• Lingua Humanitatis
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.33-63
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• 2001

This article does not deal with a theory or theories in the usual sense of the term but rather harks back to its etymological source, theorein ' to look at.' The phrase 'theory of language' thus purports a 'view of language' and does not carry the force of scientific explication of language. In fact, the word ' scientific' or 'science' per se originates from scire 'to know' and is here to be considered not so much in regard to some kind of positivistic methodology as a form of knowledge. If this exposition sounds unduly ingenious, that is because one is caught up in all kinds of presuppositions about the words under consideration. Sometimes, when we come to grips with an issue that strikes our mind as truly important, our language, by the light of which we hope to proceed safely, plays the will-o'-the-wisp instead and leaves us in the middle of a murky maze, twisting what was at first blush a mere cinch into a Gordian knot. On such occasions, etymology comes along the way and sends us back to itself as its own principle: Resort to etymos logos 'original, true word'! The main thrust of the present study is that alongside the quantitative, positivistic thought there is another equally valuable mode of qualitative and humanistic thinking that makes a whole gamut of new and concrete investigations possible, that an integrated theory of language is Possible by way of a happy amalgamation of diversified, humanistic views of language. With this idea as the leitmotif we explore two models of theory which typically set themselves up for a 'scientific' approach to language: analytic philosophy that delves into what it calls logical simples, and contemporary linguistics that stubbornly teeters around some formal rigor or other. It is argued that they are both characterized by a looking away from the fluid, ill-definable aspects of language, giving a preference to segments and isolated facts as a means to avoid those larger wholes and totalities which if they had to be seen would in the long run lead to an uncomfortable state of mind. Language, in the final analysis, is a Protean entity: so capricious and multifarious, and yet so noetic and prophetic, that we should catch sight of its picturesque images in their entirety to give form to an integrated theory of language.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.418-428
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• 2022

Research on the birth (起源) and names (語源) of foods such as kimchi is important to understand traditional food culture. kimchi, an 'add flavored, fermented, pickled, vegetable food' was initially prepared with the simple purpose of increasing storage capabilities, but later, through a complex process of change, morphological diversification occurred. In addition to the basic name of 'kimchi', each variety has its unique name and history. This study was conducted through qualitative research using various research methods, such as oral records and interviews, as well as investigation of data from literature, including ancient literature, modern cookbooks, newspapers, magazines, papers, and videos. The study sought to investigate the context and the meaning of the name Chonggak kimchi. In addition, it is a compilation of how the name spread through the ages and evolved to its current name. The name Chonggak kimchi did not exist during the Joseon Dynasty and Japanese occupation and first appeared in the records in the late 1950s. Nevertheless, the original name of 'Altarimu kimchi' evolved and finally became a part of the standard Korean language (標準語) in 1988. In the process of the name spreading and becoming popular, the movie "Chonggak kimchi (1964)," starring Shin, S.I., and Eom, A.R. played a significant role. It was also confirmed that this was a meaningful and valuable case of contentization of traditional food culture, regardless of the intention behind the same.

• Design Convergence Study
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.203-216
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• 2017

There are many definitions around brand. It complexify academic literature. Thus, this study collected meaningful definitions among many statements about brand and analyzed and classified them by available perspectives. This is especially necessary contents in domestic brand study, which is short of concept research about brand. Various literatures are refereed to brand definition introduction. But to etymological definition, several European linguistic theses are deeply reviewed and to institutional definition, wide range of information such as history, law and society is refereed. Total brand definitions are classified in . It is divided into 2 parts which are non-commercial context (etymological and institutional definition) and commercial context (producer, customer and the relation or interaction between producer and customer). In etymological definition, the word origin is clear word 'brandr' which means 'burning wood' and cattle-brand made this 'brand'. In legal definition, legal and institutional meaning of 'trademark' is examined. Etymological definition and institutional definition are fundamental and lexical definition which show brand history. These are foundation stones in brand studies.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.61-77
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• 2011

