• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.209-214
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• 2007

Sr hexaaluminate($Sr_{1-x}La_xMnAl_{11}O_{19-\alpha}$) were prepared by sol-gel method of metal alkoxide with 1-butanol or ethylene glycol as a solvent. The physical properties of prepared hexaaluminates were examined by TG/DTA, XRD and $N_2$ adsorption. When ethylene glycol was used as a solvent, the decomposition reaction and dehydroxylation reaction was observed above $400^{\circ}C$ and the temperature of the formation of a crystal structure of hexaaluminate was also increased resulting in small specific surface area and low catalytic activity of methane compared to Sr-hexaaluminate with 1-butanol.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.178-181
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• 1991

The crystal structure of dehydrated fully $Cd^{2+}$-exchanged zeolite A evacuated at $2{\times}10^{-6}$ Torr and $450^{\circ}C (a = 12.225(2){\AA})$ and of its ethylene sorption complex (a = 12.219(2) ${\AA}$) have been determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction techniques in the cubic space group Pm3m at $21(1)^{\circ}$. The structures were refined to final error indices, $R_1$ = 0.063 and $R_2$ = 0.065 with 266 reflections and $R_1$ = 0.055 and $R_2$ = 0.062 with 260 reflections, respectively, for which $I{\gg}3{\sigma}(I)$. In both structures, six $Cd^{2+}$ ions lie at two distinguished three-fold axes of unit cell. Dehydrated $Cd_6$-A sorbs 4 ethylene molecules per unit cell at $25^{\circ}C$ (vapor pressure of ethylene is ca. 100 Torr). Each $Cd^{2+}$ ion forms a lateral ${pi}$ complex with an ethylene molecule. Four $Cd^{2+}$ ions exist in a nearly tetrahedral environment, 2.210(7)${\AA}$ apart from three framework oxygen ions (considering ethylene molecule as a monodentate ligand) and $2.67(6){\AA}$ from each carbon atom of ethylene molecule.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.257-262
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• 1994

The tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) mutant diageotropica (dgt) lacking normal gravitropic response is known to be less sensitive to auxin compared with its isogenic parent VFN8. Straight growth as well as ethylene production in response to added auxin in hypocotyl segments of dgt was negligible. However, there was no significant difference between the two genotypes in auxin transport in petiole segments and its inhibition by the phytotropin N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid(NPA). Kinetic parameters of NPA binding to microsomal membranes were also non-distinguishable between the two. Its petiolar explants treated with ethylene developed epinastic curvature with the magnitude of response increased about 3 folds over non-mutant wild type. Ethylene-induced epinasty in both dgt and VFN8 was nullified by treatment of explants with the ethylene autagonist 2,5-norbonadiene. Lateral transport of 3H-IAA toward the upper side of ethylene-treated petioles in dgt, however, was not significantly more pronounced than in VFN8, the implications being that auxin sensitivity in the mutant was restored, or even rised above the wild type, by ethylene.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.377-383
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• 2011

The objective of this study was to examine effect of ethylene glycol for semen cryopreservation in Korean Jeju Black Bull. The semen was cryopreserved with extenders containing cryoprotectants (7% glycerol and 3%, 5%, 7% ethylene glycol) and packed to 0.5 ml straws. The semen straws were located above 3 cm of liquid nitrogen for 5 min, 5 cm for 10 min and 8 cm for 10 min. And then frozen straw was plunged into $LN_2$. Post-thawed sperm motility, viability and membrane integrity were significantly higher in 5% ethylene glycol ($72.5{\pm}5.00%$, $54.88{\pm}0.66%$ and $46.00{\pm}2.40%$; p<0.05). Motility and viability were similar between 7% glycerol and 5% ethylene glycol. However, the membrane integrity was significantly higher in 5% ethylene glycol ($34.69{\pm}4.64%$ vs $46.00{\pm}2.40%$; p<0.05). The viability and membrane integrity were significantly higher in 5 cm for 10 min and 8 cm for 10 min than 3 cm for 5 min (viability: $55.81{\pm}2.94$, $55.19{\pm}3.34$ vs $47.94{\pm}3.48%$; p<0.05 and membrane integrity: $44.94{\pm}3.51$, $46.06{\pm}2.25$ vs $40.38{\pm}1.03%$; p<0.05). The percentage of capacitated sperm assessed by CTC staining, percentage of F pattern was higher in 7% glycerol, 5% and 7% ethylene glycerol, and AR pattern was significantly higher in 3% ethylene glycol. F pattern was significantly increased in 5 cm for 10 min and 8 cm for 10 min (p<0.05), but AR pattern was significantly increased in 3 cm for 5 min (p<0.05).

