• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.199-203
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• 1986

A tubular tormentor was prepared by packing the wood chips and pumping the yeast solution of Saccharomyces formosensis in a tubular column. Investigations to characterize the ethanol fermentation in the immobilized cell tubular fermentor and to compare such a fermentors with other type fermentors were undertaken. Ethanol productivity of 24.4g EtOH/$\ell$.hr has been obtained from glucose substrate. This productivity is higher or compared favourably with that reported in immobilized bio-reactors.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.265-271
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• 2015

In a previous study, hydrolysates of porcine placenta were obtained and the extraction efficiency for proteins and amino acids was compared between sub- and super-critical water extraction systems; optimum efficiency was found to be achieved using subcritical water ($170^{\circ}C$, 10 bar). In this study, the effects of adding ethanol to the subcritical water system were investigated. The lowest-molecular-weight extraction product detected weighed 434 Da, and the efficiency of extraction for low-molecular-weight products was increased when either the concentration of ethanol was decreased, or the extraction time was lengthened from 10 min to 30 min. The highest concentration of free amino acids (approximately 8 mM) was observed following 30 min extraction using pure distilled water. The concentration of free amino acids was significantly lower when ethanol was added or a shorter extraction time was used (p<0.05). Color change of the solution following extraction was measured. There were no significant differences in color between lysates produced with different extraction times when using distilled water (p>0.05); however, using different extraction times produced significant differences in color when using 20% or 50% ethanol solution for subcritical extraction (p<0.05). The range of pH for the hydrolysate solutions was 6.4-7.5. In conclusion, the investigated extraction system was successful in the extraction of $\leq$ 500 Da hydrolysates from porcine placenta, but addition of ethanol did not yield higher production of low-molecular-weight hydrolysates than that achieved by DW alone.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.307-312
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• 2009

A spectrofluorimetric methods has been developed for the determination of carbaryl in an aqueous solution. The effects of excitation wavelength, concentration of surfactant, concentration of ethanol as cosurfactant and emission wavelength on the fluorescence intensity were investigated to find the optimum experimental conditions to determine carbaryl. The emission intensity of the carbayl was increased with addition of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) as a surfactant. The emission intensity of the carbaryl was further increased with addition of ethanol as a co-surfactant. The optimum conditions were 281 nm for excitation wavelength, $1.0{\times}10^{-2}mol/L$ SDS, 20% (v/v) ethanol and 349 nm for emission wavelength. Under the optimum conditions, the emission intensity increased with the carbaryl concentration in the range of $5{\times}10^{-7}$ to $1.0{\times}10^{-4}mol/L$ with a detection limit ($3{\sigma}$) of $1.1{\times}10^{-8}mol/L$. The resulting correlation coefficient of the working curve was 0.9996.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.38-43
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• 2009

The synthesis of aluminum oxalate, one of the aluminum organic compounds, has been performed using aluminum hydroxide as a raw material. For this aim, domestic aluminum hydroxide of 99.7% purity was dissolved by oxalic acid to produce an aqueous aluminum solution. As a result, it was found that aluminum hydroxide could be dissolved almost completely by the reaction with 1.0 mole/l oxalic acid solution at $90^{\circ}C$ for 16 hr. It was strongly required to keep the ratio of ethanol/Al solution more than 2.0 for the synthesis of aluminum oxalate from the aluminum solution. Furthermore, the pH should be controlled to be more than 8.2 in order to obtain the recovery of aluminum oxalate higher than 90%. From the chemical analysis of aluminum oxalate prepared in this work, the content of $NH_4$, Al and C was found to be 14.5, 7.18 and 17.4%, respectively. Accordingly, the aluminum oxalate synthesized from the aluminum solution was confirmed to be $(NH_4)_3Al(C_2O_4)_3$ $3H_2O$.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.301-306
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• 2014

A porous silicon microcavity (PSMC) sensor has been made for vapors of solvent solutions, and a method has been developed in order to obtain simultaneous determination of two volatile substances with different concentrations. In our work, the temperature of the solution and the velocity of the air stream flowing through the solution have been used to control the response of the sensor for ethanol and acetone solutions. We study the dependence of the cavity-resonant wavelength shift on solvent concentration, velocity of the airflow and solution temperature. The wavelength shift depends linearly on concentration and increases with solution temperature and velocity of the airflow. The dependence of the wavelength shift on the solution temperature in the measurement contains properties of the temperature dependence of the solvent vapor pressure, which characterizes each solvent. As a result, the dependence of the wavelength shift on the solution temperature discriminates between solutions of ethanol and acetone with different concentrations. This suggests a possibility for the simultaneous determination of the volatile substances and their concentrations.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.15 no.7
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• pp.615-620
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• 2002

