• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.1-25
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• 2021

Objectives : This paper analyzes the exam paper titled, 'Is Traditional Chinese Medicine Just an Art?' of the Yixuetongzong(醫学統宗) to provide basis for research on regional physicians' examination in the Ming period. Methods : Cross examination, interpretation and content analysis of the exam paper were carried out. Results : This document is the examination paper that He Jian(何柬) submitted past the age of 40 at a regional examination for physicians that took place at the Duxue Wenyuan which is presumed to have been a regional education institute for medicine in Nanjing. While he had experience in anatomy, having been an army doctor when he was young, and was an experienced doctor who was an expert in acupuncture, it seems his goal to become a medical official at the royal medical center failed. He accumulated knowledge and experience as a Confucian doctor for more than 25 years under his teacher Pan Xiquan. It is unclear whether he had been educated at the regional medical education institute. Conclusion : The regional physicians' examination during the Ming period promoted test takers to learn both medical and Confucian knowledge quite thoroughly.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.51-76
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• 2022

Objectives : To provide foundation for research on local medical examination of the Ming period, the contents on 'He who does not know Yi(易) cannot speak of medicine' in the Yixuetongzong(醫學統宗) written by He Jian was analyzed. Methods : Proofreading of the original texts, followed by interpretation of words and phrase and translation into Korean were done. The resulting contents were then analyzed from the perspective of the theory of Medical Yi(Yi-Yi). Results : In this medical exam paper for physicians, He answers himself on topics such as the Four Symbols[四象], Eight Symbols[八象], the Sixty-four hexagrams[Liushisigua], the combinations of the Organs and Bowels[Zangfu], Nine Orifices[Jiuqiao], and Five Body Parts[Wuti], the origin of the pulse, the reasoning behind calling the pulse 'the station for blood[xuezhifu]', what the 'Tianzhen Weihezhi Qi' stands for and the meaning of the Twelve Organs[shierguan]. He also supports the perspective of the 'Medicine and Yi having the same roots[Yi-yi tongyuan]', arguing that due to this, the body's physiology could be explained through the theories of Yi[易]. This shows that He understood the Yi-yi theory as a larger category. Conclusions :He's medical exam paper reflects his uniqueness in the field of the Yi-yi theory that precedes that of Zhao Xianke.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.9-14
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• 2009

Purpose: Nowadays in the nuclear medicine, many studies and efforts are being made to reduce the scan time, as well as the waiting time to be needed to execute exams after injection of radionuclide medicines. Several methods are being used in clinic, such as developing new radionuclide compounds that enable to be absorbed into target organs more quickly and reducing acquisition scan time by increase the number of Gamma Camera detectors to examine. Each medical equipment manufacturer has improved the imaging process techniques to reduce scan time. In this paper, we tried to analyze the difference of image quality between FBP, 3D OSEM reconstruction methods that commercialized and being clinically applied, and Astonish reconstruction method (A kind of Iterative fast reconstruction method of Philips), also difference of image quality on scan time. Material and Methods: We investigated in 32 patients that examined the Bone SPECT from June to July 2008 at department of nuclear medicine, ASAN Medical Center in Seoul. 40sec/frame and 20sec/frame images were acquired that using Philips‘ PRECEDENCE 16 Gamma Camera and then reconstructed those images by using the Astonish (Philips’ Reconstruction Method), 3D OSEM and FBP methods. The blinded test was performed to the clinical interpreting physicians with all images analyzed by each reconstruction method for qualitative analysis. And we analyzed target to non target ratio by draws lesions as the center of disease for quantitative analysis. At this time, each image was analyzed with same location and size of ROI. Results: In a qualitative analysis, there was no significant difference by acquisition time changes in image quality. In a quantitative analysis, the images reconstructed Astonish method showed good quality due to better sharpness and distinguish sharply between lesions and peripheral lesions. After measuring each mean value and standard deviation value of target to non target ratio with 40 sec/frame and 20sec/frame images, those values are Astonish (40 sec-$13.91{\pm}5.62$ : 20 sec-$13.88{\pm}5.92$), 3D OSEM (40 sec-$10.60{\pm}3.55$ : 20 sec-$10.55{\pm}3.64$), FBP (40 sec-$8.30{\pm}4.44$ : 20 sec-$8.19{\pm}4.20$). We analyzed target to non target ratio from 20 sec and 40 sec images. And we analyzed the result, In Astonish (t=0.16, p=0.872), 3D OSEM (t=0.51, p=0.610), FBP (t=0.73, p=0.469) methods, there was no significant difference statistically by acquisition time change in image quality. But FBP indicates no statistical differences while some images indicate difference between 40 sec/frame and 20 sec/frame images by various factors. Conclusions: In the circumstance, try to find a solution to reduce nuclear medicine scan time, the development of nuclear medicine equipment hardware has decreased while software has marched forward at a relentless. Due to development of computer hardware, the image reconstruction time was reduced and the expanded capacity to restore enables iterative methods that couldn't be performed before due to technical limits. As imaging process technique developed, it reduced scan time and we could observe that image quality keep similar level. While keeping exam quality and reducing scan time can induce the reduction of patient's pain and sensory waiting time, also accessibility of nuclear medicine exam will be improved and it provide better service to patients and clinical physician who order exams. Consequently, those things make the image of department of nuclear medicine be improved. Concurrent Imaging - A new function that setting up each image acquisition parameter and enables to acquire images simultaneously with various parameters to once examine.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Clinical Toxicology
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.79-85
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• 2005

Purpose: With the recent boom in 'eating healthy', many adults are interested in dieting to prevent future diseases. However only well trained experts can distinguish between what are edible vegetables and herbs from their poisonous look-alikes. In cases where a patient unknowingly ingests a poisonous herb, is caught off guard by the poisonous side effects that occur because of their lack of knowledge of what they have ingested. This paper will focus on the need to educate the public about the risks involved with ingesting wild vegetables and herbs and study the emergency diagnosis and treatment of poisoned patients that enter the emergency room. Method: This study was done in the spring of 2004 (from March to May) in the Kangwon Young-Seo districts of Korea. 15 subjects used in this study, entered the emergency room showing signs of toxic symptoms. Data was collected by examining subject's records. Additional data was collected by collaborating with physicians in the hospital that diagnosed and treated the subjects. Identifying the poisonous vegetable or herb is the first step to proper diagnosis and treatment. Subjects admitted to the emergency room, underwent a battery of tests: laboratory examination, ECG, radiological exam and etc. Results: The demographics of the study encompassed subjects with the average age of $50{\pm}19$ years old. There were 10 men and 5 women. Common symptoms of this study included; gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, epigastric pain and so on. In the case of Caltha palustris ingestion, additional symptoms were present; bradycardia and hypotension which lasted for a long time. While cases that ingested Scopolia parviflora had little effect on vital signs but manic episodes lasted for about three days. Veratrum patulum ingestion showed signs of bradycardia and hypotension but contrary to Caltha palustris recovery was shorten by treating with dopamine. However, dizziness, headache and paresthesia of the extremities continued for a long time. Finally Sium ninsi ingestion showed visual disturbance, paresthesia of the extremities, dizziness as their initial symptoms. Conclusion: The risks involved with ingesting wild plants without the proper knowledge can lead to serious side effects and steps need to be taken to educate the public. In addition, all emergency physicians need to have a working knowledge of the symptoms and signs associated with ingesting toxic wild plants and need to treat accordingly.