• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.67 no.3
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• pp.151-180
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• 2015

This study aimed to develop a scale to measure physical health behaviors among social work clients using general services. The scale items were constructed based on literature review and FGI of social workers. Exploratory factor analysis and confirmative factor analysis affirmed the factor structure of Physical Health Behavior Scale with two sub-scales: Health Promotion Behavior Scale and Health Hindrance Behavior Scale. Promotion Scale had 7 factors and Hindrance Scale had 5 factors. Both sub-scales showed acceptable ranged goodness-of-fit for the model, and internal consistency test proved that the scale was reliable. The analyses of discriminant validity, convergent validity, and concurrent validity resulted significant validation. Based on those results, the developed Physical Health Behavior Scale were proved well-constructed, reliable and valid. The Scale will be utilized for both clients in general to check their own health related behaviors and social workers to adopt as a tool for assessment in order to perform an evidence based practice.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.288-295
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• 2015

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Emerging evidence shows that eating breakfast and breakfast types may be associated with health outcomes and dietary intakes in various populations. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between breakfast types in Korean adults with their daily nutrient intakes and health outcomes. SUBJECTS/METHODS: A total of 11,801 20- to 64-year-old adults (age $42.9{\pm}11.8$ yrs [$mean{\pm}standard$ error of the mean]; male 41.1%, female 58.9%) in 2007-2009 Korean National Health and Nutrition Survey data were divided into 5 groups based on breakfast types in a 24-hr dietary recall: rice with 3 or more side dishes (Rice3+, 35.3%), rice with 0-2 side dishes (Rice0-2, 34.73%), noodles (1.56%), bread and cereal (6.56%), and breakfast skipping (21.63%). Daily nutrient intakes and the risk of metabolic syndrome were compared among five groups. RESULTS: Compared with Korean Recommended Nutrient Intake levels, the breakfast-skipping group showed the lowest intake level in most nutrients, whereas the Rice3+ group showed the highest. Fat intake was higher in the bread and noodle groups than in the other groups. When compared with the Rice3+ group, the odds ratios for the risk of obesity and metabolic syndrome were increased in the breakfast skipping, Rice0-2, and noodle groups after controlling for confounding variables. CONCLUSIONS: The rice-based breakfast group showed better nutritional status and health outcomes when eating with 3 or more side dishes. Nutrition education is needed to emphasize both the potential advantage of the rice-based, traditional Korean diet in terms of nutritional content and the importance of food diversity.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.324-335
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to propose a revised Clinical Ladder System(CLS) Model for nurses based on the evaluation of clinical competence and professional activities of nurses working in general hospitals. Methods: Data were collected between September 10 and October 30, 2017. Participants were 50 head nurses from 10 general hospitals with over 400 beds located in Seoul City and Gyeonggi Province. Each head nurse evaluated clinical competence, qualifications, and professional activities of 5 staff nurses at each of the 5 levels of CLS in her unit. The total number of the nurses evaluated was 245. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics and t-test, one-way ANOVA, and $Scheff{\acute{e}}$. Results: Over 80% of the nurses were university graduates. As the CLS levels increased, clinical competence, qualifications, and professional activities also increased significantly. Education material development and quality improvement activities were carried out by nurses from level 2, research and evidence based practice activities were carried out from level 3, and nurses at level 4 or 5 participated in most of the professional activities as leaders. Conclusion: In order to retain excellent nurses in general hospitals, recognizing and rewarding nurses according to the revised model of the CLS are recommended.

• Acta Via Serica
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.151-160
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• 2018

