• Molecules and Cells
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• v.41 no.10
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• pp.923-932
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• 2018

Ethylene regulates numerous aspects of plant growth and development. Multiple external and internal factors coordinate ethylene production in plant tissues. Transcriptional and post-translational regulations of ACC synthases (ACSs), which are key enzymes mediating a rate-limiting step in ethylene biosynthesis have been well characterized. However, the regulation and physiological roles of ACC oxidases (ACOs) that catalyze the final step of ethylene biosynthesis are largely unknown in Arabidopsis. Here, we show that Arabidopsis ACO1 exhibits a tissue-specific expression pattern that is regulated by multiple signals, and plays roles in the lateral root development in Arabidopsis. Histochemical analysis of the ACO1 promoter indicated that ACO1 expression was largely modulated by light and plant hormones in a tissue-specific manner. We demonstrated that point mutations in two E-box motifs on the ACO1 promoter reduce the light-regulated expression patterns of ACO1. The aco1-1 mutant showed reduced ethylene production in root tips compared to wild-type. In addition, aco1-1 displayed altered lateral root formation. Our results suggest that Arabidopsis ACO1 integrates various signals into the ethylene biosynthesis that is required for ACO1's intrinsic roles in root physiology.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.376-381
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• 2006

This study is experimented to observe an influence of experimental conditions on production characteristics of slurry ice by putting ball into test section to disturb ice adhesion. And at this experiment it used ethylene glycol-water solution and the concentration is 20wt%. The experimental apparatus was constructed of ethylene glycol-water solution and slurry ice storage tank. brine tank, pumps for ethylene glycol-water solution and brine circulating, a mass flow-meter data logger for fluid temperature measuring and a vertical circular tube with two copper tubes as test section. The experiments were carried out under various conditions, with mean velocity of fluid at the entry ranging from 0.07 to 0.13m/s and ball diameter is 10mm, 15mm. Also ball filling rate is 33%, 50%.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Marine Engineers Conference
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• 2006.06a
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• pp.49-50
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• 2006

This study experimented to observe an influence of experimental conditions on production characteristics of slurry ice by putting ball into test section to disturb ice adhesion. And at this experiment it used ethylene glycol-water solution and the concentration is 20wt%. The experimental apparatus was constructed of ethylene glycol-water solution and slurry ice storage tank, brine tank. pumps for ethylene glycol-water solution and brine circulating, a mass flow-meter, data logger for fluid temperature measuring and a vertical circular tube with two copper tubes as test section. The experiments were carried out under various conditions, with mean velocity of fluid at the entry ranging from 0.07 to 0.13m/s and ball diameter is 10mm, 15mm. Also ball filling rate is 33%, 50%.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.42-47
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• 2003

A biofilter study was performed in order to remove mixed benzene and ethylene emitted from soil and groundwater remediation. In particular, more than 96% of ethylene was removed at residence times of 10～15 min, and the possibility of use of the biofilter was obtained. The benzene removal efficiency was achieved as much as 100% at residence times of 2～15 min. With a residence time of 15 min, the maximum elimination capacity of benzene and ethylene was 4.3 g/$\textrm{m}^3$hr and 1.4 g/$\textrm{m}^3$hr, respectively. The maximum elimination capacity of benzene was 3 times higher than that of ethylene. Carbon dioxide concentration decreased as residence times were lowered due to low ethylene degradation rate. The maximum carbon dioxide production rate of 3,169 [mg-$CO_2$/(g-${C_2}{H_4}$＋${C_6}{H_6$)] was investigated when benzene and ethylene were completely removed. It was found that dominant bacteria in the benzene-degrading microorganisms were identified as Bacillus mycoides and Pseudomonas fluorescens. Dominant bacteria in the ethylene-degrading microorganisms were identified as Pseudomonas putida and Pseudomonas fluorescens.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.236-244
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• 1985

To know the varietal differences of ethylene evolution, 55 rice varieties were tested at seedling stage. And, also, 6 rice varieties were tested the biosynthesis of ethylene production. The group of japonica varieties produced higher amount of ethylene than the indica and indica x japonica crossed varieties. The content of ACC in rice seedlings of japonica varieties was higher than in seedlings of indica and indica x japonica varieties. And, also, the conversion rate of mathionine and ACC to ethylene in seedling of japonica varieties was higher than in seedling of indica and indica x japonica varieties.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.49-54
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• 1995

This experiments were carried out to investigate the viabilities and the pregnancy rate of frozen-thawed IVF bovine embryos in various media, cryoprotectants and age of embryos produced. Hanwoo oocyte were collected in size of 2~7mm follicles, matured for 20~22hrs at 38.5$^{\circ}C$ in 5% CO2 incubator and then in vitro fertilized with Hanwoo semen. Blastocysts or more developed embryos at Day 7, 8 and 9 were frozen in 1.5 or 1.8M ethylene glycol. Viability of frozen thawed IVF embryos were identified the reformation of blastocoele after thawing and culture for 24~48 hours at 38.5$^{\circ}C$ in 5% CO2 incubator. Production rate of Hanwoo IVF embryos in TCM 199 and CR1aa ws 21.3%(39/183) and 28.1%(41/146), respectively. The viability of frozen thawed IVF embryos was higher rate in 1.8M ethylene glycol and Day 7 embryos than that in 1.5M and Day 8.53 cows out of 100 Hanwoo receipients transfered IVF embryos were pregnant and twin production rate was 26.3%.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.592-599
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• 2011

