• 정형스포츠물리치료학회지
• /
• 제14권2호
• /
• pp.33-44
• /
• 2018

Purpose: The primary purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of cervical stabilization exercise (CSE) on hamstring flexibility in patients with neck pain. A secondary purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of cervical range of motion (CROM) and craniovertebral angle (CVA). Methods: This study was a single-blind, randomized, comparative trial. Twenty patients were allocated into either the cranio-cervical flexion exercise (CCFE) group or the CSE group. Before and after the intervention, we measured straight leg raise (SLR), popliteal angle (PA), CROM, and CVA in the sitting and standing positions. Fisher's exact test, the Mann-Whitney test, and Wilcoxon's signed-rank test were used to analyze our data. Results: Both groups showed significant improvements in the value of SLR, PA, cervical extension, cervical rotation, and CVA in the standing position (both, p<.05) after intervention. However, only the CSE group showed significant improvements in cervical right lateral flexion (z=-2.209; p<.01) and cervical left lateral flexion (z=-2.537; p<.05) after intervention. The CSF group showed more significant improvements in SLR, PA, both cervical lateral flexions, and both cervical rotations than the CCFE group. Conclusions: The results of this study will guide future research in identifying the effectiveness of CSE. In conclusion, it can be inferred that CSE has a positive effect on SLR, PA, CROM, and CVA in the standing position in patients with chronic neck pain.

• 한국해양공학회지
• /
• 제21권4호
• /
• pp.1-7
• /
• 2007

Based on the eigenfunction expansion method, the wave-absorbing performance of a square or circular pile breakwater was investigated. Flow separation resulting from sudden contraction and expansion is generated and is the main cause of significant energy loss. Therefore, evaluation of an exact energy loss coefficient is critical to enhancing the reliability of the mathematical model. To obtain the energy loss coefficient, 2-dimensional turbulent flow is analyzed using the FLUENT commercial code, and the energy loss coefficient can be obtained from the pressure difference between upstream and downstream. It was found that energy loss coefficient of circular pile is 20% that of a square pile. To validate the fitting equation for the energy loss coefficient, comparison between the analytical results and the experimental results (Kakuno and Liu, 1993) was made for square and circular piles with good agreement. The array of square piles also provides better wave-absorbing efficiency than the circular piles, and the optimal porosity value is near P=0.1.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
• /
• 제22권52호
• /
• pp.69-79
• /
• 1999

The main objective of this study are to propose two methods that would be a comprehensive measure of evaluation for non-normal process capability with Beta distributions. First method is introduced using process capability index $C_{psk}$ by the Pearson system and Johnson system. The Pearson system and the Johnson System selected for process capability index calculation have a equivalent result of this study that the ranking of the seven indices in terms of sensitivity to departure of the process median from the target value from the most sensitive one up to the least sensitive are $C^{*}_{pm}$ , $C_{psk}$ , $C_{s}$ , $C_{pmk}$ , $C_{pm}$ , $C_{pk}$ , $C_{p}$ . Second method show using the percentage nonconforming by the Pearson, Johnson and Burr functions. In thus study, we find that the Pearson system and the Burr system are a reasonable method to estimate percentage nonconforming. But, the exact procedure for deriving this estimate will be based on Beta distribution. Accordingly, if a process is not normally distributed , but normal-based techniques are used serious errors can result.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
• /
• 제21권1호
• /
• pp.60-66
• /
• 2004

2001년 5월에서 11월까지 영남대학교 병원 산부인과 외래를 방문한 20세 이상의 환자 중 무작위로 선택한 412명을 대상으로 설문 조사를 하였고 이를 분석하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 대구지역 여성들의 요실금 유병률 조사대상자의 평균 연령은 45.5세이었으며 유병률은 46.84%로 조사되었다. 2. 대상환자의 연령이 증가할수록 요실금의 유병률이 높게 나타났다(p=0.00001). 3. 분만횟수가 증가할수록 요실금의 유병률이 증가하였다(p=0.007). 4. 제왕절개술에 비하여 질식분만시 요실금의 유병률이 높게 나타났다(p=0.001). 5. BMI, 유산, 폐경, 호르몬 요법, 당뇨병, 갑상선 질환, 만성 호흡기 질환은 요실금과 유의한 관계가 없는 것으로 나타났다(p=0.117, p=0.145, p=0.546, p=0.256, p=0.241, p=0.343, p=0.185).