In the case of immobilizing of glucose oxidase into polypyrrole (PPy) using electrosynthesis, the glucose oxidise (GOx) forms a coordinate bond with the polymers backbone. However, because of intrinsic insulation and net-chain of the enzyme, the charge transfer and mass transport are obstructed during the film growth. Therefore, the film growth is dull. We synthesized enzyme electrodes by electropolymerization added some organic solvent, such as ethanol and tetrahydrofuran (THF). The formative seeds of film growth was delayed by adding ethanol. The delay was induced by radical transfer between ethanol and pyrrole monomer. The radical transfer reactions shared the contribution of dopants between electrolyte anion and GOx polyanion. This led to increase amount of immobilized the enzyme in PPy. For the UV absorption spectra of synthetic solution before synthesis and after, in the case of ethanol added, the optical density was slightly decreased for the GOx peaks. It suggests amount of GOx in the solution was decreased and amount of GOx in the film was increased.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.435-439
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• 2011

In this work, we prepared Fe-Ni alloy nanopowders by wire electrical explosion in deionized water and ethanol. Particles size and morphology of the as-synthesized nanoparticles prepared in water and ethanol were observed by transmission electron microscopy. In both cases, the as-synthesized nanoparticles were in nearly spherical shape and their size distribution was broad. The particles prepared in the water were in core-shell structure due to the oxidation of Fe element. X-ray diffraction was used to analyze the phase of the nanopowders. It showed that the nanopowders prepared in water had ${\gamma}$-Fe-Ni solid solution and FeO phase. The samples obtained in ethanol were in two phases of Fe-Ni solid solution, ${\gamma}$-Fe-Ni and ${\alpha}$-Fe-Ni. Bulk samples were made from the as-synthesized nanopowders by spark plasma sintering at $1000^{\circ}C$ for 10 min. Structure of the bulk sample was observed by scanning electron microscope. Magnetic properties of the as-synthesized nanopowders and the bulk samples were investigated by vibrating sample magnetometer. The hysteresis loop of the assynthesized nanopowders and the sintered bulk samples revealed a ferromagnetic characteristic.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.1054-1058
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• 2003

In order to evaluate the direct effect of estrogenic compounds in oriental herbal medicines, the estrogenic activity was measured using an in vitro detection system. For this system, human breast cancer cell line MCF7 was transfected using an estrogen responsive CAT reporter plasmid. Estrogenic activities of Platycodi radix, Astragali radix and Glycyrrhizae radix were evaluated using this system. Estrogenic activity of a 500 ㎍/ml ethanol extract of Platycodi radix was as same as that of a 10/sup -8/ M standard solution (17β-estradiol) and activity of a 50 ㎍/ml ethanol extract was between those of a 10/sup -8/ M and a 10/sup -9/ M standard solutions. In addition, estrogenic activity of a 50 ㎍/ml ethanol extract of Platycodi radix was as same as that of a 10/sup -10/ M standard solution. The same activity patterns were observed in the system which was treated by Astragali radix or Glycyrrhizae radix extracts. The most effective activity was observed in a system which was treated by Platycodi radix extract, but the least activity was observed by Glycyrrhizae radix extract. In this result, it was confirmed that Platycodi radix, Astragali radix and Glycyrrhizae radix extracts possess estrogenic compounds.

• Journal of Apiculture
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.391-394
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• 2017

Propolis is made by bees collecting protective material or essence of plants and mixing with saliva and enzymes produced by the salivary glands. It is used to repair the inside of the honeycomb, keep it sterile, and adjust the temperature and humidity. Propolis is a natural antibiotic substance that it is used to make a clean room by coating the cell before the queen bee lay eggs, and preventing the bacteria from invading by using with wax when sealing the nursery room. Propolis extract is a health functional food with antioxidant and oral antimicrobial effects. In order to use propolis in food, its active ingredients are extracted with ethanol. Water-soluble propolis was prepared by mixing and stirring honey and ethanol extracted propolis (EEP) solution. When 1kg of honey and 100ml of ethanol extracted propolis solution were mixed and stirred, the total flavonoid content of water-soluble propolis was $6.6{\pm}1.1mg/10g$, and the free radical scavenging effects of water-soluble propolis were 54 to 74%.

• Journal of the FoodService Safety
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.21-28
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• 2023

Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Zygosaccharomyces rouxii are known to produce alcohol in gochujang. To reduce alcohol production, garlic and chives were applied to gochujang solution to find their inhibitory effect on S. cerevisiae and Z. rouxii. The 70% ethanol extract of garlic and chives showed significant inhibition activity against S. cerevisiae and Z. rouxii, showing growth inhibition zone of 14.00±0.00~25.33±0.58 mm by disc diffusion method. In addition, the addition of 70% ethanol extract of garlic and chives in 10% gochujang solution spiked with S. cerevisiae and Z. rouxii reduced the numbers of total aerobic bacteria (below 7 Log CFU/g) and yeast (below 4 Log CFU/g), alcohol content (below 0.30%), respectively. In conclusion, the addition of garlic ethanol (70%) extract or chives ethanol (70%) extract to gochujang inhibited the growth of S. cerevisiae and Z. rouxii, resulting in reduced alcohol content in gochujang. For further study, it is necessary to conduct food application experiments by using real gochujang paste.