• Toxicological Research
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.23-29
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• 2018

Ethanol-induced fat accumulation, the earliest and most common response of the liver to ethanol exposure, may be involved in the pathogenesis of liver diseases. Isoliquiritigenin (ISL), an important constituent of Glycyrrhizae Radix, is a chalcone derivative that exhibits antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and phytoestrogenic activities. However, the effect of ISL treatment on lipid accumulation in hepatocytes and alcoholic hepatitis remains unclear. Therefore, we evaluated the effect and underlying mechanism of ISL on ethanol-induced hepatic steatosis by treating AML-12 cells with 200 mM ethanol and/or ISL ($0{\sim}50{\mu}M$) for 72 hr. Lipid accumulation was assayed by oil red O staining, and the expression of sirtuin1 (SIRT1), sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c), AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha ($PPAR{\alpha}$) was studied by western blotting. Our results indicated that ISL treatment upregulated SIRT1 expression and downregulated SREBP-1c expression in ethanol-treated cells. Similarly, oil red O staining revealed a decrease in ethanol-induced fat accumulation upon co-treatment of ethanol-treated cells with 10, 20, and $50{\mu}M$ of ISL. These findings suggest that ISL can reduce ethanol induced-hepatic lipogenesis by activating the SIRT1-AMPK pathway and thus improve lipid metabolism in alcoholic fatty livers.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.147-153
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• 1995

The ethanol extract from the root bark of Morus alba showed the strongest antimicrobial activity on the growth of almost all the tested microorganisms which were food-borne pathogens and food-related microorganisms. Therefore, fatty acid composition, amino acid composition and shape change of microorganisms treated with the ethanol extract from the root bark of Morus alba were examined. In effects of treatment with the ethanol extract on the fatty acid compositions of B. subtilis, S. aureus and E. coli, fatty aicd compositions such as hexadecanoic acid (16:0) and octadecanoic acid (18:2) of the tested strains were increased but pentadecanoic acid (15:0) heptadecanoic acid (17:0) and acid (16:1) and octadecenoic acid (18:1) of E. coli were decreased. The ethanol extract did not significantly affect the aminn acid composition of the tested strains. Transmission electron micrographs of microorgani는 treated with the ethanol extract exhibited morphological changes that irregularly contracted cell surface in S. aureus and destructed cell walls in B. subtilis and E. coli.

• 약학회지
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.78-83
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• 1996

An ethanol administration causes hepatic triglyceride accumulation in rats. To assess whether the herbal extract containing Phaseoli radiati semen(herbal extract) inhibit s the triglyceride accumulation in the liver, we determined the hepatic triglyceiide levels in rats fed ethanol and the herbal extract. In addition, the blood ethanol concentrations and the activities of hepatic alcohol dehydrogenase(ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase(ALDH) were measured to determine the effects of the herbal extract on alcohol metabolism in rats. The administration of the herbal extract markedly reduced the triglyceride levels elevated by ethanol in the liver as well as in the serum. The herbal extract remarkably lowered blood ethanol concentrations in a dose-dependent manner. The ADH activities decreased by ethanol were recovered to the normal level by the herbal extract treatment. Moreover, the ALDH activities slightly decreased by ethanol increased beyond the normal level by the herbal extract treatment. We conclude that the herbal extract inhibits the hepatic triglyceride accumulation and stimulates alcohol metabolism by preventing ADH and ALDH from inhbition by the ethanol administration in the rat liver.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.138-143
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• 1997

Crude catechin extracts were prepared using ethyl acetate from Korean Puerariae Radix (PR) and their biological effects on the alcoholic liver damage were investigated in male Sprague-Dawley rats (6 weeks old). Ethanol (5g ethanol/kg body weight/day) administration was performed for 8 weeks and after ethanol consuming rats were treated with one or two% catechin extracts of diet for 8 weeks. At the end of experimental period, lipid hydroperoxides in liver were analyzed using a chemiluminescence-high performance liquid chromatography (CL-HPLC) method. Compared with control animals, ethanol consumed rats showed lighter body weights, lower ratios of liver/body weight, higher activities of GOT and GPT, and increased lipid hydroperoxide amount in liver. With one or two% catechin extracts treatment, GOT and GPT activities returned to normal ranges. Lipid hydroperoxide contents in liver of on or two% PR treated rats lowered to 20% or 25% respectively, compared with the levels of those ethanol consumed animals without catechin extracts treatment. Therefore, we concluded that on or two% PR crude catechins treatment could be effective for alcoholic liver damage caused by lipid peroxidation.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.61.1-61.12
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• 2023