This study focused on relevant rock names related to Sinsun(神仙) which had been settled as Taoist traces were combined with places. While interpreting major features of Sundoism relevant rocks, it also discussed types and places of rocks reflected in their names by considering distinct characteristics of landscape characters that ancestors viewed through the rocks or on the rocks. Conclusion of this study is summarized as follows. 1. Among the rock names related to Sinsun, the most frequently discovered one was Sinsunbawi(52) and followed by Sinsunbong(神仙峰: 38), Sinsundae(神仙臺: 31). Other than these, there were Gangsundae(降仙臺: 12), Sunyoodae (仙遊臺: 10) and Sasundae(四仙臺: 5). 2. In the name of Sinsundae, 'Dae(臺)' ascertains that it was located in greatly superb place in the aspects of viewpoint and appreciation where landscape superiority and overlook scenery were fair and outstanding. 3. Sinsunbong was named for a peak of mountain. At the same time, it implied a notion of worship with images of 'merging with sky' or 'looking up.' Most of time, Sinsunbong indicated the tallest rock in the mountain chain. 4. A significant number of Sinsunbong had names where legends of Sinsun's Go game or descent were originated from. It shows that 'Sinsun(仙) and Go game' used to be very important motives for folk etymology of Sinsun related rocks. Along with the Sinsundae, a number of Sinsunbawi were also turned out to exist in land and ocean with excellent marine view. 5. According to analysis of their altitudes and heights of the peaks where the rocks belong to, Sinsunbong, Sinsundae and Sinsunbawi were in order. It might indicate that the rocks were located on top of mountain or that Sinsunbong represented the mountain itself. Compared to this, Sinsundae was located in where distant panoramic views were overlooked. It was not necessarily to be in peak but in where with a great view like Taoist world. On the other hand, Sinsunbawi was located in where has fine scenery and great valley not so far from villages, which proved its name had been influenced by place feature not altitude. 6. Feature of rock with Sinsun related name is to comprise visual stability of worship object with close linkage to attitude of worshiper. Considering its deep connection with communicative method of worship object and worshiper, seemingly it was main factor to lead folk etymology of rocks with Sinsun related names. 7. Rock is an object with the greatest implication of Sinsun imagination and Sinsun rocks show most clearly the fact that Taoism, which used to be considered as inaccessible, had been actualized in a visual and realistic manner with the change of time.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.474-496
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• 2010

In this article I try to investigate fifteen place names presented in the area of Baekdu mountain and Duman river of "Daedongnyeojido". The aims of the investigation are to clear Jeongho Kim's understanding on the national boundary implicated in the map, to search the etymology of the place names, and to analyze the place names miswritten. Through the investigation it will be suggested that the map presents the idea of 'Tomun river = Duman river = Bungye river', and recognizes 'Abrok river-Jeonggyebi-Duman river' as the landmarks of the boundary between Joseon(Korea) and Qing(China). Through the etymological analysis of the place names it will be suggested that some place names(Bundonggang, Geongatoi, Sihuasan, Geolodong and Daedong) originated from Nuzhen(Manchurian), the other place names(Gulsan and Guambong) originated from Korean. The location of the place names will be suggested also.

• Korean Parent-Child Health Journal
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.182-200
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• 2004

Purpose: This study is to explore the essence of those lives who have been living with their mothers- in- law for more than 10years since their marriage by applying Van Manen's hermeneutic phenomenological methodology. It consists of four steps such as concentration on the nature of lived experience, existential research, hermeneutic phenomenological reflection and hermeneutic phenomenological writing. Method: Six middle aged participants who have been living with mothers- in- law in middle size of cities were interviewed and observed with their written consent for one month from 20, April. 2000 to 20 May 2000. To expand insight by analyzing sayings, folks stories, writings, etymology of sigipsalee relevant to it were collected and reviewed. Result: Five essential themes were derived by repeated reviewing the transcription of those interview such as difficulty living with endless heart distress, feeling oppressed, feeling deeply lonely, having a stronger backing as time passes, in turn harmonizing with each other. On the basis of the five essential theme hermeneutic phenomenological writing was done as follow. Participants lived lives filled with uneasy feeling from the newly formed relationship among in laws but especially with mothers- in- law. Participants did their best to be acknowledged found that at a significant moment during family event they would be treated as strangers so that they felt isolated and alone. Mothers in laws played a dominant role in most of family decision even buying their children's clothes. Mother in laws rarely complemented them so that they felt inferior as a person. As time passes. Mothers-in-law and daughters-in-law become adjusted to this lifestyle with each other and assumed a more mature relationship which includes a mutual respect thus better harmony. Participants become to have stronger backing so that they express their opinion to mothers-inlaw. With time both of them are getting old, participants show form of pity to their mothers-in- law. Sometimes participant surprise themselves by noticing a change in their behavior to the same pattern Mothers-in-law have showed them. Conclusion: Although generalizations have limitations, findings resulting from the study will enrich family nursing knowledge and understanding the problems when living with mothers-in- law in the same house. It will give a cleared view of problems faced by middle aged korean women in the Korean patriarchal culture. Researchers have recommended to study experiences of married young adult korean women's generation and the findings compared with this study to show trends and changes.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.21
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• pp.19-32
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• 2010

In this essay, Japanese independent animator Koji Yamamura's works were analyzed. As understood from etymology of 'anima', animation is the expression media in which creation of moving image is assumed to be essence. In the independent animation, possibility of animation to the essence shows by the most original and experimental method. And it contributes to diversification of the animation style. Yamamura keeps producing animation independently from the 1980's, and he designed and tried technique and theme of new ideas. Here, on Yamamura's early and after works, his animation method considered by analisis of experimental attempt in technique and theme. In the case of Yamamura, he variously experimented technique on his early works and it was made foundation. And, after , Yamamura searched by the method to harmonize form of animation with content treating drawing animation technique with allegorical theme. Especially, independent animation in Japan has developed growing spontaneously. Therefore the individual aesthetics of Japanese independent animators can be discovered indeed variously intheir creation activity and work. So the importance of independent animation is recognized by concretely analyzing the case of Japanese independent animator. In addition, the way used on the side of possibility of animation expression tries to be considered individual case.