There is a variety of opinions about the first translation activities within the Turkic Empire. It is widely believed that some Buddhist sutras were translated into the Turkic language in the period of Taspar Qagan (572-581). This theory is based on certain arguments: Some Turks practiced Buddhism, Buddhist monks translated sutras in the center of the Turkic Empire, Taspar brought sutras from China and had them translated, and the monarch of Northern Qi had a sutra translated and sent to Taspar. However, in my opinion, these arguments lack credibility. This article, which is based on primary Chinese sources, will question the likelihood of such translation activities having occurred. Some Chinese records for these claims exist: Da Tang Nei Dian Lu (大唐內典錄) and Xu Gao Seng Chuan (續高僧傳) by the Buddhist monk Jinagupta and the records of Hui Lin in Sui Shu (隋書) and Wen Xian Tong Kao (文獻通考). These are known as "primary sources." Secondary sources, namely contemporary history and language studies, such as those in books and articles, must be based on primary sources. It can be seen that claims relating to the first Turkic translation activities at the time of Taspar are mainly derived from secondary sources, and that the arguments in these secondary sources vary. Sometimes researchers make suppositions on the existence of information that is not referred to in primary sources. However, this is not normal practice. If a researcher relies on unknowns for the evidence of information existing, it can cause false information, ideas and anachronisms to be created. It is important that primary sources, such as the Chinese sources mentioned above, be translated correctly in language and history studies. If only a word is mistranslated, very different results may occur. Mistranslating or misinterpreting a primary source allows conclusions to be reached that are not supported by dissemination of information from primary sources. This can mislead experts and result in information that is not correct being considered as being true. As well as helping to prevent such misinterpretations occurring, another aim of this paper is to question the interpretations of the first Turkic translations in contemporary studies on history and language. The origin of such assessments will be explored and the validity of that information will be examined.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.399-409
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• 2019

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: This study was designed to provide scientific evidence on the effectiveness of worksite-based dietary intervention to reduce obesity among overweight/obese employees. MATERIALS/METHODS: Electronic search was performed using Ovid Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, and CINAHL databases. The keywords used were "obesity," "nutrition therapy," and "worksite." The internal validity of the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was assessed using the Cochrane's Risk of Bias. Meta-analysis of selected studies was performed using Review Manager 5.3. RESULTS: A total of seven RCTs with 2,854 participants were identified. The effectiveness of dietary interventions was analyzed in terms of changes in weight, body mass index (BMI), total cholesterol, and blood pressure. The results showed that weight decreased with weighted mean difference (WMD) of -4.37 (95% confidence interval (CI): -6.54 to -2.20), but the effectiveness was statistically significant only in short-term programs < 6 months (P = 0.001). BMI also decreased with WMD of -1.26 (95% CI: -1.98 to -0.55), but the effectiveness was statistically significant only in short-term programs < 6 months (P = 0.001). Total cholesterol decreased with WMD of -5.57 (95% CI: -9.07 to -2.07) mg/dL, demonstrating significant effectiveness (P = 0.002). Both systolic (WMD: -4.90 mmHg) and diastolic (WMD: -2.88 mmHg) blood pressure decreased, demonstrating effectiveness, but with no statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS: The worksite-based dietary interventions for overweight/obese employees showed modest short-term effects. These interventions can be considered successful because weight loss was below approximately 5-10 kg of the initial body weight, which is the threshold for the management of obesity recommended by the Scottish Intercollegiate Guideline Network (SIGN).

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.79 no.4
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• pp.214-233
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• 2016

There is no well-stated practical guideline for mechanically ventilated patients with or without acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). We generate strong (1) and weak (2) grade of recommendations based on high (A), moderate (B) and low (C) grade in the quality of evidence. In patients with ARDS, we recommend low tidal volume ventilation (1A) and prone position if it is not contraindicated (1B) to reduce their mortality. However, we did not support high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (1B) and inhaled nitric oxide (1A) as a standard treatment. We also suggest high positive end-expiratory pressure (2B), extracorporeal membrane oxygenation as a rescue therapy (2C), and neuromuscular blockage for 48 hours after starting mechanical ventilation (2B). The application of recruitment maneuver may reduce mortality (2B), however, the use of systemic steroids cannot reduce mortality (2B). In mechanically ventilated patients, we recommend light sedation (1B) and low tidal volume even without ARDS (1B) and suggest lung protective ventilation strategy during the operation to lower the incidence of lung complications including ARDS (2B). Early tracheostomy in mechanically ventilated patients can be performed only in limited patients (2A). In conclusion, of 12 recommendations, nine were in the management of ARDS, and three for mechanically ventilated patients.