Background: Percutaneous renal cyst sclerotherapy (PRCS) as a treatment for renal cysts is usually performed with a high concentration of ethanol (≥ 90%). This study reviewed cases in which a lower concentration of ethanol (83%) was used for the procedure in dogs. Methods: Records of cases of renal cysts treated by sclerotherapy using 83% ethanol in dogs were reviewed. Outcomes of the treatment were evaluated by comparing volumes of renal cysts before the procedure and the volumes after treatment, using ultrasound images with the volume reduction rates classified as follows: < 50% of initial volume (failed); ≥ 50% but < 80% of initial volume (partial success); ≥ 80% but < 95% of initial volume (great success); ≥ 95% of initial volume (complete success). Results: Out of nine dog kidneys, renal cysts sclerotherapy with 83% ethanol achieved partial success in one kidney, great success in four, and complete success in the other four. No side effect was observed. The mean of the volume-reduction rates was 90.00 ± 11.00 while the minimum and maximum reduction rates were 65% and 100%, respectively. Conclusions: The lower ethanol concentration (83%) is good for disinfecting kidneys in PRCS.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.107-111
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• 1997

Protopectinase(PPase)는 식물 세포벽의 protopectin을 분해하는 효소로서 식품의 가공에 이용될 수 있는 효소이다. PPase의 산업적 응용을 위하여 PPase를 생산하는 미생물 Bacillus subtilis IFO 12113의 배양여액에 acetone, methanol, ethanol을 각각 처리하여 PPase를 회수하는 연구를 수행하였다. Acetone의 경우, 배양여액 대 acetone을 1:1 (v/v) 비율로 첨가했을 때 효소는 59.2%가 회수되었으며 정제도는 1.7배 이었다. Methanol의 경우, 1:2(v/v) 비율로 처리하였을 때, 효소는 100% 회수되었으며 비활성도로 본 정제도는 4.0배 증가하였다. Ethanol의 경우에 1 :0.5 (v/v) 비율로 처리한 것을 원심분리시켜 침전물을 제거하고, 그 상등액에 최종 ethanol 비율을 1:1(v/v)까지 처리했을 때, 효소의 회수율은 68%를 나타냈으며 비활성도는 13.5배 증가하였다. 세균의 배양여액으로부터 PPase의 회수에는 methanol 처리가 가장 효율적이었으나, 산업적 응용을 위하여 정제효과까지 고려하면 ethanol처리가 가장 적절하였다.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.1365-1367
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• 2008

The antibacterial activity of chitosan against Escherichia coli was investigated in the presence of NaCl, sucrose, and ethanol to assess the potential use of chitosan as a biopreservative in food products containing these components. The inhibitory activity of chitosan decreased slightly upon the addition of NaCl and sucrose, respectively to culture broth containing 100 ppm of chitosan (Mw 3,000), while the addition of ethanol enhanced the inhibitory activity of chitosan on growing cells. The addition of these components to non-growing cells prior to chitosan treatment demonstrated that NaCl protected the cells from the inhibitory activity of chitosan, while sucrose had no effect. Ethanol addition to non-growing cells increased cell death by chitosan treatment. Finally, binding of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled chitosan to E. coli was measured in the presence of the food components. The FITC-labeled chitosan binding to cells decreased upon NaCl addition, was not affected by sucrose, and increased following treatment with ethanol.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.382-386
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• 1997

