• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.136-143
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• 2013

The collared scops owl that occurs in Korea is a protected species but its exact specific status has been questioned. To resolve the species status, a molecular phylogenetic analysis was conducted using two fragments of mitochondrial DNA, cytochrome b (cyt b, 891 bp) and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 (ND2, 627 bp) genes. Phylogenetic trees of cyt b revealed that all Korean specimens formed a monophyletic group with Japanese scops owl Otus semitorques with very low sequence divergence (d=0.008). We obtained a similar ND2 tree as well (d=0.003); however, the genetic distance between Korean individuals and O. lempiji from GenBank (AJ004026-7, EU348987, and EU601036) was very high and sufficient enough to separate them as species (cyt b, d=0.118; ND2, d=0.113). We also found that Korean species showed high differentiation from O. bakkamoena (AJ004018-20 and EU601034; cyt b, d=0.106; ND2, d=0.113) and O. lettia (EU601109 and EU601033, cyt b, d=0.110; ND2, d=0.117) as well. Therefore, we suggest that the Korean collared scops owl should be designated as Otus semitorques.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.131-140
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• 1998

MAI(Multi-Access Interference) and fast channel variation due to the fading environment are the major problems in the mobile CDMA communication systems. Recently, interest has been increasing in applying the Adaptive Linear MMSE Detector to MAI cancellation in the CDMA reverse link. In this paper, we propose a modified Adaptive Linear MMSE Detector structure which can be used in Long-duration code CDMA system in the presence of independent Rayleigh fading. We use independent multiple tap-weight vector structure to cope with the variation of spreading sequence pattern between neighbor symbols because of the Long-duration code. In this case, more exact channel parameter estimation is required. To solve this problem, we use coherent CDMA structure which can track the channel parameters like amplitude and phase by employing the low power pilot channel in the CDMA reverse link.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2003.11b
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• pp.295-298
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• 2003

In this paper, a novel maximum a posterion (MAP) estimation for the channel decoding of H.264 codes in the presence of transmission error is presented. Arithmetic codes with a forbidden symbol and trellis search techniques are employed in order to estimate the best transmitted. And, there has been growing interest of communication, the research about transmission of exact data is increasing. Unlike the case of voice transmission, noise has a fatal effect on the image transmission. The reason is that video coding standards have used the variable length coding. So, only one bit error affects the all video data compressed before resynchronization. For reasons of that, channel needs the channel codec, which is robust to channel error. But, usual channel decoder corrects the error only by channel error probability. So, designing source codec and channel codec, Instead of separating them, it is tried to combine them jointly. And many researches used the information of source redundancy In received data. But, these methods do not match to the video coding standards, because video ceding standards use not only one symbol but also many symbols in same data sequence. In this thesis, We try to design combined source-channel codec that is compatible with video coding standards. This MAP decoder is proposed by adding semantic structure and semantic constraint of video coding standards to the method using redundancy of the MAP decoders proposed previously. Then, We get the better performance than usual channel coder's.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics S
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• v.36S no.1
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• pp.104-114
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• 1999

This paper proposes an efficient method for the automatic generation of personalized 3D face model from color image sequence. To detect a robust facial region in a complex background, moving color detection technique based on he facial color distribution has been suggested. Color distribution and edge position information in the detected face region are used to extract the exact 31 facial feature points of the facial description parameter(FDP) proposed by MPEG-4 SNHC(Synthetic-Natural Hybrid Coding) adhoc group. Extracted feature points are then applied to the corresponding vertex points of the 3D generic face model composed of 1038 triangular mesh points. The personalized 3D face model can be generated automatically in less then 2 seconds on Pentium PC.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.13 no.7
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• pp.99-108
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• 2008

For video compression, we have to consider two performance factors that are the search speed and coded video's quality. In this paper, we propose an enhanced fast block matching algorithm using the spatial correlation of the video sequence and the center-biased characteristic of motion vectors(MV). The proposed algorithm first finds a predicted motion vector from the adjacent macro blocks of the current frame and determines an exact motion vector using the cross pattern and a flat hexagon search pattern. From the performance evaluations, we can see that our algorithm outperforms both the hexagon-based search(HEXBS) and the cross-hexagon search(CHS) algorithms in terms of the search speed and coded video's quality. Using our algorithm, we can improve the search speed by up to 31%, and also increase the PSNR(Peak Signal Noise Ratio) by at most 0.5 dB, thereby improving the video quality.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.12B no.4 s.100
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• pp.395-402
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• 2005

Object extraction is needed to track objects in color traffic image sequence. To extract objects, we use background differencing method based on MOG(Mixture of Gaussians). In extracted objects, shadows may be included. Due to shadows, we may not find exact location of objects and sometimes we find adjacent objects are glued together. Many methods have been proposed to remove shadows. Conventional methods usually assume that color and texture information are preserved under the shadow. Thus these methods do not work well if these assumptions do not hold. In this paper, we propose a new robust shadow removal method which works well in those situations. First we extract shadow pixel candidates by analysing color information and compute the ratio of shadow pixel candidates over the total number of Pixels. W the ratio is reasonable, we remove shadow candidate Pixels and if not, we use data in history array containing Previous removal records. We applied the method to real color traffic image sequences and obtained good results.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.109-119
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• 2023

PURPOSE: The definition and scope of biofeedback are broad and lack a clear framework. Therefore, efforts are needed to clearly understand the exact range and definition of biofeedback based on the research and development conducted to date. Thus, the purpose of this study was to arrive at the definition and scope of biofeedback through a literature review and analysis of its application methods. METHODS: This study is a systematic literature review conducted to understand the various types and effects of biofeedback. International databases such as Google Scholar and PubMed were used. Domestic databases utilized for keyword searches included the Research Information Sharing Service (RISS) and the National Digital Science Library (NDSL). Quality assessment of the selected studies in the selection process was done using the Cochrane risk of bias, and the research was analyzed according to the population, intervention, control, and outcomes (PICO) format. RESULTS: Studies conducted between 2019 and 2021 were selected, with 4 papers falling under physiological classifications and 7 under biomechanical classifications. The quality assessment results showed that random sequence generation, allocation concealment, performance bias, and reporting bias were unclear. Detection bias was moderate, and attrition bias and other biases were low. Out of the 11 papers, 9 dealt with physical function outcomes, 5 with daily life activities, and 3 with mental functions. CONCLUSION: Physiological biofeedback tended to influence psychological factors more than physical functions, while biomechanical biofeedback tended to have a positive impact on physical functions.

