• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 2011.04a
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• pp.100-105
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 재실자의 밀도가 높은 지하상가는 공간의 특성상 화재가 발생할 경우 다량의 유독가스의 발생 및 연기의 이동경로와 인간의 피난경로 일치로 인하여 피난안전에 큰 위험성이 있다고 사료된다. 이에 지하철 역사와 연결되어 있는 지하상가를 선정 후, 일본 피난안전성평가수법과 FDS(Fire Dynamic Simulator) 및 SIMULEX를 이용하여 비교 분석을 하였으며, 그 결과, 화재발생 후 6분이 경과 시 위험한 것으로 판단되었다. 그에 대한 대책으로 자연 배연구를 설치하여 시뮬레이션 수행을 한 결과 가시도확보 및 각 출구에서의 온도가 하강하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.1-6
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• 2008

`SOS', Simulator Of Safety assessment for fire, was developed to simulate fire safety assessment for a structure which is geometrically complex. The program(SOS) is intended to use for searching as well as designing tools to analyse the evacuation safety through a wide range of structure conditions. The computer program has a function which importing FDS's calculating results to each individual resident in the structure. These attributes include a walking speed reduction by producing visibility reduction for each person on the fire. $A^*$ pathfinding algorithm is adopted to calculate the simulation of escape movement, overtaking, route deviation, and adjustments individual speeds in accordance with the proximity of crowd members. This SOS program contributes to a computer package that evaluates the fire safety assessment of individual occupants as they walk towards, and through the exits especially for building, underground spaces like a subway or tunnel.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.157-166
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• 2009

There is a growing interest in ubiquitous-related research and applications. Among them, GPS-based LBS have been developed and used actively. Recently, with the increase of large size buildings and disastrous events, indoor spaces are getting attention and related research activities are being carried out. Core technologies regarding indoor applications may include 3D indoor data modeling and localization sensor techniques that can integrate with indoor data. However, these technologies have not been standardized and established enough to be applied to indoor implementation. Thus, in this paper, we propose a method to build a relatively simple 3D indoor data modeling technique that can be applied to indoor location based applications. The proposed model takes the form of 2D-based multi-layered structure and has capability for 2D and 3D visualization. We tested three prototype applications using the proposed model; CA(cellular automata)-based 3D evacuation simulation, network-based routing, and indoor moving objects tracking using a stereo camera.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.22 no.7
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• pp.782-790
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• 2016

When a fire occurs on a ship that has mechanical ventilation facilities, the air supply and exhaust systems directly effect smoke diffusion. And there is a high possibility that occupant's visibility will be harmed because of smoke. In this study, the effects and risks of air supply and exhaust systems with regard to smoke diffusion given a shipboard fire analyzed with a Fire Dynamic Simulator(FDS). Suggested measures are also provided for using air supply and exhaust systems more efficiently. The results showed that, when air supply and exhaust systems were both working at the time of a fire, rather than stopping these systems as previously encouraged, continuing to operate both was an effective measure to gain evacuation time. When a fire occurred and the exhaust system was operating, also starting the air supply system near the origin of the fire was another effective approach to gain evacuation time. However, when only the air supply system was operating and a fire occurred, the air supply system accelerated smoke diffusion, so it was necessary to stop the air supply system to detect smoke diffusion as much as possible.

• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.1-11
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• 2016

The floor field model (hereafter referred to as FFM) is a cellular automata (hereafter referred to as CA)-based walk model used to model pedestrian behavior. Existing studies on FFM conducted experiments with simple structures (that have one room or one obstacle in a room) or relatively complicated structures (that have many rooms). In order to apply the FFM to real buildings, it is necessary to have additional methodologies to process information about the number of rooms, floors, stairs, and exit doors. In particular, it is necessary to process exit doors during this procedure. Exit doors that are recognized by pedestrians are of many types such as exit doors in rooms, stairs connected to corridors, and exit doors in a building. When calculating the static floor field (hereafter referred to as SFF) in the FFM, information about exit doors is needed and simulation results will be different depending on how the SFF is calculated using an exit door among the above-mentioned exit doors. In this study, an XML-format building data model is proposed according to data structures required by the FFM. This study also defines a methodology to process a number of exit doors. Accordingly, this study developed a building data construction and evacuation simulator and simulation experiments were conducted with university campus building.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.85-90
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• 2011

