• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.74-79
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• 2008

Zinc plays a protective role in anti-atherosclerosis but the clear mechanism has not been proposed yet. In the present study, we evaluated whether zinc modulates atherosclerotic markers, VACM-1 and ICAM-1 and cell viability both in endothelial cells in vitro and mouse aortic cell viability ex vivo. In study 1, as in vitro model, endothelial EA.hy926 cells were treated with $TNF{\alpha}$ for 5 hours for inducing oxidative stress, and then treated with Zn-adequacy ($15\;{\mu}M$ Zn) or Zn-deficiency ($0\;{\mu}M$ Zn) for 6 hours. Pro-atherosclerosis factors, VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 mRNA expression and cell viability was measured. In study 2, as ex vivo model, mouse aorta ring was used. Mourse aorta was removed and cut in ring then, cultured in a 96-well plate. Aortic ring was treated with various $TNF{\alpha}$ (0-30 mg/ml) and intracellular zinc chelator, N, N, N', N', -tetrakis (2-pyridylmethyl) ethylenediamine (TPEN, $0-30\;{\mu}M$) for cellular zinc depletion for 2 days and then cell viability was measured. The results showed that in in vitro study, Zn-adequate group induced more VCAM-1 & ICAM-1 mRNA expression than Zn-deficient group during 6-hour zinc treatment post-5 hour TNF-$\alpha$ treatment, unexpectedly. These results might be cautiously interpreted that zinc would biologically induce the early expression of anti-oxidative stress through the increased adhesion molecule expression for reducing atherosclerotic action, particularly under the present 6-hour zinc treatment. In ex vivo, mouse aortic ring cell viability was decreased as TNF-$\alpha$ and TPEN levels increased, which suggests that mouse aortic blood vessel cell viability was decreased, when oxidative stress increases and cellular zinc level decreases. Taken together, it can be suggested that zinc may have a protective role in anti-atherosclerosis by cell viability in endothelial cells and aorta tissue. Further study is needed to clarify how pro-atherosclerosis molecule expression is modulated by zinc.

• 셀메드
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.19.1-19.6
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• 2012

$Capparis$ $zeylanica$ Linn. a 'Rasayana' drug is used for its memory enhancing effects in the traditional Ayurvedic system of medicine. The aim of this study was to evaluate acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory and memory enhancing activities of $Capparis$ $zeylanica$ Linn. The$in-vitro$ and $ex-vivo$ models of AChE inhibitory activity were used along with Morris water maze test to study the effect on memory in rats. The anticholinesterase effect of methanolic and aqueous extracts of $Capparis$ $zeylanica$ was measured by spectrophotometric Ellman method at 0.1, 0.3, 1.0, 3.0, 10 and 30 mg/ml and brain monoamine oxidase (MAO-A and MAO-B) activity was assessed by Naoi's method. The results $in-vitro$ and $ex-vivo$ AChE assay revealed that methanolic and aqueous extracts of $Capparis$ $zeylanica$ inhibit AChE activity, whereas these extracts did not alter MAO activity at any concentration tested as compared to moclobemide and L-deprenyl. The results indicate that $Capparis$ $zeylanica$ improves scopolamine-induced memory deficits through inhibition of AChE activity, and not by direct MAO inhibition.

• 한국해양바이오학회지
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.15-25
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• 2011

Marine sponges are a rich source of highly diversified bioactive compounds. These medicinally valuable molecules represent extreme physiological and ecological functions in sponges, more presumably involving in the resistance to the feeding by other marine organisms like fish and fouling by barnacles, bacteria, fungi, etc. This feature of attaining resistance made sponges as successful poriferans that possess an impressive array of biological properties ranging from antimicrobial to anticancerous activities. The diversified bioactive principle of sponges might be due to their spacio-temporal distribution and although, the gateway for exploiting the sponges for isolating these distinct, potential molecules is open, suitable technical and methodological approaches are yet to be implemented in order to bring the sponges as successful pharmaceutical leads in the field of marine biotechnology. Despite of the identified difficulties of marine sponge research from past few decades, one should concentrate not only on the basic and applied technical/methodological considerations, but also on the novel strategies like in vitro sponge cell, fragment and whole sponge culture; sponge symbiont cell culture; in situ and ex situ sponge cultivation; and sponge bioreactors and metagenomic approaches, for the successful exploitation of marine sponges towards the novelty in sponge biotechnology. The present review narrates the pros and cons of the nowadays-marine sponge research by focusing on the suggestive ecobiotechnological approaches, based on the latest studies for feasible ecological exploitation and biotechnological application of sponges from the sea.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.528-533
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• 2002