양파 가수분해물의 갈색화는 비효소적 갈색화로 양파에 존재하는 페놀성 물질이 관여하는 듯하므로 이를 확인하고자 여러 침지용매를 이용하여 페놀성 물질의 제거와 갈색도의 관계를 검토하였다. 메탄올, 에탄올 등 용액에 양파를 2시간 침지 후 침지액에서의 페놀성 물질의 함량은 메탄올과 에탄올의 침지액에서 25.1mg/ml과 24.9mg/ml의 페놀성 물질이 제거되었으며, 420nm에서 흡광도는 0.26과 0.22로 물을 이용한 경우보다 높았다. 침지처리 후 제조한 양파 가수분해물의 L값은 메탄올과 에탄올 처리시 81.92와 75.96으로 높은 값을 보였으며, 적색도의 지표인 a값은 물로 침지한 경우 16.41로 높은 값을 보였다. 에탄올의 농도에 따른 갈색화 억제 효과는 80% 이상의 농도를 가진 에탄올 처리시 많은 양의 페놀성 물질이 제거되었으며, 420nm에서 측정한 흡광도 역시 에탄올의 농도가 증가할수록 감소되는 경향을 보였다. L값과 b값 역시 에탄올의 농도가 증가할수록 감소되는 경향을 보였으나, 적색의 지표인 a값은 증가하는 경향을 보였으나, 적색의 지표인 a값은 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 80% 에탄올에 2시간 침지처리하여 만든 양파 가수분해물가 갈색화 억제제로 알려진 시스테인을 0.1% 첨가한 양파 가수분해물의 갈색도를 비교한 결과, 에탄올 침지처리 후 제조한 양파 가수분해물의 갈색도가 현저히 낮았다.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제50권1호
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• pp.157-163
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• 2022

Alcoholic liver disease (ALD), which encompasses alcoholic steatosis, alcoholic hepatitis, and alcoholic cirrhosis, is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although the economic and health impacts of ALD are clear, few advances have been made in its prevention or treatment. We recently demonstrated that the insect-derived antimicrobial peptide CopA3 exerts anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory activities in various cell systems, including neuronal cells and colonic epithelial cells. Here, we tested whether CopA3 inhibits ethanol-induced liver injury in mice. Mice were intraperitoneally injected with ethanol only or ethanol plus CopA3 for 24 h and then liver injury and inflammatory responses were measured. Ethanol enhanced the production of proinflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, interferon (IFN)-γ, and IL-10. It also induced hepatocyte apoptosis and ballooning degeneration in hepatocytes. Notably, all these effects were eliminated or significantly reduced by CopA3 treatment. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that CopA3 ameliorates ethanol-induced liver cell damage and inflammation, suggesting the therapeutic potential of CopA3 for treating ethanol-induced liver injury.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.119-131
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• 2023

Objectives: Betula Platyphylla(BP) has been used as a analgesic, anti-microbial, anti-oxidant drug in Eastern Asia. However, it is still unknown whether BP ethanol extract could exhibit the inhibitory activities against ultraviolet B(UVB)-induced skin injury on human keratinocytes, HaCaT cells. This study was aimed to investigate the protective activity of BP ethanol extract on UVB-irradiated skin injury in HaCaT cells. Methods: The skin injury model of HaCaT cells was established under UVB stimulation. HaCaT keratinocyte cells were pre-treated with BP ethanol extract for 1 h, and then stimulated with UVB. Then, the cells were harvested to measure the cell viability, production of reactive oxygen species(ROS), pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin(IL) 1-beta, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-𝛼, hyaluronidase, type 1 collagen, matrix metalloproteinase(MMP)s. In addition, we examined the mitogen activated protein kinases(MAPKs) and inhibitory kappa B alpha(I𝜅;-B𝛼) as inhibitory mechanisms of BP ethanol extract. Results: The treatment of BP ethanol extract inhibited the UVBinduced cell death and ROS production in HaCaT cells. BP ethanol extract treatment inhibited the UVB-induced increase of IL-1beta, IL-6, and TNF-𝛼. BP ethanol extract treatment inhibited the increase of hyaluronidase, MMP and decrease of collagen. BP ethanol extract treatment inhibited the activation of MAPKs and the degradation of I𝜅-B𝛼. Conclusions: Our result suggest that treatment of BP ethanol extract could inhibit the UVB-induced skin injury via deactivation of MAPKs and nuclear factor kappa B(NF-𝜅B) in HaCaT cells. This study could suggest that BP ethanol extract could be a beneficial agent to prevent skin damage or inflammation.