• Proceedings of the KSAR Conference
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• 2003.06a
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• pp.62-62
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• 2003

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of activation agents on parthenogenetic activation of pig oocytes matured in vitro. The medium used for oocyte maturation was tissue culture medium (TCM) 199 supplemented with 26.19 mM sodium bicarbonate, 0.9 mM sodium pyruvate, 10 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml insulin, 2 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml vitamin $B_{l2}$, 25 mM Hepes, 10 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml bovine apotransferrin, 150 $\mu$M cysteamine, 10 IU/ml PMSG, 10 IU/ml hCG, 10 ng/ml EGF, 0.4% BSA, 75 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml sodium penicillin G, 50 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml streptomycin sulfate and 10% pFF. After about 22 h of culture, oocytes were cultured without cysteamine and hormones for 22 h at 38.5$^{\circ}C$, 5% $CO_2$ in air. Cumulus-free oocytes involving first polar body were activated by exposure to various concentrations of ethanol and exposure time of ethanol in Hepes-buffered NCSU23 medium. Also, oocytes were activated by electric pulse alone or combination with ethanol. For electrical activation, oocytes were rinsed twice in 0.3 M mannitol solution supplemented with 0.1 mM CaC1$_2$, 0.2 mM MgC1$_2$, 0.5 mM Hopes and 0.01% BSA, and transferred to a chamber consisting of two electrodes 1 mm apart which was overlaid with the same activation solution. Oocytes were activated with a single DC pulse of 1.3 ㎸/cm for 30 $\mu$sec. After activation treatments, oocytes were washed three times with Hepes-buffered NCSU23 medium and were washed twice with NCSU23 culture medium containing 0.4% BSA, and then cultured in 500 ${mu}ell$ of the same medium for 20 h at 38.5$^{\circ}C$, 5% $CO_2$ in air. The activation rates of oocytes were higher in 6, 7 and 8% ethanol concentrations compared with 0, 5, 9 and 10% ethanol concentrations. Significantly more oocytes (29.3~33.7%) were activated in the exposure for 8, 10, 12 and 15 min than those in the exposure for 0 and 5 min, but there was no difference due to exposure to 8% ethanol for 8 to 15 min. Electric pulse treatment followed by exposure to ethanol significantly improved the rate of oocyte activation (61.9%) compared with that of other 3 treatments. In conclusion, the optimal activation treatment of ethanol exposure alone for the in-vitro matured pig oocytes was 8% ethanol for 8 to 15 min. Electric pulse treatment followed by ethanol exposure significantly improved the rate of activation.n.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.411-417
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• 1994

The extraction condition and quality attributes components in Oolong tea were investigated. Extraction yield was high in $80{\sim}85^{\circ}C$ above 50% ethanol solution. Sucrose content most high among the free sugar ranged $37.2{\sim}55.0\;mg/100\;g$, while arabinose was the least. Organic acids in ethanolic extracts were furmaric, citric and malic acid. Free amino acids were 15 kinds and contents of proline, tyrosine and glutamic acid were comparatively high. Tannin content extracted from water and 25% ethanol solution were 38.6 and $38.5\;{\mu}g/100\;g$, it decreased as ethanol concentration increase. Caffeine content did not changed as extraction conditions. Ascorbic acid content was $6.5\;{\mu}g/g$ when extracted from 25% ethanol solution, it decreased as ethanol concentration increase. Bitter and astringent taste affected to overall preference of Oolong tea. Tea manufactured from 25% ethanol solution extracts recorded most high organoleptic score than any other extraction condition.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.107-112
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• 2005

Excessive drinking causes 'alcohol hangover' within 8-16 hours. The cause of 'hangover' has not been elucidated exactly until now, but it is reported that it is caused by the creation of blood ethanol and acetaldehyde as ethanol metabolites. In this study vinegar extract of wood (VE) or OC-1, to which the powder extract of green tea leaves extract is added, was administered to the rats 30 minutes before the oral administration of ethanol (3 g/kg) and the blood ethanol and acetaldehyde concentration was measured in order to evaluate the efficacy of the beverage material for detoxification. As a result, the blood ethanol concentration in the group of the VE-1(vinegar crude extract) and VE-2 (double diluted solution) is statistically lower (P,0.05) than the exclusive alcohol administered control group. The blood acetaldehyde concentration of all groups of VE and OC-2, which is the double dilution of OC-1, is statistically low after 7 hours following ethanol administration. Especially, the AUC value of OC-2 group is statistically low compared to the control group. Accordingly, it indicates the conclusion that VE and OC-1, reducing the blood ethanol and acetaldehyde concentration which are two leading factors of 'hangover' after drinking, and worthwhile to be developed as beverage materials to eliminate 'hangover'.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.1 no.3
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• pp.151-156
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• 1991

In order to construct a yeast strain having high ethanol tolerance together with good lactose fermentation ability, the protoplast fusion using Saccharomyces cerevisiae STV 89 and Kluyveromyces fragilis CBS 397 was carried out. Auxotrophic mutants of K. fragilis were obtained as a selection marker by treatment of ethylmethane sulfonate. The best mutant for protoplast fusion was selected based on the capabilities of ${\beta}-galactosidase$ production and lactose fermentation. The protoplast fusion using polyethylene glycol and calcium chloride solution led to the fusion frequence of $3{\times}10^{-6}$ and a number of fusants were obtained. Among these fusants, a fusant F-3-19 showed the best results in terms of ethanol tolerance, ${\beta}-galactosidase$ activity and lactose fermentation. The performance of lactose fermentation and ethanol tolerance by this fusant were better than those of K. fragilis. Study on the ethanol tolerance having relation to fatty acid composition and intracellular ethanol concentration revealed that the fusant F-3-19 had a higher unsaturated fatty acids content and accumulated less amount of intracellular ethanol compared with a parent of K. fragilis.