To evaluate the antithrombotic and antiallergic properties of rhaponticin extracted from Rhei Rhizoma, the in vitro and ex vivo inhibitory activities of rhaponticin and its metabolite, rhapontigenin, were measured. These compounds inhibited in vitro ADP- and collagen-induced platelet aggregation. Rhapontigenin was more potent, with $IC_{50}$ values of 4 and $70{\;}{\mu}g/ml$, respectively. In ex vivo ADP- and collagen-induced rat platelet aggregation, these compounds also exhibited a potent inhibitory effect. The antiplatelet aggregation effects of rhaponticin and rhapontigenin were more potent than those of aspirin. Rhapontigenin showed significant protection from death due to pulmonary thrombosis in mice. Rhapontigenin also showed the strongest inhibitory activity against $\beta-hexosaminidase$ release induced by DNP-BSA. These compounds inhibited PCA reaction in mice. Rhapontigenin intraperitoneally administered showed the strongest inhibitory activity and significantly inhibited PCA at doses of 25 and 50 mg/kg, with inhibitory activities of 48 and 85%, respectively. The inhibitory activity of orally administered rhaponticin was stronger than that of intraperitoneally administered rhaponticin. These results suggest that rhaponticin, in the rhizome of Rhei Rhizoma, is a prodrug that has extensive antiallergic and antithrombotic properties.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.409-420
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• 2013

Human serum (HS) has been reported to induce aggregation of human eyelid adipose-derived stem cells (HEACs) during high-density culture in vitro. The present study focused on the role of cell adhesion molecules and gelatinases during HS-induced aggregation of HEACs. HS-induced aggregation occurred between 9-15 days of culture. Cells aggregated by HS medium (HS-agg) showed stronger expression of ${\alpha}2$, ${\alpha}2B$, ${\alpha}X$, and CEACAM1 genes compared to non-aggregated cells in HS medium (HS-ex) or in control FBS-cultured cells. HS-agg were distinctly labeled with antibodies against ${\alpha}2$, ${\alpha}2B$, and ${\alpha}X$ proteins. Western blot results demonstrated that the two integrin proteins were greatly expressed in HS-agg compared to HS-ex and control FBS-cultured cells. Treatment of HEACs with anti-integrin ${\alpha}2$ antibody during culture in HS medium delayed aggregation formation. HS-agg exhibited strong expression of MMP1 and MMP9 compared to HS-ex or FBS-cultured cells. Conditioned media from HS-culture showed remarkable increase of MMP9 gelatinolytic activity in comparison to those from FBS-culture. However, there was no change of TIMP mRNA expression in relation to the HS-induced aggregation. Based on these results, it is suggested that integrin ${\alpha}2$, ${\alpha}2B$, and ${\alpha}X$, and MMP9 might play an important role in the HS-induced aggregation of HEACs.

• 대한화장품학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한화장품학회 2003년도 IFSCC Conference Proceeding Book II
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• pp.87-107
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• 2003

It was demonstrated that Transactivating transcriptional activator(TAT) protein from HIV-1 shown to enter cells when added to the surrounding media. TAT peptide chemically attached to various proteins was able to deliver these proteins to various cell and even in tissues in mice with high levels in heart and spleen. In this study, the tripeptide GKH(Glycine-Lysine-Histidine) derived from Parathyroid hormone (PTH), which was known as lipolytic peptide, is attached to 9-poly Lysine(TAT) to be used as a cosmetic ingredient for slimming products. When Glycerol release, expressed as extracellular glycerol concentration, is lipolysis index, TAT-GKH at $10^{-5}$mo1/L induces approximately 41.5% maximal lipolytic effects in epididymal adipocytes isolated from rats, compared with basal lipolysis. Epididymal adipose tissues of male rats is assessed ex vivo by microdialysis. Probes are perfused with Ringer solution in which increasing concentrations of TAT-GKH. The perfusion of TAT-GKH induces lipolytic effect. Penetration study showed that TAT-GKH efficiently elevates 36 times higher penetration into the excised hairless mice skin than GKH. in vivo study showed that TAT-GKH had a better effect upon the relative volume of eye bag after 28 days of application on twenty(+2) healthy female volunteers. It was identified that TAT-GKH increases penetration enhancement and lipolytic effects in both in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.624-630
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• 2004

발아에 의한 거대배아미와 유색미의 기능성 변화를 항산화 활성에 중심을 두고 조사하였다. 전반적으로 환원력은 일반현미보다 거대배아미와 유색미가 높았고, 발아처리는 환원력을 증가시키는 경향이 있었다. 지질과산화에 대한 억제효과를 조사한 결과, in vitro의 linoleic acid peroxidation system 및 ex vivo의 토끼 적혈구 막지질 과산화 system 모두에서 억제효과도 유색미가 가장 높았고, 그 다음이 거대배아미, 일반현미의 순서로 나타났다. Superoxide radical에 대한 소거활성은 유색미>거대배아미>일반현미의 순서로 낮아졌으며, 무발아 조건과 비교할 때 발아처리는 라디칼에 대한 소거활성을 증진시켰다. Hydroxyl radical 소거활성도 유색미가 가장 높았으며, 그 다음이 거대배아미, 일반현미의 순서였다. 발아에 의하여 일반현미의 hydroxyl radical 소거활성을 급격히 증가되었지만, 발아미간에 소거활성의 순위는 변하지 않았다. In vitro에서 조사된 ROS 소거활성과 같은 경향이 HL-60 세포에서 TPA로 자극으로 발생된 ROS에 대한 소거활성에서도 나타났다. 실험 결과, 유색미와 거대배아미에서는 발아와 연관되어 세포독성의 증가가 발견되지 않는 차별적인 ROS 소거활성의 증가 현상이 발견되었다.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.119-125
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• 2016

