• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.144-154
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• 1994

Final goal of periodontal treatment is to reconstruct the destructed periodontal tissue as well as to remove the necrotic pathologic elements. The purpose of this study is to investigate on the effect of Zizyphi extract to the inhibitory ability on collagenolytic activity of P gingivalis, biologic activity of gingival fibroblasts, and on the collagen and protein synthesis of gingival fibroblasts. Gingival fibroblast from giniva of first bicuspids from patient for orthodontic treatment were used and cultured. For the measurement of inhibitory ability of collagenolytic activity, crude enzyme was extracted and used on the basis of modified Ono's method. On the inhibition of collagenolytic enzyme from herbal extracts, collagenokit CLN-100 were used. The cellular activity of gingival fibroblast, were studied using MTT solution and measured optical density on 570mm by ELISA reader. To measure the effects on the ability of whole protein and collagen synthesis, cell membrane was destructed with ultrasonic grinder after culturing, centrifuged and counted by liquid scintilation counter. The inhibitory effects on producing of $IL-l{\beta}$ by monocyte, after promotion of producing $IL-l{\beta}$ by LPS, were compared with the mixture of herbal extracts and other drugs using thymocyte stimulation assay. About inhibitory effects of $PGF_2$. by gingival fibroblasts, herbal extract was compared with the addition of the other control groups using enzyme imunoassay. On the inhibition of collagenolytic activity by P. gingivalis, benzene extracts showed the most efficient inhibitory effects among the $19{\mu}g/ml$ of the compared extracts and 40.5% by Tetracycline. On the cellular activity promoting effects, compared extracts showed a bit of more effects than PDGF of $100{\mu}g/ml$ concentration and IGF of $20{\mu}g/ml$ concentration. All of the PDGF, IGF, Zizyphi Fructus extract should increase in collagen synthesis, but especially 70% ethylalcohol extracts of Zizyphi Fructus showed comparably high effects among the compared extracts. Effects on whole protein synthesis were slightly increased on every extract but especially 70% ethylalcohol extract showed significantly effective than any other estract. On the inhibitory effects of Zizyphi Fructus $IL-l{\beta}$ production by monocyte, compared extracts showed 70% of highly inhibitory effect than that of 60% inhibition effects on controlled group and each extracts showed no significant difference. In $PGF_2$ production inhibitroy effect of Zizyphi Fructus gingival fibroblasts, Herbal extracts showed 70% of inhibition comparing with tat of 90.2% of controlled group, but each extracts showed similar effects excluding the $H_2O$ extracts. These results suggested that Zizyphi Fructus might be useful medicine for inhibition of inflammatory mediator including $IL-l{\beta}$ and $PGF_2$.

• 전자공학회논문지A
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• 제28A권12호
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• pp.31-38
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• 1991

The current-voltage characteristics at annealed Be-Cu alloy(1.8-2 wt% Be, 0.2 wt% Co+Ni) interfaces have been studied by means of the cyclic voltammetric method. The specimens were annealed in nitrogen gas($N_{2}$) furnace at 36$0^{\circ}C$ for 1.5 hours. After annealing, the vickers hardness(HV) was increased from 210 to 385. The used solutions were distilled water(H$_{2}$O), 10$^{-3}M\;CsNO_{2},10^{-2}M\;KCl,10^{-2}M\;KOH,10^{-4}M\;H_{2}SO_{4}$ aqueous electrolytes, and ethylalcohol ($C_{2}H_{5}OH$), etc. The cyclic voltammograms showed significant current-voltage characteristics between the annealed and unannealed specimens at the same conditions. The age hardening and the related surface potential barrer and dissolution effects have been observed during the whole experimental process. The dissolution process of annealed Be-Cu alloys was effectively retarded by the age hardening phenomenon. The age hardening effect also raised the surface potential barrier of Be-Cu alloys. The interfacial phenomena of Be-Cu alloys seem to be one of good models for understanding the activation process.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제14권9호
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• pp.843-849
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• 2005

The objective of this research was to investigate the removal efficiencies ofVOCs and odors with newly developed biofilter which was designed to sustain the biofilm constantly on the packed media. Initially, four types of media, for example, fiber, activated carbon, ceramic and the mixture of activated carbon and ceramic(AIC mixture J, were used for packed materials of biofilter. When ethylalcohol was selected as a test gas for media efficiency, fiber and AIC mixture had better removal efficiencies of ethyl alcohol than others. Removal efficiencies for acetaldehyde, ethyl alcohol, butylalcohol, ethylacetate and diethylamine in biofilter with fiber and AIC mixture as packed media were increased as the residence time increased. Butylalcohol, especially, showed the maximum removal efficiency among all used VOCs and odors. In case of ethyl acetate, the difference of removal efficiencies between low and high residence times was wide remarkably.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.481-493
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• 2006