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.883-897
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• 1997

Present study was undertaken in order to find out the most significant laboratory test for the early diagnosis of ethylene glycol poisoning in dogs. Seven dogs weighing from 5.0kg to 19.3kg were administered orally 6ml or l0ml of ethylene glycol per kilogram of body weight. In addition to clinical observations, blood samples were taken from the jugular vein on 0, 1, 3, 6, 12, 24 and 48 hours or until death after the adminisration and examined for the hematological, blood chemical, venous blood gas and electrolyte changes. Urine samples were simultaneously taken and examined for pH, protein, glucose and calcium oxalate crystals in the sediments. The results were as follows : 1. All dogs showed marked hypothermia in addition to the characteristic signs of ethylene glycol poisoning until death. 2. No significant hematological changes were observable after the administration of ethylene glycol except the secondary dehydration and stress leukogram. 3. Chemical values related to the liver function(serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase, total serum protein, serum albumin, serum total bilirubin) showed no significant changes during the experimental period in all dogs. 4. Chemical values related to the renal function(BUN and creatinine) showed significant(p<0.0l, p<0.001) increase from 24 hours to death in all dogs. 5. All dogs showed significant(p<0.01, p<0.001) decrease in blood pH from 3 hours to death after the ethylene glycol administration. 6. All dogs showed significant(p<0.05, p<0.01, p<0.001) increaes in anion gap from 1 hour to death after the ethylene glycol administration. 7. All dogs showed significant(p<0.05, p<0.01) decrease in urine pH from 1 hour to 6 hours after the administration of ethylene glycol. 8. Characteristic envelope form of calcium oxalate crystals were found in the urinary sediment from 6 hours after the administration of ethylene glycol in all dogs. 9. Histologically calcium oxalate crystals were found in the renal rubles in all dogs. 10. From these results, it may be concluded that the examinations of urinary sediments for the calcium oxalate crystals, blood or urinary pH and blood anion gap are most reliable tests for the early diagnosis of ethylene glycol poisoning in dogs.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.247-255
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• 1998

This study was carried out to investigate changes in the flesh firmness, evolution of ethylene, cell wall components, and degradation and solubilization of polyuronide(PU) and polysaccharide(PS) in green(GP) and mature persimmon(MP) fruits according to testing time of ethylene(50${\mu}\ell$ㆍL$^{-1}$ ). When ethylene was treated in GP and MP, flesh firmness rapidly decreased and it was decreased more GP than MP. When ethylene were treated for 12 hours in GP, production of ethylene began after 3 days. The amount of ethylene product was maximum 16,000 ${\mu}\ell$ㆍL$^{-1}$ at 24 hours of ethylene treatment. However, ethylene was not producted until 7 days after 24 hours ethylene treatment at MP. The content of pectic substances decreased in the distilled- water, 0.05M $Na_2$CO$_3$,4M and 8M KOH-soluble fractions during softening according to increasing time of ethylene treatment. Arabinose and galactose were the major non-cellulosic neutral sugars in the 0.05M CDTA and 0.05M $Na_2$CO$_3$-soluble pectic fractions. Glucose, galactose and xylose were the major non-cellulosic neutral sugars in the 4M KOH- soluble hemicellulosic fraction. High molecular of PU and PS were degraded and solubilized in the distilled-water, 0.05M CDTA 0.05M $Na_2$CO$_3$ and 4M KOH-soluble fractions during time of ethylene treatment.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.445-452
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• 1994