Objective: The aim of this study was to report a case series of in vitro matured (IVM) oocyte freezing in gynecologic cancer patients undergoing radical surgery under time constraints as an option for fertility preservation (FP). Methods: Case series report. University-based in vitro fertilization center. Six gynecologic cancer patients who were scheduled to undergo radical surgery the next day were referred for FP. The patients had endometrial (n=2), ovarian (n=3), and double primary endometrial and ovarian (n=1) cancer. Ex vivo retrieval of immature oocytes from macroscopically normal ovarian tissue was followed by mature oocyte freezing after IVM or embryo freezing with intracytoplasmic sperm injection. Results: A total of 53 oocytes were retrieved from five patients, with a mean of 10.6 oocytes per patient. After IVM, a total of 36 mature oocytes were obtained, demonstrating a 67.9% maturation rate. With regard to the ovarian cancer patients, seven IVM oocytes were frozen from patient 3, who had stage IC cancer, whereas one IVM oocyte was frozen from patient 4, who had stage IV cancer despite being of a similar age. With regard to the endometrial cancer patients, 15 IVM oocytes from patient 1 were frozen. Five embryos were frozen after the fertilization of IVM oocytes from patient 6. Conclusion: Immature oocytes can be successfully retrieved ex vivo from macroscopically normal ovarian tissue before radical surgery. IVM oocyte freezing provides a possible FP option in patients with advanced-stage endometrial or ovarian cancer without the risk of cancer cell spillage or time delays.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제82권3호
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• pp.221-226
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• 1993

상수리나무 유묘(幼苗)로부터 기내증식(器內增殖)된 줄기를 재료(材料)로 BA 단독 혹은 BA와 zeatin이 혼합첨가(混合添加)된 멸균수(滅菌水)와 WPM 액체배지(液體培地)에 BA 혹은 BA와 zeatin이 혼합첨가(混合添加)된 용액(溶液)의 pulse 처리(處理)에 의한 줄기증식(增殖) 효과(效果)를 검토(檢討)하였다. 또한 기내증식중(器內增殖中)인 상수리나무, 굴참나무, 졸참나무 및 신갈나무를 재료(材料)로 peat plug를 이용한 기외삽목(器外揷木)을 실시(實施)하였다. BA 혹은 BA와 zeatin이 혼합(混合)된 멸균수(滅菌水) 처리(處理)에는 앞서 기술한 액체배지(液體培地)와 함께 처리한 것보다 증식효과(增殖效果)는 감소(減少)되었으나 줄기생장은 다소 양호(良好)하였다. 처리(處理)는 1시간 처리하였을때 유효(有效)하였으며, 처리시간(處理時間)이 길어질수록 줄기발생 및 생장(生長)이 감소(減少)되며 유리화 현상이 나타났다. BA의 단독처리(單獨處理)는 BA와 zeatin의 혼합처리(混合處理)보다 증식(增殖)에 효과적(效果的)인 반면 건전한 줄기의 유도는 BA와 zeatin의 혼합첨가(混合添加)가 주효(主效)하였다. Peat plug를 이용한 기외삽목(器外揷木)에서 상수리나무와 굴참나무는 높은 발근력(發根力)이 유지되어 실용적(實用的) 응용(應用)이 가능(可能)하였으나, 졸참나무와 신갈나무는 정단괴저(頂端壞疽)로 고사(枯死)되어 발근력(發根力)이 저조(低調)하였다. 본(本) 연구(硏究)는 pulse 처리(處理)에 의한 줄기증식(增殖) 및 peat plug를 이용한 기외삽목(器外揷木)의 효과(效果)와 그 문제점(問題點) 등(等)을 검토(檢討)하였다.

• BMB Reports
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.209-220
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• 1998

How did nature create the first set of genes at the beginning of life on Earth? One of the goals of molecular biology is to elucidate the fundamental rules governing how genes and, therefore, proteins were created. Through experiments carried out in the emerging field of "in vitro" or "benchtop" evolution studies, we are gaining new insights into the origins of genes and proteins as well as the origins of their functions (e.g., catalysis). In this review, I present an overview of recent experimental approaches to the question of the origin and evolution of genes. In addition, I will introduce a novel in vitro protein emergence system that was recently developed in my laboratory.