• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.62-70
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• 2011

Nowadays image sensor is an essential component in many multimedia devices, and it is covered by a color filter array to filter out specific color components at each pixel. We need a certain algorithm to combine those color components reconstructed a full color image from incomplete color samples output from an image sensor, which is called a demosaicking process. Most existing demosaicking algorithms are developed for ideal image sensors, but they do not work well for the practical cases because of dissimilar characteristics of each sensor. In this paper, we propose a new demosaicking algorithm in which the color filter characteristics are fully utilized to generate a good image. To demonstrate significance of our algorithm, we used a commerically available sensor, CBN385B, which is a sort of Honeycomb-style CFA(Color Filter Array) CCD image sensor. As a performance metric of the algorithm, PSNR(Peak Signal to Noise Ratio) and RGB distribution of the output image are used. We first implemented our algorithm in C-language for simulation on various input images. As a result, we could obtain much enhanced images whose PSNR was improved by 4~8 dB compared to the commonly idealized approaches, and we also could remove the inclined red property which was an unique characteristics of the image sensor(CBN385B).Then we implemented it in hardware to overcome its problem of computational complexity which made it operate slow in software. The hardware was verified on Spartan-3E FPGA(Field Programable Gate Array) to give almost the same performance as software, but in much faster execution time. The total logic gate count is 45K, and it handles 25 image frmaes per second.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.195-202
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• 2004

Micellar catalysis is an essential part of theoretical and experimental curricular. The sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) catalyzed reaction between glycine and potassium permanganate in acidic medium is an ideal kinetic experiment for the secondary and undergraduate physical chemistry laboratory, to show the effect of micellar catalysis on rate of the reaction. The reaction is conducted both with and without SDS to observe the rate enhancement in the presence of surfactant. To show surfactant catalysis a plot between k and [SDS] is plotted. As surfactant catalysis is observed even before the critical micelle concentration of SDS, this pre-micellar catalysis can be understood in the light of positive co-operativity. The value of positive cooperative index (n) has been found to be 2.37. Further, dependence of the reaction rate on substrate and oxidant concentrations is also discussed. The reaction follows pseudo-first-order kinetics. The overall reaction is second order, with first-order dependence on both glycine and permanganate concentrations. The theory of surfactant catalysis is also discussed. With the conditions specified in the experiment, total reaction times are in 3~4 hours lab session, thus allowing several data sets to be acquired in a single laboratory period. Preparation of solutions and procedure is also given in detail.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.132-139
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• 2016

The progressive attrition of teeth is a normal process by aging. However, excessive tooth wear with decreased vertical dimension of occlusion and collapse of occlusal plane may cause pathologic pulpal condition, occlusal disharmony, functional disorders and esthetic problems. The change of vertical dimension is required in case that there is no sufficient clearance for restoration or in case that the occlusal relationship is modified. For gaining the vertical dimension, a careful diagnosis is essential prior to starting the restoration treatment. After evaluating adaptation of neuromuscular system of patient during provisional phase, the final restorations can be fabricated. In this case, a 78 year old male with severely worn down dentition was treated. To improve the esthetic appearance and to achieve the ideal occlusal relationship, the full mouth rehabilitation with minimal increase of vertical dimension is planned and diagnostic wax-up was performed at the increased vertical dimension. After evaluation of provisional restorations for 12 weeks, final restorations were fabricated and routine clinical assessments were made. After 1 year, the restorations with newly established occlusal scheme are well maintained without significant complications and esthetically and functionally satisfactory results were obtained.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.573-584
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• 2015

Inquiry has been consistently emphasized in science education as a crucial element for learning. Although many researchers came to agree on the importance of scientific inquiry, authentic inquiry activities are hard to be actualized in an educational context. Therefore it is required to critically examine what teachers have difficulty in teaching inquiry. In this article, we looked into inquiry-based science activities in a small group setting where pre-service science teachers faced dilemmas between cognition and practice of inquiry. A case study was conducted on eight undergraduate students who are majoring in science education. The participants attended a weekly science program for middle school students in low SES as teaching assistants and mentors, and took full care of his/her mentees during open-inquiry activities. The results were drawn by analyzing participants' personal and group interviews, participant observations, self-reports, and others. The pre-service teachers viewed the knowledge and procedure of science as an essential factor in inquiry activities along with student's spontaneous attitude. However, in the process of performing inquiry, they faced several dilemmas between ideal cognition and real activities. The aspects of dilemmas could be summarized in three pairs of opposing concepts: 'diverging inquiry or converging science', 'interest-centered inquiry or learning-centered inquiry', and 'student as the subject or student with the insufficient expertise.' We discussed ways of resolving dilemmas and alternative perspectives on scientific inquiry.