The purpose of the review article was to summarize and discuss the available information concerning the effect of bleaching on human teeth and reduced treatment on negative influence. Tooth bleaching effect was differ from extent of concentration and application period of a tooth bleaching agent, certainly full knowledge prior treatment about adverse effect possible appearance and follow clinical treatment for the least reduce. It remains unclear in how far those observation may result in significant adverse effect under clinical conditions. Nevertheless, further investigation are necessary to elucidate these aspect more precisely. The findings of the study were as follows : 1. It is recommended to delay placement of restorations after termination of bleaching therapy for at least 1-3 weeks. 2. Reduced negative influence that is clinical feasibility of catalase in protecting bleached surface against Oxygen radical. 3. The residual peroxide in tooth after bleaching seems to be removed by gradual diffusion and it may be possible to eliminate the adverse effect on tooth by using water displacement solution, ethylalcohol and aceton including it for effective removal of free radical oxygen.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.264-271
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• 1987

전통약주(傳統藥酒)인 백하주(白霞酒), 녹파주(綠波酒), 동동주(酒), 청명주(淸明酒)를 양조(讓造)하여 휘발성(揮發性) 향기성분(香氣成分)을 head space gas로 포집(捕集)하여 분석(分析)하였다. 향기성분(香氣成分)으로 formaldehyde, acetone, diacetyl, acetaldehyde, ethyl acetate, ethanol, propanol, iso-butanol, iso-amyl alcohol, dimethylsulfide가 분리(分離) 정량(定量)되었으며 acetaldehyde, ethyl acetate, n-propanol은 각주품(各酒品)에 따라 $17.84{\sim}73.74ppm$으로 acetaldehyde는 동동주(酒)가 62.04ppm, ethylacetate는 녹파주(綠波酒)가 41.26ppm, n-propanol은 녹파주(綠波酒)가 73.74ppm으로 가장 많았으며 iso-butanol과 iso-amyl alcohol은 청명주(淸明酒)가 각각(各各) 194.21ppm, 925.04ppm으로 가장 높았으며 백하주(白霞酒)는 72.12ppm 및 418.14ppm으로 가장 낮았다. Formaldehyde와 acetone은 $0{\sim}2.15ppm$으로 백하주(白霞酒)에서는 acetone이 정량(定量)되지 않았다. Dimethyl sulfide의 함량(含量)은 주품(酒品)에 따라 $5{\sim}65ppb$로써 동동주가 65ppb로 가장 많았으며 diacetyl은 $0.032{\sim}1.012ppm$으로 주품(酒品)에 따라 차(差)가 컸다.

• 생약학회지
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• 제1권3호
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• pp.93-99
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• 1970

There have been reported by several workers for the isolation and determination of the amine derivatives as Metbylephedrine Hydrochloride and Ephedrine Hydrochloride adopting neutralization method, steam distillation method, non-aqous titration method, ion-exchange resin method, titration method after acetylation, colorimetric method, gravimetric method, iodine titration method and gas chromatography. Those methods mentioned in above, can be practically applied for the sample which is not mixed one mith the other amine compounds. Presently, it has not shown on the isolative determination of the mixed sample of amine derivatives. In this paper, it is discussed on the isolative determination of Methylephedrine Hydrochloride as the tertiary amine compound and Ephedrine Hydrochloride as the secondary amine compound. According to the results of the experiment, it could be summarized as follows: 1. There is no time-variation on the color reaction of Methylephedrine Hydrochloride and Ephedrine Hydrochloride with the color reagent, bromcresolgreen. And Methylephedrine Hydrochloride and Ephedrine Hydrochloride, respectively, can be determined spectrophotometrically by means oft his color reaction. 2. For the isolation of Methylephedrine Hydrochloride and Ephedrine Hydrochloride from the mixed sample, Methylephedrine Hydrochloride can be eluted by chloroform, while Ephedrine Hydrochloride by the mixed solvent of chloroform and ethylalcohol (2:1), from the celite column adsorbed at pH6.4 followed by extraction with ether undersodium hydroxide alkali re action. 3. When the sample is mixed with quinine hydrochloride, dihydrocodeine bitartate, and noscapine, these mixed compounds can be eliminated by means of stram distillation. 4. When the sample is mixed with chlorpheniramine maleate, dextromethorphan hydrobromide and diphenhydramine hydrochloride, the mixed compounds can be eliminated by means of steam distillation and celite adsorption column chromatography, In conclusion, the isolative determination method for Methylephedrine Hydrochloride and Ephedrine Hydrochloride studied in this paper, indicates with the excellent reproducibility and accuracy.