• International Area Studies Review
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.447-466
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• 2011

This paper examined the supply chain management Integration factors and environmental performance in Korean industry. Focusing on SCM Integration, GreenSCM practice, and environmental performance factors, purpose of this study is finding linkage between SCM Integration factors with new environmental practice factors and environmental performance. Based on the analysis of eighty-eight cases, the following results were found. First, We found External environmental collaboration factors and Internal environmental monitoring factors within Green Supply Chain Practices. Second, SCM Integration have a positively significant influence on environmental performance. Third, Internal environmental monitoring factors have a positively significant influence on Environmental performance but External environmental collaboration factors doesn't. This study suggests that only with high level of Integration firms may have good result on entire supply chain environmental performance. Finally, our empirical evidence shows that company should be prepared for new environmental trade regulation with Green Supply chain management integration.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Sensory Integration
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.69-84
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• 2024

Objective : This study aimed to provide an overview of task-oriented approaches for children with developmental coordination disorder, including its definition, diagnosis, causes, and assessment, through a literature review. Subject : Eighteen international articles published between January 2000 and September 2023 were analyzed to explore the intervention strategies of Neuromotor Task Training (NTT) and Cognitive Orientation to daily Occupational Performance (CO-OP). The objectives of the interventions mentioned in the reviewed articles were categorized according to the criteria of the Occupational Therapy Practice Framework-4 (OTPF-4). The results showed that NTT more frequently set goals in the area of client factors, while CO-OP set goals only in the area of occupation. This difference in goal setting can be explained by the strategy differences between the two interventions. Conclusion : A broader and deeper understanding of strategies for interventions with task-oriented approaches to developmental coordination disorder can increase awareness of the disorder and provide a more solid basis for evidence-based practice.

• Korean Journal of School Psychology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.165-180
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• 2020

As a tiered system of supports, School-Wide Positive Behavior Support (SWPBS) is an evidence-based practice in the educational system of Korea. An important aspect of SWPBS is the ongoing progress monitoring and evaluation of implementation fidelity. This study aimed to develop and validate the Korean Tier 3 School-Wide Positive Behavior Support Implementation Fidelity Checklist (KT3-FC). The preliminary KT3-FC consisted of a 37-item, 6-factor checklist. In the first phase of the study, 10 experts reported that the range of content validity of the KT3-FC was adequate. In the second phase of the study, 185 teachers (52 men and 133 women) who implemented SWPBS completed the KT3-FC, Individualized Supports Questionnaire, School Climate Questionnaire, School Discipline Practice Scale, and PBS Effectiveness Scale. An exploratory factor analysis resulted in a 5-factor structure, with 20 items, instead of 37 items, consisting of: (a) progress monitoring and evaluation of the individualized supports, (b) provision of supports by aligning and integrating mental health and SWPBS, (c) crisis management planning, (d) problem behavior assessment, and (e) establishment of individualized support team. The internal consistency of the KT3-FC was good (full scale α = .950, sub-factor α = .888 ~ .954). In addition, the KT3-FC showed good convergent validity, having statistically significant correlations with the Individualized Support Questionnaire, School Climate Questionnaire, School Discipline Practice Scale, and the PBS Effectiveness Scale. Finally, the confirmatory factor analysis showed that the 5-factor model of the KT3-FC had some good model fits, indicating that the newly developed fidelity measure could be a reliable and valid tool to assess the implementation of Tier 3 supports in Korean schools. Accordingly, the KT3-FC could contribute to implement SWPBS as an evidence-based behavioral intervention for Korean students.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.417-428
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• 2022

This study analyzed the frequency and level of scientific practices presented in secondary science textbooks. A total of 1,378 student activities presented in 14 middle school science textbooks and 5 high school integrated science textbooks were analyzed, using the definition and level of scientific practice suggested in the NGSS. Findings show that most student activities focus on three practices. Compared to the textbooks for the previous science curriculum, the practice of 'obtaining, evaluating, and communicating information' was more emphasized, reflecting societal changes due to ICT development. However, the practice of 'asking a question', which can be an important element of student-led science learning, was still rarely found in textbooks, and 'developing and using models', 'using math and computational thinking' and 'arguing based on evidence' were not addressed much. The practices were mostly elementary school level except for the practice of 'constructing explanations'. Such repeated exposures to a few and low level of practices mean that many future citizens would be led to a naïve understanding of science. The findings imply that it is necessary to emphasize various practices tailored to the level of students. In the upcoming revision of the science curriculum, it is necessary to provide the definition of practices that are not currently specified and the expected level of each practice so that the curriculum can provide sufficient guidance for textbook writing. These efforts should be supported by benchmarking of overseas science curriculum and research that explore students' ability and teachers' understanding of scientific practices.