• Lingua Humanitatis
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• v.6
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• pp.321-357
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• 2004

In this article the structure of modern Russian humor is analyzed on the basis of some theories: bi-sociation theory (Koestler 1964), semantic script theory of verbal humor, using the concept of semantic presupposition, pragmatic felicity condition (Searle 1969; Levinson 1983) and grammatical rules (Chomsky 1965). Up to now the listed former theories were not examined and less analyzed by the semantic structure in the study of the structure of Russian humor(HcaeBa 1969; 3 $a_{OPHOB}$ 1991; 1992). Kreps (1981), who analyzed the works of Zoschenko, presented 21 types of humor, using the term 'humoreme'(Kpenc 1981, 36-37). These types are the list of the available means of humor that work not in the base of semantic criteria, but in the base of means of literary rhetoric. Kreps presented types of humor means, such as contradiction, antonymic substitution, macaronic speech and correlation of humoremes in the various types of humor. Apart from Kreps, Manakov (MaHaKOB 1986, 61-79) also studied these problems. He also set the system of the basic types of humor. Manakov introduced the linguistic means of humor of some Russian writers: Gogol, Tchechov. The means that Manakov showed with detailed examples, are trope, epithet, comic comparison, comic metaphor, comic periphrasis, euphemism, pun, zeugma, comic toponym, comic onomatopoeia, mania of foreign vocabulary, folk etymology, dialect etc. But these studies don't explain why these means make the works humorous. An, B.p tried to answer this question (안병팔 1997 a; b). An B.p. explains contexts of humor through the Release theory, the Superiority theory and the Incongruity theory. An, B.p. explained the process of deviation from the grammatical norms through morpho-syntactic and lexical means. But in these studies the humor was not analyzed by the semantic criteria. In order to linguistically evaluate various means of humor formation, it is necessary to elicit its deep structure, which makes it possible to research the formation and interpretation of humor. For this purpose this article, being based on the Incongruity theory, defined the structure of humor as negation of presupposition. Of course the former traditional studies also well shared the concept of 'contradiction' and 'contrast' of humor structure, but they didn't explain the structure by semantic differential features. This study, analyzing the works of' Zadornov, M., tried to note that through the negation of semantic presupposition the structure of contradiction is formed with semantic differential features on the semantic, syntactic or lexical dimensions.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.89-101
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• 2015

The sour gas is natural gas containing components such as hydrogen sulphide and carbon dioxide that form acids when mixed with water. Element sulfur precipitates from sour gas when reservoir pressure and temperature decrease. According to the International Energy Agency, about 43% of the world's natural gas reserves(2,580 tcf or 73.057 tcm), excluding North America, are sour. The sour gas is often derived from the Germanic word 'sauer or acidic' and the etymology referred to as 'sour'. Sour gas requires special handling and infrastructure because it contains significant amounts of hydrogen sulphide, making it highly corrosive, flammable and explosive, and there fore more costly and dangerous to process. So the business of sour gas is affected by two important factors: the economic value of the gas, and the methods used in its production. According to be analyzed in the academic literature to sour gas(2000~2014) by the program of 'web of science', the research activities 145 papers in sour gas.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.50
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• pp.425-451
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• 2018

In this paper, we examined the issues of the discussions on the subject of doublets. In general, as a definition, the use of doublets refer to a pair of words which have a common etymon, but also to a pair of words or grammatical morphemes that have the same meaning and similar forms of the word. In this paper, we have seen that a typical pairing word is a pair of words with a common etymology. Generally speaking, it is possible to divide doublets into subtypes depending on the identified similarities or differences in the meaning or form. The most distant type from the typical type of doublets is a pair of words that do not have a common etymon, but have the same meaning and are similar in form. The second issue about doublets is whether doublets include only words. For example, if some josas (postpositions or particles) have a common etymon, then it is noted that they can be accepted as a kind of doublets. In the case of suffixes, it may be possible to recognize the suffixes as doublets if they have a common etymon. In other words, it is not necessary to recognize the suffixes as doublets because the derivatives which are derived by the suffixes can be accepted as doublets. In the case of endings, it may be possible to recognize a pair of endings which have the same meaning and the common etymon as a doublet. Otherwise, the word forms to which the endings are combined can be accepted likewise as doublets. However, considering the fact that the endings typically in use in the Korean language may have syntactic properties, the endings should be considered as doublets rather than the words which have the endings. Finally, we conclude that there may be some debate as to whether stem doublets or ending doublets belong to a lexical item in the lexicon. It can be said that they are plural underlying forms and may be deserving of further research.