• 분석과학
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.222-228
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• 1998

15종의 분자량이 낮은 휘발성 유기용매 물질류를 사용하여 에탄올에 대한 분리분석 등을 검토하기 위하여 5가지 충진 칼럼과 2가지 모세관 칼럼을 이용한 기체 크로마토그래피 실험에서 Gaskuropack 54 와 DB-1 column이 좋은 분리능을 보여 주었다. GC 기화평형법에 의한 생체물 시료의 알코올 농도 측정에서 0.6N 과염소산, 1M 메타인산 및 염화나트륨 포화용액을 이용한 salt-effect 첨가실험은 그 중 염화나트륨 포화 용액이 알코올 농도값을 얻는데는 가장 안정된 값을 보였다. 혈액 및 각 조직의 시료들에서 시간에 따른 농도변화 실험에서 에틸알코올 농도 변화, 무게 변화, 함수분 변화, 헤마토크리트 변화치 영향을 함께 실험한 결과, 용기의 직경에 따르는 알코올 농도의 감소 변화를 1차 함수로 제안 할 수 있었으며, NISI에 조사 의뢰된 25 부검 사례에서 각 장기별 에틸알코올 분배농도에 대한 실험에서 뇌, 혈액, 신장, 비장, 간장, 폐장의 순으로 분포율이 낮아지는 결과를 얻을 수 있었다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.399-408
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• 2001

Tooth bleaching has been prevailing recently for its ability to recover the color and shape of natural teeth without reduction of tooth material. However, it has been reported that bleaching procedure adversely affects the adhesive bond strength of composite resin to tooth. At the same time the bond strength was reported to be regained by application of some chemical agents. The purpose of this in vitro study was to investigate the effect of the removal of residual peroxide on the composite- enamel adhesion and also evaluated fracture mode between resin and enamel after bleaching. Sixty extracted human anterior and premolars teeth were divided into 5 groups and bleached by combined technique using of office bleaching with 35 % hydrogen peroxide and matrix bleaching with 10% carbamide peroxide for 4 weeks. After bleaching, the labial surfaces of each tooth were treated with catalase, 70% ethyl alcohol, distilled water and filled with composite resin. Shear bond strength was tested and the fractured surfaces were also examined with SEM. Analysis revealed significantly higher bond strength values. (p＜0.05) for catalase-treated specimens, but water-treated specimens showed reduction of bond strength, alcohol- treated specimens had medium value between the two groups(p＜0.05). The fracture mode was shown that the catalase group and the alcohol group had cohesive failure but the water sprayed group had adhesive failure. It was concluded that the peroxide residues in tooth after bleaching seems to be removed by gradual diffusion and the free radical oxygen from peroxide prevents polymerization by combining catalyst in the resin monomer. Therefore it may be possible to eliminate the adverse effect on the adhesion of composite resin to enamel after bleaching by using water displacement solution or dentin bonding agent including it for effective removal of residual peroxide.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.309-315
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• 2005

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and odor materials are major sources of air pollution in Ulsan city, where much chemical plants are located. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a new reactor which can remove VOCs and odor materials effectively and be equipped at the end of pipe easily. A modified reactor (bioscrubber trickling filter, BSTF), which have both characteristics of biofilter and bioscrubber, was developed and tested on its reactivity with several VOCs using two types of media, fiber and activated carbon 4- ceramic(A/C). It was observed that the removal efficiencies of several types of VOCs such as acetaldehyde, ethylalcohol, butanol, diethylamine and triethylamine were up to $95\%$ when they had about 100 ppm of initial concentration and 80 seconds of residence time. Good attachment of microorganisms to both media, where it is thought the reaction efficiency can be determined according to the amount of microorganisms attachment, observed with scanning electron microscopy(SEM). Initial pressure drops of the packed bed with both media were 229 $mmH_2O/m$ at A/C column and 670 $mmH_2O/m$, respectively. However, maximum pressure drop of fiber column during the operation was over 1,647 $mmH_2O/m$. Therefore, it was thought that the fiber material would not suitable to use in the local plant as a packed bed media.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.1330-1336
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• 1999

맑고 풍미 있는 벌꿀주 생산을 위하여 벌꿀주의 청징조건과 숙성조건을 조사하였다. 벌꿀주의 청징은 kaki shibu와 sake light를 $0.05{\sim}0.1%$ 첨가하여 실온에서 2일 간 처리하여 광투과도 90% 이상인 맑은 벌꿀주를 얻어졌으나, 벌꿀 과실주는 감귤주의 경우 sake light 0.5%, 매실주는 kaki shibu $0.05{\sim}0.1%$를 첨가하여 4일간 처리할 때 양호하였다. 벌꿀 과실주를 미세여과하여 광투과도 98% 이상의 맑은 제품을 얻을 수 있었으나. 청징제 처리에 의하여 벌꿀주의 Hunter-L값은 저하 하였다. 발효시 가용성 고형분 함량이 높을수록 벌꿀주의 acetaldehyde와 n-propyl alcohol, n-butyl alcohol, iso-amyl alcohol함량은 증가하였으나 iso-propyl alcohol함량은 감소 하였다. 벌꿀주는 숙성으로 acetaldehyde와 fusel oil함량이 감소하여 관능적으로 부드러워졌다. 벌꿀주는 20여개의 휘발성 향기성분 중 l-phenyl ethyl alcohol, benzyl alcohol, 2-phenyl ethylalcohol, octacosane, triacotane이 주성분을 이루었다. 벌꿀 매실주는 관능적으로 맛, 색, 항기, 전체적인 기호도에서 모두 벌꿀 감귤주에 비하여 양호 하였으며, 벌꿀 감귤주는 벌꿀주 보다도 기호도가 낮았다.