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
• /
• 제38권3호
• /
• pp.164-167
• /
• 2011

Objective: There are limited data regarding the significance of elevated serum CA-125 level during IUI cycles, even though it is used widely during the initial evaluation of infertile patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic value of serum CA-125 levels during IUI cycles. Methods: Among the patients with controlled ovarian stimulation and IUI cycles at Seoul National University Hospital from Jan 2005 through Dec 2009, 92 cases with no identified endometriotic lesion, ovarian tumor, salpingeal lesion, or uterine myoma were selected. To compare the clinical characteristics between the pregnancy group and the non-pregnancy group, the Mann-Whitney U test and Fisher's exact test were used. Results: The overall pregnancy rate was 18.5% (17/92). The pregnancy group showed a higher number of follicles 16 mm in diameter ($p$=0.036), endometrial thickness ($p$ <0.001), ampules of gonadotropin ($p$=0.009), and higher body mass index ($p$=0.022) than the non-pregnancy group. No significant difference was observed in the serum CA-125 level or the proportion of patients with CA-125 exceeding 17 IU/mL between the two groups. Conclusion: The prognostic value of serum CA-125 level among infertile patients with IUI cycles is considered limited.

• 한국안광학회지
• /
• 제12권3호
• /
• pp.39-48
• /
• 2007

엄밀한 조절자극과 폭주자극 값 그리고 프리즘 디옵터는 어떻게 정의되어야 하는지를 고찰하여 정리 하였다. 양안시기능 검사와 분석의 실무에서 조절자극과 폭주자극 값은 어떻게 처리되는지를 고찰하여 정리 했다. 그 결과 실무에서의 처리과정은 근거리를 렌즈면으로부터 40 cm로 하는 경우 평균 P.D가 64 mm일 때 안구의 회선점에서 시험렌즈까지 거리 $l_c$이 26.67 mm인 경우에 가장 적합하였다. 본 논문에서 이 값들을 사용하여 필요한 값들을 계산하였다. 그리고 실무에서 사용되는 (5)식의 조절자극 값이 지니는 오차를 눈의 물측 주점에서 시험렌즈까지 거리 $l_H$를 15.07 mm로 하여 계산했다. 굴절력이 $P_m$인 프리즘 가입에 의한 폭주자극 값의 변화량 P'을 순환 계산법으로 계산하였다. P'는 $P_m$, 회선점에서 프리즘까지의 거리 $p_c$, 프리즘을 가입하기 전의 폭주 값 $C_o$와 프리즘 재질의 굴절률 n에 따라 변한다. 그리고 순환 계산법과 필요한 수식들을 자세히 제시했다. P'를 증대시키는 요인에는 두 가지가 있다. 그 첫 번째는 주된 것으로서 폭주 값이 보통의 덧셈법에 따라 더해지지 않는 성질이다. 다른 하나는 영향력이 작은 것으로서 프리즘의 실제 굴절력이 빛의 입사각에 따라 다르게 되는 이유이다. 그리고 $p_c$와 $C_o$가 커짐에 따라 P'은 괄목할 만큼 작아진다. $P_m=20{\Delta}$, P.D=64 mm 그리고 n=1.7인 경우에 대해 $p_c$와 $C_o$값들에 따르는 $P^{\prime}/P_m$을 계산하여 그래프로 나타냈다. $P^{\prime}/P_m$의 굴절률 n에 대한 의존성은 무시 할만 큼 아주 작다(Fig. 6 참조). 가입 프리즘의 굴절력과 폭주자극 값의 변화량이 같게 되는 프리즘의 위치 값 $p_c$를 구했다(Table 1). 실무에서 약식으로 처리되는 조절자극과 폭주자극 값의 참 값을 구하였다. 이를 토대로 약식으로 처리된 조절자극과 폭주자극 값이 참 값의 위치에 표시 되게 하는 두 가지의 그래프 양식을 제시하였다. 하나는 기존의 것과 같은 형태(Fig. 9)이고 다른 하나는 프리즘 가입에 의한 폭주자극 값의 변화량만을 나타내는 형식이다(Fig. 11).

• 농약과학회지
• /
• 제13권1호
• /
• pp.21-27
• /
• 2009

유기인계 살충제인 fenirothion에 의하여 생성되는 폐기물과 폐수를 생물적 방법으로 처리하는 방법을 찾기 위하여 fenitrothion 분해미생물을 이용하는 연구를 수행하였다. 이 미생물은 fenitrothion을 함유하는 NB 선택배지를 이용하여 분리되었으며, Gram(+), 막대형, 포자형성 등의 형태적, 생화학적 특징들에 근거하여 Bacillus sphaericus NFo1으로 동정되었다. NB 배지에서 fenitrothion을 분해하는 최적 배양조건 혹은 농약 분해 조건을 결정하는 연구를 수행한 결과 최적 배양온도, 초기 pH, 균체 접종량이 각각 $35^{\circ}C$, 7.5, $OD_{660}$ 값이 1.5인 균체량으로 결정되었다. 이상의 최적 분해조건에서 fenitrothion은 5일 이내에 200mg/L의 고농도 배양에서도 90% 이상이 분해됨을 확인하였다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제16권14호
• /
• pp.6155-6158
• /
• 2015

