• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
• /
• 제19권1호
• /
• pp.64-72
• /
• 1994

Zinc Phosphate Cement hand been used for about more than 100 years in luting of cast gold inlay. But many scientists had been trying to develop the new form of luting agent because the ZPC hand shown the lack of adhesiveness on the tooth structure and the toxicity to the pulp tissue. Recently many researches about the surface treatment of the cast body are being done to increase the adhesion of cement to it. The conventional Class I gold inlays were fabricated in the 20 permanent molars. After the internal surface of the cast body was sandblasted with $Al_2O_3$ particles and was tin-plated, the inlays were cemented with adhesive cement [G I cement and resin cement(Super-Bond & $Panavia_{EX}$)] and the evaluation on the adhesion pattern, adhesive strength and the fracture pattern of the adhesive cast gold inlay was compared to that of the cast gold inlay cemented conventionally with ZPC. The results were as follows : 1. The surface roughness of the cast body was increased significantly after sandblasting with the $Al_2O_3$ particles and the tin oxide layer, which was consisted of round particles, came into being. 2. The bond strength was in the order of Super-Bond, ZPC, Fuji I, $Panavia_{EX}$ group. The group cemented with Super-Bond showed statistically greater strength than the other groups(p<0.05). 3. The group cemented with ZPC was fallen apart by principal adhesion failure and that with Fuji I was by complete adhesion failure. But the group with Super-Bond showed pricncipal cohesive failure pattern and in the group with $Panavia_{EX}$, complete cohesive fracture pattern was shown and small protion of tooth structure was fractured out with cast body and the fractured surface showed the figure just as the enamel prism. 4. Various gaps were shown at the pulpal side regardless of little gap at the side walls of the cavity in all groups. Only the Super-Bond was attached to the tooth structure and the other cements were detached from both the tooth and the cast body.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제14권6호
• /
• pp.3483-3489
• /
• 2013

Background: To identify the prevalence of different stages of smoking and differences in associated risk factors. Materials and Methods: Thos longitudinal study started in February 2011 and the subjects were 2552 form one students aged between twelve to thirteen years of from 15 government secondary schools of Kinta, Perak. Data on demographic, parental, school and peer factors were collected using a self-administered questionnaire. We examined the effects of peer, school and parental factors on the five stages of smoking; never smokers, susceptible never smokers, experimenters, current smokers and ex-smokers, at baseline. Results: In the sample, 19.3% were susceptible never smokers, 5.5% were current smokers 6% were experimenters and 3.1% were ex-smokers. Gender, ethnicity, best friends' smoking status, high peer pressure, higher number of relatives who smoked and parental monitoring were found to be associated with smoking stages. Presence of parent-teen conflict was only associated with susceptible never smokers and experimenters whereas absence of home discussion on smoking hazards was associated with susceptible never smokers and current smokers. Conclusions: We identified variations in the factors associated with the different stages of smoking. Our results highlight that anti-smoking strategies should be tailored according to the different smoking stages.

• Journal of Microbiology
• /
• 제39권3호
• /
• pp.149-153
• /
• 2001

The electron transfer reaction is one of the most essential processes of life. Not only does it provide the means of transforming solar and chemical energy into a utilizable form for all living organisms, it also extends into a range of metabolic processes that support the life of a cell. Thus, it is of great interest to understand the physical basis of the rates and reduction potentials of these reactions. To identify the major determinants of reduction potentials in redox proteins, we have chosen the simplest electron transfer protein, rubredoxin, a small (52-54 residue) iron-sulfur protein family, widely distributed in bacteria and archaea. Rubredoxins can be grouped into two classes based on the correlation of their reduction potentials with the identity of residue 44; those with Ala44 (ex: Pyrococcus furiosus) have reduction potentials that are ∼50 mV higher than those with Va144 (ex: Clostridium pasteurianum). Based on the crystal structures of rubredoxins from C. pasteurianum and P. furiosus, we propose the identity of residue 44 alone determines the reduction potential by the orientation of the electric dipole moment of the peptide bond between 43 and 44. Based on 1.5 $\AA$ resolution crystal structures and molecular dynamics simulations of oxidized and reduced rubredoxins from C. pasteurianum, the structural rearrangements upon reduction suggest specific mechanisms by which electron transfer reactions of rubredoxin should be facilitated.