Effects of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) on ethylene production in mungbean (Phaseolus radiatus L.) hypocotyl and leaf segments were studied. Ethylene production in mungbean hypocotyl segments was decreased in proportion to MeJA concentrations and $450\;\mu\textrm{M}$ of MeJA showed 50% inhibitory effect. This inhibitory effect appeared after 3 h of incubation period and continued for 24 h. Inhibition of ethylene production by MeJA was due to the decrease in 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) oxidase activity. However, MeJA treatment had no effect on ACC content and ACC synthase activity. MeJA also inhibited auxin-induced ethylene production in hypocotyls. To investigate the mechanisms of the inhibitory effect of MeJA on the auxin-induced ethylene production, ACC synthase and ACC oxidase activity were examined after MeJA treatment. MeJA decreased the ACC content and ACC synthase activity as weD as ACC oxidase activity in the auxin-treated tissue. These results suggest that the inhibition of MeJA on auxin-induced ethylene production is not due to the direct inhibitory effect of MeJA on the ACC synthase, but to the inhibition of the ability of IAA to promote the synthesis of ACC synthase. In contrast, ethylene production from the detached mungbean leaves was stimulated by MeJA. The rate of ethylene production increased approximately 65% over the control after 12 h of incubation period by $4.5\;\mu\textrm{M}$ MeJA. When MeJA was applied to detached leaves along with IAA, the effect of MeJA appeared to be additive. In an effort to elucidate mechanisms of MeJA action on auxin-induced ethylene production in the leaf tissue, enzyme activities of ACC synthase and ACC oxidase were examined. MeJA stimulated ACC oxidase activity but did not affect ACC synthase activity in leaf tissue. Together, these results suggest that MeJA plays different roles in the ethylene production in the different mungbean tissues.issues.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.37-43
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• 1994

Commercial Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) filaments were treated in solvents mixtures such as benzyl alcohol/perchloroethylene(BA/PER), benzyl alcohol/trichloroethylene(BA/TRI), benzyl alcohol/ethylene chloride(BA/EC), metha nol/perchloroethylene(ME/PER), and methanol/trichloroethyle(ME/TRI). Swelling of PET in solvent mixtures showed rapidly in the middle range of mixture ratio. Contribution of swelling of each component to total swelling of binary mixtures with increasing treated time was generally showed in proportion to the mixture ratio of the each component in dependence of the extend of swelling.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.20-24
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• 1998

Oligomeric extracts of poly(ethylene terephthalate-co-ethylene isophthalate)s [(PET/EI] are analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). Existence of separated peaks for small cyclics of trimer and tetramer gives the existence of structural isomeric forms. NMR confirms that cyclization of PET/EI occurs more easily at the site of isophthaloyl unit.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.26
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• pp.23-30
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• 2008

In this paper, when the silk fabric was modified by ethylene cyanohydrine, the reaction mechanism between both was studied at various treatment conditions such as curing temperatures and times, ethylene cyanohydrin concentrations and $ZnCl_2$ concentrations. Through the FT-IR and DSC analyses of the treated silk fabrics, we found the results as follows : It was observed in FT-IR analysis of the treated silk fabrics that the -OH characteristic peak($3,450cm^{-1}$)position and shape were all changed when drying and curing treatment conditions were at $80^{\circ}C$ for 3 minute and $110^{\circ}C$ for 2.5 minute, and the concentration of the $ZnCl_2$ was 0.1%. It indicated that the -OH group of the silk participated in the reaction between the silk fabric and ethylene cyanohydrin. From the DSC analysis, it was found that the pyrolysis temperatures of the treated silk fabrics by ethylene cyanohydrin which was processed in the same condition, were all increased from $311^{\circ}C$ to ab. $320^{\circ}C$. From the FT-IR analyses of the silk fabrics treated by ethylene cyanohydrin at the various concentrations of $ZnCl_2$, it was found that the -OH characteristic peaks($3,450cm^{-1}$) were similar to the nontreated one except that of the fabric treated at the $ZnCl_2$ conconcentration of 0.8% when drying and curing treatment conditions were at $80^{\circ}C$ for 3minute and $110^{\circ}C$ for 2.5 minute, and the concentration of the ethylene cyanohydrin was 5%. In the case of the $ZnCl_2$ concentration of 0.8% solution, a lot of change were observed in peak. From the DSC analysis of the treated silk fabrics which was processed in the same condition, it was showed that the pyrolysis temperatures of treated silk fabric were all increased from $311^{\circ}C$ to ab. $320^{\circ}C$, which was no relation with the concentration of $ZnCl_2$.