• Journal of Interdisciplinary Genomics
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.35-41
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• 2023

Background: Ca²⁺ signaling plays a vital role in neuronal signaling and altered Ca²⁺ homeostasis in Parkinson's disease (PD). Overexpression of αSYN significantly promote the Ca²⁺-Calmodulin (CaM) activity and subsequent nuclear translocation of nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) transcription factor in dopaminergic neurons of midbrain. However, the exact role of Ca²⁺-CaM and NFAT in PD pathology is yet to be elucidated. Methods: We designed the CaM-NFAT-oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN), a synthetic short DNA containing complementary sequence for NFAT transcription factor and CaM mRNA. Then, the effect of CaM-NFAT-ODN on 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP⁺)-mediated neurotoxicity was investigated in mimic PD model in vitro. Results: First, the expression of αSYN and CaM was strongly increased in substantia nigra (SN) of PD and the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) was strongly increased in control SN. Additionally, the expression of apoptosis marker proteins was strongly increased in SN of PD. Transfection of CaM-NFAT-ODN repressed CaM and pNFAT, the target genes of this ODN in rat embryo primary mesencephalic neurons. It also reduced ERK phosphorylation, a downstream target of these genes. These results demonstrated that CaM-NFAT-ODN operated successfully in rat embryo primary mesencephalic neurons. Transfection of CaM-NFAT-ODN repressed TH reduction, αSYN accumulation, and apoptosis by MPP⁺-induced neurotoxicity response through Ca²⁺ signaling and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) signaling. Conclusion: Synthetic CaM-NFAT-ODN has substantial therapeutic feasibility for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.24 no.2 s.77
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• pp.155-165
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• 1996

This study was carried out to identify the phylogenetic relationship among several isolates of Pleurotus species by comparing ITS II region of ribosomal DNA(rDNA) repeat unit. Two primers from ribosomal DNA sequences were chosen to amplify the specific internal transcribed spacer (ITS) II region of Pleurotus spp. The exact ITS II region with an unique band from six species of Pleurotus genus could be amplified using the two primers taken from at the 3'-end of 5.8S rDNA and 5'-end of 28S rDNA. Six representative species of the Pleurotus genus were easily characterized according to the length differences of ITS II region. Furthermore, within P. ostreatus species, different sizes of ITS II region could be observed in the isolates of ASI 2025 and ASI 2095 although they were classified as P. ostreatus by the conventional observation. The nucleotide sequence analyses of PCR-amplified ITS II region indicated that the isolates ASI 2025 and ASI 2095 were different from other Pleurotus spp. When the nucleotide sequences of six Pleurotus species were compared, three typical ITS II regions were highly variable especially at both ends of this region. The phylogenetic tree obtained by the Neighbor program of Felsenstein PHYLIP package with all the nucleotide sequence of Pleurotus spp. indicated that P. ostreatus, P. florida, P. sajor-caju and P. eryngii were closely related to one phylogenetic branch and P. cystidious was related to other branch with P. cornucopiae. The isolates ASI 2025 and 2038, however, were not closely related to any other Pleurotus spp. and formed their own individual branches.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.19
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• pp.8319-8324
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• 2014

Although genetic markers identifying women at an increased risk of developing breast cancer exist, the majority of inherited risk factors remain elusive. Mutations in the BRCA1/BRCA2 gene confer a substantial increase in breast cancer risk, yet routine clinical genetic screening is limited to the coding regions and intronexon boundaries, precluding the identification of mutations in noncoding and untranslated regions. Because 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) polymorphisms disrupting microRNA (miRNA) binding can be functional and can act as genetic markers of cancer risk, we aimed to determine genetic variation in the 3'UTR of BRCA1/BRCA2 in familial and early-onset breast cancer patients with and without mutations in the coding regions of BRCA1/BRCA2 and to identify specific 3'UTR variants that may be risk factors for cancer development. The 3'UTRs of the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes were screened by heteroduplex analysis and DNA sequencing in 100 patients from 46 BRCA1/2 families, 54 non-BRCA1/2 families, and 47 geographically matched controls. Two polymorphisms were identified. SNPs $c.^*1287C$ >T (rs12516) (BRCA1) and $c.^*105A$ >C (rs15869) (BRCA2) were identified in 27% and 24% of patients, respectively. These 2 variants were also identified in controls with no family history of cancer (23.4% and 23.4%, respectively). In comparison to variations in the 3'UTR region of the BRCA1/2 genes and the BRCA1/2 mutational status in patients, there was a statistically significant relationship between the BRCA1 gene polymorphism $c.^*1287C$ >T (rs12516) and BRCA1 mutations (p=0.035) by Fisher's Exact Test. SNP $c.^*1287C$ >T (rs12516) of the BRCA1 gene may have potential use as a genetic marker of an increased risk of developing breast cancer and likely represents a non-coding sequence variation in BRCA1 that impacts BRCA1 function and leads to increased early-onset and/or familial breast cancer risk in the Turkish population.