• 복식문화연구
• /
• 제15권4호
• /
• pp.688-701
• /
• 2007

Since modem times, civilization of scientific technology has rapidly expanded and resulted in many negative aspects. Dystopia is a skeptical future standpoint newly introduced by surging awareness of these negative aspects. The purpose of this study is to discover the common characteristics by studying costumes displayed in dystopian films which have critical view of the future. This study is made through the research of sundry records, thesis and capture images from DVD system. As a result of the study, the common formative characteristics of future costumes appearing in six dystopian films are classified into external characteristics and internal characteristics. First, external characteristics were analyzed according to the form, material and color. Second, internal characteristics of costumes appearing in dystopian films are categorized as the indeterminate expression, ex-typical expression and uniform expression. The above formative characteristics of dystopian future costumes can be described as the embodiment of meanings of influence from present and future cultural changes in terms of the characteristics of fashion.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
• /
• 제37권5호
• /
• pp.1285-1297
• /
• 2020

본 연구에서는 의약품과 화장품에 사용되는 고순도의 센텔라아시아티카정량추출물을 리포좀화하는 방법과 이를 이용한 크림을 개발하여 주름개선에 대한 in-vivo 임상평가에 대하여 연구한 결과를 보고한다. 리포좀 라멜라 베지클에 센텔라아사아티카정량추출물을 안정화시킨 센텔라좀-10EX을 만들기 위하여, 5%의 하이드로제네이티드레시틴과 2%의 수크로오스다이스테아레이트를 사용하여 완성시킬 수 있었다. 센텔라좀-10EX의 외관은 저점성의 크림상, 색상은 엷은 황색, 냄새는 원료 본연의 고유취가 있었다. pH는 약 6.12 이었으며, 비중은 1.09, 산가는 약 0.35이었다. 리포좀 베지클에 함유된 센텔라아시아티카정량추출물의 주성분의 함량은 10,800ppm의 아시아틱애씨드, 10,900ppm의 아시아티코사이드, 6,000ppm의 마테카식애씨드, 1,600ppm의 마데카소사이드가 함유하고 있으며, 장기간 보관 시에도 변색이 없었고, 열역학적으로 주성분이 안정하게 유지되고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 센텔라좀-10EX의 리포좀 베지클의 구조를 메커니즘 적으로 분석하기 위하여, 투과전자현미경 (Cryo-TEM)으로 관찰한 결과 다중층막이 형성되어 수분이 채워져 있고, 그 주변에는 10~60여층의 다중층의 리포좀 라멜라 베지클 형성되었음을 확인하였다. 임상시험(in-vivo)으로써, 센텔라좀 크림의 5주동안 바른 후의 보습효과는 28.3%로 플라세보 보다 유의차 있게 증가되었다. 피부탄력효과는 13.6%로 플라세보 보다 유의차 있게 보습력이 증가되었다. 눈가의 피부잔주름 개선효과는 플라세보 크림보다 23.52%가 개선되었다. 이 연구 결과를 통하여 개발된 센텔라좀-10EX의 리포좀 베지클에 봉입 안정화하는 처방과 제조방법에 대하여 연구할 수 있었으며, 이를 이용한 크림에 대한 주름개선효과 등의 임상연구를 통하여 얻어진 결과들이 화장품 산업에 있어서 피부과학을 연구하고, 고 효능을 가진 고품격 화장품을 개발하는데 폭넓게 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
• /
• 제10권1호
• /
• pp.284-305
• /
• 1997