Background: The human leukocyte antigen-G (HLA-G) gene is highly expressed in cancer pathologies and is one strategy used by tumor cells to escape immune surveillance. A 14-bp insertion/deletion (InDel) polymorphism of the HLA-G gene has been suggested to be associated with HLA-G mRNA stability and the expression of HLA-G. The aim of present study was to assess any genetic association between this polymorphism and breast cancer among Iranian-Azeri women. Materials and Methods: In this study 227 women affected with breast cancer, in addition to 255 age-sex and ethnically matched healthy individuals as the control group, participated. Genotyping was performed using polymerase chain reaction and electrophoresis assays. The data were compiled according to the genotype and allele frequencies, compared using the Chi-square test. Statistical significance was set at P<0.05. Results: In this case-control study, no significant difference was found between the case and control groups at allelic and genotype levels, although there is a slightly higher allele frequency of HLA-G 14bp deletion in breast cancer affected group. However,when the stage I subgroup was compared with stage II plus stage III subgroup of affected breast cancer, a significant difference was seen with the 14 bp deletion allele frequency. The stage II-III subgroup patients had higher frequency of deletion allele (57.4% vs 45.8%) than stage I cases (${\chi}^2=4.16$, p-value=0.041). Conclusions: Our data support a possible action of HLA-G 14bp InDel polymorphism as a potential genetic risk factor for progression of breast cancer. This finding highlights the necessity of future studies of this gene to establish the exact role of HLA-G in progression steps of breast cancer.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
• /
• 제60권5호
• /
• pp.540-549
• /
• 2017

Objective : To evaluate the diagnostic value of computed tomography-myelography (CTM) compared to that of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with lumbar radiculopathy. Methods : The study included 91 patients presenting with radicular leg pain caused by herniated nucleus pulposus or lateral recess stenosis in the lumbar spine. The degree of nerve root compression on MRI and CTM was classified into four grades. The results of each imaging modality as assessed by two different observers were compared. Visual analog scale score for pain and electromyography result were the clinical parameters used to evaluate the relationships between clinical features and nerve root compression grades on both MRI and CTM. These relationships were quantified by calculating the receiver-operating characteristic curves, and the degree of relationship was compared between MRI and CTM. Results : McNemar's test revealed that the two diagnostic modalities did not show diagnostic concurrence (p<0.0001). Electromyography results did not correlate with grades on either MRI or CTM. The visual analog pain scale score results were correlated better with changes of the grades on CTM than those on MRI (p=0.0007). Conclusion : The present study demonstrates that CTM could better define the pathology of degenerative lumbar spine diseases with radiculopathy than MRI. CTM can be considered as a useful confirmative diagnostic tool when the exact cause of radicular pain in a patient with lumbar radiculopathy cannot be identified by using MRI. However, the invasiveness and potential complications of CTM are still considered to be pending questions to settle.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
• /
• 제25권1호
• /
• pp.57-64
• /
• 2022

Background: There are various conservative treatment options for lateral epicondylitis (LE). The aim is to evaluate pain, daily functioning, and complications after ultrasound-standardized autologous blood injections in patients with LE. Methods: For this prospective cohort study, consecutive patients (>18 years) diagnosed with LE were included. Autologous blood was injected using a medical device containing an injection disposable with 12 small needles (Instant Tennis Elbow Cure [ITEC]) device. Patient-Rated Tennis Elbow Evaluation (PRTEE), subjective elbow score (SES), palpation and provocation pain, satisfaction, and complications of treatment were measured at baseline and two months after treatment. Paired t-tests and Fisher's exact tests were used for calculating the difference between pre- and post-treatment outcomes. Results: Fifty-five elbows were analyzed. Mean time between pre- and post-treatment was 11.1 weeks (standard deviation [SD], 8.9 weeks). The mean PRTEE score decreased from 68.2 (SD, 15.7) before surgery to 53.2 (SD, 25.9; p<0.001) after. The mean SES improved from 36.9 (SD, 20.8) to 51.7 (SD, 27.4; p<0.001). Despite this improvement, only 44.7% of patients showed relevant clinical improvement in PRTEE, and 37.3% showed significant clinical improvement based on SES. Four patients reported a complication and the injection disposable failed three times. Conclusions: Ultrasound-standardized autologous blood injection using the ITEC device is not an effective tool in reducing symptoms related to LE. This study showed that only half of all patients experienced a positive effect. In this heterogeneous cohort of patients, we showed no added value of ultrasound standardization.