Plum is a climacteric fruit and softening is a serious problem for storage and transportation. Thus $1{\mu}L{\cdot}L^{-1}$ of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) was applied to plums to prolong their shelf life and maintain quality. Japanese plums (Prunus salicina cv. Formosa) were stored at $20^{\circ}C$ and $0^{\circ}C$ for 14 days and 46 days respectively, with or without 1-MCP treatment. Fruits were treated with $1{\mu}L{\cdot}L^{-1}$ 1-MCP at $10^{\circ}C$ for 24 h. Ethylene production and respiration rate were strongly inhibited in 1-MCP-treated fruits at $20^{\circ}C$. It was also observed that there was less ethanol and acetaldehyde evaporation in 1-MCP-treated fruits stored at $20^{\circ}C$ compared to those in control fruits not treated with 1-MCP. Fruit qualities, such as firmness, titratable acidity (TA), skin color, and decay, changed more slowly in 1-MCP-treated fruits stored at $20^{\circ}C$ than in untreated fruits. There were no differences in the ethylene production or respiration rate between the groups of fruits stored at $0^{\circ}C$ throughout the experiment. Chilling injury was also inhibited by the application of 1-MCP during storage at $0^{\circ}C$. When the fruits stored at $0^{\circ}C$ with or without 1-MCP were transferred to $20^{\circ}C$ after 25 days, the differences in ethylene production and respiration rate, firmness, TA, TSS, and acetaldehyde and ethanol evaporation between the initial (after being stored at $0^{\circ}C$ for 25 days) and the final measurements (after being stored at $0^{\circ}C$ for 25 days and then transferred to $20^{\circ}C$ for three days) were lower in 1-MCP treated fruits than in non-treated fruits. The postharvest application of 1-MCP in Formosa plums showed positive effects at both $0^{\circ}C$ and $20^{\circ}C$ storage conditions with regard to quality, such as low ethylene production and low respiration rates, firmness, TA, ethanol, and acetaldehyde evaporation, chilling injury, and decay.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.545-549
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• 2001

The relationship between ethylene action and flesh softening in post-storage persimmon fruits was investigated by treating the fruits with 1-MCP. The patterns of firmness change caused by various treatments with 1-MCP and ethylene were similar to those of changes in cell wall-degrading enzyme activities, including cellulase, PG, PME, and ${\beta}$-galactosidase. Moreover, the activities of these enzymes were inhibited by 1-MCP treatment. These results show that the cell wall-degrading enzymes influenced by ethylene account for the flesh softening process of post-storage persimmon fruit. The ethylene production of fruits, as measured by ACC content and ACC oxidase activity, nevertheless, was not influenced by 1-MCP treatments. It is suggested that the flesh softening phenomena in post-storage persimmon fruits is correlated to the ethylene responsiveness of tissue rather than the ethylene production rate per se.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2002

Postharvest characteristics of 'Pingguoli' fruit produced between China and Korea were compared to find an ecological difference. There was a difference in fresh weight per fruit, thus, fruit weight produced in Korea was much higher than those in China. However, no significant differences were confirmed in the level of soluble solid content and flesh firmness. The acidity of Korean 'Pingguoli' was higher than Chinese ones. The external appearance of Korean 'Pingguoli' was not attractive due to the rough and rugged surface. Thus, the prospect of 'Pingguoli' cultivation in Korea seems not to be promised. The general trend of respiration and ethylene evolution during storage did not significantly differed but the amount of $CO_2$ and ethylene production was higher in fruits produced in China. There was a strong similarity in respiration and ethylene evolution pattern to typical climacteric fruits. Thus, 'Pingguoli' is considered as a climacteric fruit. Even though the rate of ethylene production of 'Pingguoli' was relatively high, the storability of 'Pingguoli' showed a strong potential. The further studies in postharvest physiology of pear using 'Pingguoli' and in its breeding potentials as a source of long storage life are needed.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.233-239
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• 1993

Effect of Ca2+ on the conversion of 1-aminocycloprophane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) to ethylene was studied with 2.5 day-old mung bean hypocotyl segments. The conversion of ACC in these tissues was inhibited by plasmolysis and sulfosuccinimidyl (hydroxyphenyl) propionate (sulfo-SHPP). The ACC induced ethylene production in HC (high calcium)-tissue grown on the Ca2+ added medium was greater than that in N (normal)-tissue. HC-tissue had a lower inhibition rate of ACC conversion by EGTA and Ca2+ -channel blockers than N-tissue. The rates of the ACC conversion by both kinds of tissues were stimulated by the Ca2+ ionophore A23187. From these results, we suggests a mechanism for the stimulative effect of Ca2+ on the conversion of ACC to ethylene as follows; in some tissues where ACC conversion is linked with plasma membrane, Ca2+ may be transported from apoplast through Ca2+ -channel into the cytoplasm ad stimulate ACC-oxidase activity.