A Literatural study on the etiological factors, classification, prescription of hemorrhoids and hemorrhoids complicated by anal fistula following results were obtained. 1. The cause of hemorrhoids are long time sit, long time gate, overfatigue, overeating, imbalance of stool( constipation or diarrhea), pregnant fertility(overfatigue after childbirth, insufficiency of middle warmer energy), uncontrol sexual excess, pathgenic factors of wetness, heat, wind, dry, genetic cause, excess of anxiety, pile up of heat poison, weakness of entrails and viscera. The cause of hemorrhoid complicated by anal fistula are attack of external wind, heatness, dry, fire, wetness(pathgenic factors), inapporiate treatment and chronic disease, greasy diet, excess of anxiety, constipation, uncontrol sexual excess, obstacle of circulation of vital energy and blood on anal site. 2. Classification of hemorrhoids are female hemorrhoids, male hemorrhoids, pulse hemorrhoids, intestines hemorrhoids, vital energy hemorrhoids, wine hemorrhoids, blood hemonhoids, flowing hemorrhoids. Classification with other method are external hemorrhoids, internal hemorrhoids, mixed hemorrhoids, excrescence hemorrhoids, nipple homorrhoids. External hemorrhoids is classified of varicosis of hemorrhoidal vein, connective tissue form, thrombus form. Classification of hemorrhoid complicated by anal fistula are simple lower hemorrhoid, lower mixed hemorrhoid, deep hemorrhoid, outer of one hole hemorrhoid, a horseshoe hemorrhoids. Once more classificated of four are space of sphincter muscle form, penetration sphincter muscle form, upper of sphincter muscle form, outer of sphincter muscle form. 3. Therapy method of hermorrhoid and hemorrhoid complicated by anal fistula are internal method, fumigation method method, ointment, method of close with medicine, necrotizing method, hot medicated compress( gxternal method), injection, insertion, bind, (operation) and acupuncture therapy (the others method) 4. Herb medicine for many used of internal method are Scutellaria baikalensis George(黃芩), Coptis japonia Makino(黃連), Rehmania giutinosa Liboschitz ex Fischer & Meyer(生地黃), Poncirus trifoliata Refinesque(枳殼), Sanguisorba officinalis Linne(地楡), Sophora japonica L.(槐花), Cnidium officinale Makino (川芎), Astragalus membranaceus Bunge(황기), Angelica gigas Nakai (當歸). 5. Herb medicine for many used of fumigation are Schlechtendalia Chinesis J. Bell (五倍子), Artemisia Vulgaris L. var indica Maxim(艾葉), Poncirus trifoliata Refinesque (枳殼), Nepeta japonica Maximowicy(荊芥), And herb medicine for many used of ointment are Calomelas(輕粉), Alum(白礬), Boswellia carterii Birdwood(乳香), Os Draconis Fossilia Ossis Mastodi(龍骨).

• 복식
• /
• 제21권
• /
• pp.193-206
• /
• 1993

Recently in the post-modernism era ethnic look tropical look or ecological look has prevailed as an important theme of fashion all over the world. The main core of these themes is based on primitivism. The purpose of this study was first to com-prehend the internal meaning and the exteral form of primitivism in modern fashion second to compare the characteristics of primitivism in art with those in modern fashion as one of the phenomena in cultural consistency. For this purpose documentary studies about primitivism in social science and art were preceded as a framework of this study and then objective studies about primitivism in modern fashion and art were analyzed. Primi-tivism expressed in clothing since the 16th century was also historically traced. the results were as follows: 1. Primitivism in modern fashion was summarized by emotionality play ecology and aboriginality as well as was represented by ex-ternal forms of open form part-to-whole re-lation planar intergration rounded form and indeterminate form It was demonstrated that the external form of primitivism in art and fashion is quite similar and is an example of cultural consistency. So it is reaffirmed that fashion is the production of culture representing zeitgeist as a genre of art. 2, Modernism in the early 20th century brought the richness of materials through the de-velopment of the mechanical culture emphasizing rationality as well as functionalism, Fashion also has been influenced by this modern-ism so it has tended to express only the beauty which emphasizes the functional aspects of clothing and excludes the decorative characters. The primitivism in recent fashion is against the flow of modernism. In a word the pursuit for the regression to nature and the recovering of hu-manity is the core of the primitivism in modern fashion.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
• /
• 제24권4호
• /
• pp.371-388
• /
• 2021