• Journal of the Korean Electrochemical Society
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.117-124
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• 2005

Electrochemical oxidation of ethanol at nickel electrodes has been studied in 1 M KOH solution containing 0.20M ethanol using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Equivalent circuits have been worked out by simulating the impedance data, and the results were used to model the oxidation of ethanol as well as the passivation of the electrode. The maximum rate of oxidation of $Ni(OH)_2$ to NiOOH was observed at about 0.37V vs. Ag/AgCl reference electrode, while the maximum rate of ethanol oxidation at the Ni electrode was observed at about 0.42V, The charge-transfer resistance for oxidation of the electrode itself became smaller in the presence of ethanol than in its absence. These results suggest that the $\beta-Ni(OH)_2/\beta-NiOOH$ redox couple is acting as an effective electron transfer mediator far ethanol oxidation. The kinetic parameters also were obtained by the experimental and simulated results.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.255-258
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• 1997

In order to determine the removal efficiency of pesticide residues on apples by ultrasonic cleaner, apples(Fuji var.) were artificially treated by dipping in water solution of fenitrothion EC, chlorpyrifos EC and phenthoate EC. The treated apples were washed by the ultrasonic cleaner with water, 30% ethanol solution or 0.2% detergent solution, respectively. The removal efficiency of fenitrothion, chlorpyrifos and phent-hoate by ultrasonicated washing in water for 0.5min. was 39.2%, 32.0% and 50.4%, respectively, but there was a tendency to decrease the removal efficiency of the pesticide residues as the duration of ultrasonicated washing period is increased. The maximum removal efficiency of the pesticide residues washed in the detergent solution was observed by ultrasonicated washing the samples for 5min. and it was recorded as 33.5% ; fenitrothion, 30.1% ; chlorpyrifos and 48.3% ; phenthoate, respectively. However it's appeared that the longer the ultrasonicated washing period in 30% ethanol solution the more pesticides from the apples were removed and the maximum removal efficiency of the pesticides was recorded as 66.2%(fenitrothion ; washed for 15min.), 41.7%(chlorpyrifos ; washed for 10min.), 74.2%(phenthoate ; washed for 10min.).

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.1344-1348
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• 2003

It is generally known to be difficult to etch a surface of a transparent material such as fused silica by conventional laser ablation in which the surface is simply irradiated with a laser beam. A lot of studies have been done to provide a method capable of efficiently etching transparent materials without defects such as cracks. One of the promising methods or the micro-machining of optically transparent materials is laser induced etching. In this study, micro-drilling of fused silica by laser induced wet etching was conducted. KrF excimer and YAG laser were used as light sources. Acetone solution pyrene and ethanol solution of rhodamine were used as etchant.

• Journal of Power System Engineering
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.124-129
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• 2005

Copper oxide, CuO, are very important components include of high temperature super- conductors, and widely used. The properties of sintered materials were affected by the size and shape of copper oxide with starting materials in the solid-phase reaction. A homogeneous and fine CuO powder was prepared by thermal decomposition of the copper oxalate precursor. Copper oxalate was precipitated by the addition of copper nitrate solution to an oxalic acid solution. The influence of various factors such as temperature, pH, concentration as well as ultrasonic irradiation in the solution were investigated.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.171-174
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• 2007

Sericin beads were prepared from ethanol-precipitated sericin. The addition of ethanol into hot-water extracted sericin solution induced precipitation of sericin and thereby some sericin could be fractionated. The ethanol-precipitated sericin (EpSS) had narrower molecular weight distribution than original sericin. The EpSS had mainly random coil structure with small portion of ${\beta}-sheet$ structure. With the EpSS, spherical beads could be prepared at lower concentration than with original sericin due to higher viscosity. The EpSS beads had better compressive strength than the original sericin beads and had rubber-like property. Our results suggest that EpSS is more compatible in the polymeric field, since it has better mechanical strength than original sericin.

• Fibers and Polymers
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.92-96
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• 2000

A high molecular weight polyhydroxyamide (PHA) solution in N, N-dimethyl acetamide (DMAc) was prepared from 3, 3'-dihydroxybenzidine and isophthalic chloride (IPC), which was used for spinning PHA fiber. Before spinning, the diffusion property of DMAc into various coagulants was examined. The fiber was well formed in coagulants such as water/ethanol with a composition of 5/5, ethanol, and ethanol/isopropanol with a composition of 7/3 and 5/5. However, the PHA fiber spun in the water/ethanol mixture contained voids. After the fiber spun in ethanol was annealed at over $350^{\circ}C$, the ultimate stress and initial modulus of the fiber increased from 75.5 MPa and 3.22 GPa to 369 MPa and 29.5 GPa, respectively. These properties of the PHA fiber spun by the dry spinning method were also enhanced, attaining 154 MPa and 5.56 Gpa, respectivel.