This study of the vestibule of pressurizing smoke control system installed in domestic high-rise buildings for evacuation in case of fire, when the door is open to forming characteristics of the air flow was analyzed using fire dynamics simulator and analyzed of variance. Vestibule which is compartment of the design condition, air flow in the exhaust damper was formed severe turbulence confirming preceding research. The door position is in the range of formed vortex, unsteady flow of air occurs at the point that the door could be confirmed. According to the NFSC 501A, door to symmetrically separate the average of 10 points or more as measured from the average of wind speed to do is based. Under these conditions, it is difficult to measure the characteristics of the upper air flow of upper points. so measuring points are subdivided by more than 64 points method presented in TAB because severe deviation of wind speed.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.38-44
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• 2015

FDS (Fire Dynamics Simulator) is the most widely used computational fluid dynamics software in the fire safety engineering community, and it is applicable to various evaluations of fire growth and its effects. This study made use of a range of outputs from FDS simulation to predict FED (Fractional Effective Concentration) and FEC (Fractional Effective Concentration) levels which are often adopted to evaluate toxicity of fire smoke. As it is not possible to calculate these values directly from outputs of FDS, it was necessary to produce them by means of additional calculation procedures incorporating results of evacuation simulation. In this study, the latest version of FDS, which was recently updated in November 2013, was utilized for the purpose of quantitative comparison with the old version of FDS. As a result, it was found that they make about 10 percent difference on average in predicting FED and FEC levels for the cable fire case study.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.34-41
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• 2011

This research examines problem that can happen in partial smoke control method among contiguity area smoke control system through engineering examination and CFD. And the ultimate purpose of this is to secure safety of a person inhabiting at fire department by presenting improvement plan. Now a days, in large space-area such as department store or mega-mall in which mainly applies "Partial Smoke Control Method", air is suppled from adjacent area and smoke is exhausted in fire room. For various reason, however, it is confirmed through simulation that if air is suppled in one direction, this can cause a fatal result to people of fire area because of the difficulty in securing the evacuation time. As an improvement plan, air is supplied at the same time in surroundings to fire department.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.14-19
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• 2016

When an interior fire occurs in an apartment building, pollution of the entrance area by fire smoke before an air fan operates makes the evacuation of people very difficult aswhen the fire doors are opened. Numerical simulations using Fire Dynamics Simulator were conducted to determine the impact of a sprinkler on the fire flow velocity. The fire flow velocity was compared depending on the presence of sprinklers and the sprayed droplet size. The configuration and actual dimensions of an apartment building were used in the numerical simulations. The simulation results showed that fire flow velocity becomes smaller when a sprinkler is installed. In addition, the smaller droplet size results in a smaller fire flow velocity because smaller droplets can be evaporated more easily.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.21 no.1 s.73
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• pp.35-40
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• 2006

A study on fire phenomena in a subway transit mass station has been carried out as a part of disaster prevention plan at the subway station. The ventilation facilities installed in both the platform and the trackway are designed to convert into a smoke exhaust system in emergency situation, creating such an environment as necessary for evacuation. 3 dimensional Numerical Simulations based on the CFD are carried out using a simulation tool, Fire Dynamic Simulator. Additionally, four different vent modes are made and performances are compared with the original design mode and each other to find better operation of vents at both the platform and the trackway in case of fire. From the result, an vent operational characteristics under the condition of installed PSD is clarified for the effective smoke and heat removal from the platform area compared with non installed PSD.