A novel flexibility-based beam-foundation model for inelastic analyses of beams resting on foundation is presented in this paper. To model the deformability of supporting foundation media, the Winkler-Pasternak foundation model is adopted. Following the derivation of basic equations of the problem (strong form), the flexibility-based finite beam-foundation element (weak form) is formulated within the framework of the matrix virtual force principle. Through equilibrated force shape functions, the internal force fields are related to the element force degrees of freedom. Tonti's diagrams are adopted to present both strong and weak forms of the problem. Three numerical simulations are employed to assess validity and to show effectiveness of the proposed flexibility-based beam-foundation model. The first two simulations focus on elastic beam-foundation systems while the last simulation emphasizes on an inelastic beam-foundation system. The influences of the adopted foundation model to represent the underlying foundation medium are also discussed.

• 분석과학
• /
• 제8권3호
• /
• pp.321-334
• /
• 1995

흔적량 금속이온인 Co(II), Ni(II) 및 Cu(II)의 ammonium pyrrolidine dlthiocarba-mate(APDC) 착물을 용매추출하기 위한 기초적인 연구를 수행하였다. 킬레이트제인 $4{\times}10^{-5}M$ APDC의 클로로포름에 대한 추출에서 가장 큰 분포비 (log D=1.3543)는 pH 2.0에서 나타났으며, 이때 분배계수($K_{p.HPDC}$)는 2.489였다. 수용액과 유기용매층에서 이들 착물의 UV/Vis 스펙트럼을 얻었는데, 안정한 착물을 형성하는 pH는 각각 Co(II):5.0, Ni(II):8.0 및 Cu(II):8.0이었고 금속이온과 APDC는 1:2의 착물을 형성하였으며, 1분만 흔들어 주어도 정량적으로 유기층에 분배되었다. 유기용매로의 분배 및 추출평형을 조사하기 위하여, $M(PDC)_2$ 착물을 합성하여 클로로포름에 $10.0{\mu}g/ml$가 되게 녹이고, HCl 용액과 NaOH 용액으로 pH를 조절한 수용액으로 역추출을 하였다. 분포비와 추출률은 $Co(PDC)_2$의 경우 PH6.5~8.5에서 log D=2.834 : E(%)=99.a%9 $Ni( PDC)_2$는 pH 11.0에서 log D=5.699 : E(%)=100%, 그리고 $Cu(PDC)_2$는 pH 6.0에서 log D=2.025 : E(%)=99.1%의 최대값을 나타내었다. 추출상수와 착물의 생성상수는 각각 $Co(PDC)_2$는 log $K_{ex}=9.671$ : log ${\beta}_2=6.938$, $Ni(PDC)_2$는 log $K_{ex}=9.646$ : log ${\beta}_2=7.071$, $Cu(PDC)_2$는 log $K_{ex}=9.074$ : log ${\beta}_2=7.049$였다. 이런 결과들로부터 흔적량 금속이온을 분리 농축하는 최적의 추출과정을 작성할 수 있으며, 정밀소재 및 환경시료 등에서 매트릭스의 영향없이 정량할 수 있음이 기대된다.

• 대한치과의사협회지
• /
• 제50권1호
• /
• pp.13-21
• /
• 2012

In an edentulous situation, the dentist must make several determinations when constructing artificial teeth. These include vertical and horizontal relationships of mandible with respect to the maxilla, occlusal form and position, vertical dimension, occlusal relationships during both centric closure and eccentric excursive movements. Artificial teeth are attached to a movable base resting on movable and displaceable living tissue subject to damage. They act as a unit; therefore, they must be arranged to function as a unit. Bilateral balanced occlusion is that stability of the denture is attained when bilateral contacts ex ist throughout all dynamic and static states of the denture during function. Lateral excursion in a balanced scheme implies simultaneous working side and nonworking side contact, while occlusal contacts are maintained on both anterior and posterior teeth as the mandible moves anteriorly into protrusion.