• Journal of East Asia Management
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.29-49
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• 2020

In an intensively competitive global market, small-and medium-sized firms are puzzled about how to develop sustainable competitive advantages against global rivalries, thus leading satisfactory economic performance. However, despite the roles and contributions of such small-and medium-sized firms in the local community and national economies in Japan, little guidance has been offered to the practical issues related to their strategic behaviors toward global management. To fill this notable knowledge gap, this study aims to investigate the conditions in which how Japanese small-and medium-sized could dominates global market, which is one of key challenges in the literature of small business and entrepreneurship. To obtain better insights to this research area, this study undertakes an in-depth interview survey with I.S.T (Industrial Summit Technology) Corporation that shows off the highest global market share (40 per cent) with seamless polyimide tube product widely used in office automation equipment (e.g., copiers and printers). This method of survey is designed to deeply understand historical considerations about how I.S.T Corporation could dominate in the global market of such seamless polyimide tube product. Based on findings drawn from an interview, this study identifies five major factors enabling I.S.T Corporation to be a competitive global hidden company: vision sharing through founder's entrepreneurship, core competence, strategic network, risk management, and employee engagement. Specifically, to become a global hidden champion, sharing the vision motivating employees to partake in shaping company's future will be the first step on the road to global success through founder's entrepreneurship. However, in order to achieve such a vision, the importance of company's core competence cannot be overemphasized, which differentiates your customer solution with those of competitors. As such, a group of experts will be naturally formed and demonstrates your expertise in the global market, thereby building sustainable competitiveness. On the other hand, to maintain sustainable competitiveness, it is necessary to make up for the weaknesses small-and medium-sized firms suffer from competitive resources while strengthening their own strengths through strategic networks with external organizations. Here, every company has to understand the critical role of risk management, which is essential in this process of being global company so as not to lose your own strengths. Last but not least, do not forget the significant effects of employee engagement in firm performance. To enhance employees' engagement, a company has to create an ideal organization culture which fits into company's history and personality. In doing so, such organization culture can allow the vision and strategy to be implemented into detailed business tactics while facilitating employees to challenge the status quo by experimenting with creative ideas.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.383-392
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• 2011

The basic research of the estuarine circulation at Gyeong-Gi bay has not been well studied up to now, although coastal development pressures have been continuously increased. To understand the oceanographic phenomena at the Han River estuary, it's essential to understand the propagation characteristic of tidal wave which is the strongest external forcing in this region. In this study, we investigate the tidal wave propagation characteristics along the 3 major channels using observation data and numerical model. It is found that 3 channels are all hyper-synchronous and the most important physical factor controlling the tidal wave propagation is topographical convergence of estuary shape and friction. The result of analytic solution at ideal channel considering the topographical convergence and friction show that the contribution of physical role of convergence and friction varies at 3 different channel. And the ratio of convergence and friction at Yeomha channel is four times larger than Seokmo channel. Because of this effect, the location of maximum amplitude at Yeomha channel is showed up downward than Seokmo channel. The ratio of decreasing amplitude and increasing phase per unit distance between stations is bigger than Seokmo channel. Although 3 major channel show a hyper-synchronous pattern, Yeomha shows more frictionally dominant channel and Seokmo channel is more dominantly affected by convergence effect.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.117-121
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• 1994

In spite of remarkable improvement of surgical skills and anesthesia, local failure still occurred in 36-45$ \% $ of locally advanced colorectal cancer after curative resection with or without pre-or post-operative irradiation. Intraoperative radiation therapy(IORT) is the ideal modality which resectable lesions are removed surgically 3nd the remaining cancer nests are sterilized by irradiation during a surgical procedure. Therefore, the excellent local control without the damage of the adjacent normal tissues can be achieved. In IORT, judicious set up of the treatment cone on the treatment surface of the patient is required for accurate and homogenous dose distribution within treatment field, especially on the slopping surface of sacrum and pelvic sidewall which are the common sites of the local recurrence in rectal cancer. For this purpose, adequate co-ordination of gantry rotation and table tilting are essential. Adjusting gantry rotation is not difficult but tilting of the table is impossible inconventional treatment couch. Department of Therapeutic Radiology in Yeungnam University Medical Center developed the IORT table for colorectal cancer which is easy to set up and detach on the Linac treatment couch within 5 minutes. The range of tilting with head-up and head-down is about 30 degree which is efficient and easy-to-use, not only for IORT but also for colorectal surgery. So far, authors performed IORT with newly developed treatment table in 2 patients with rectal cancer and we found that this newly developed table could contribute in improving the dose distribution of IORT and surgical procedure for colorectal cancer.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.1-13
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• 2017

Objectives : This paper serves to explore current trends of systems biology in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and examine how it may influence the Traditional Korean medicine. Methods : Literature review method was collectively used to classify Introduction to systems biology, diagnosis and syndrome classification of systems biology in TCM perspective, physiotherapy including acupuncture, herbs and formula functions, TCM systems biology, and directions of academic development. Results : The term 'Systems biology' is coined as a combination of systems science and biology. It is a field of study that tries to understand living organism by establishing a theory based on an ideal model that analyzes and predicts the desired output with understanding of interrelationships and dynamics between variables. Systems biology has an integrated and multi-dimensional nature that observes the interaction among the elements constructing the network. The current state of systems biology in TCM is categorized into 4 parts: diagnosis and syndrome, physical therapy, herbs and formulas and academic development of TCM systems biology and its technology. Diagnosis and syndrome field is focusing on developing TCM into personalized medicine by clarifying Kidney yin deficiency patterns and metabolic differences among five patterns of diabetes and analyzing plasma metabolism and biomarkers of coronary heart disease patients. In the field of physical therapy such as acupuncture and moxibustion, researchers discovered the effect of stimulating acupoint ST40 on gene expression and the effects of acupuncture on treating functional dyspepsia and acute ischemic stroke. Herbs and formulas were analyzed with TCM network pharmacology. The therapeutic mechanisms of Si Wu Tang and its series formulas are explained by identifying potential active substances, targets and mechanism of action, including metabolic pathways of amino acid and fatty acid. For the academic development of TCM systems biology and its technology, it is necessary to integrate massive database, integrate pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, as well as systems biology. It is also essential to establish a platform to maximize herbal treatment through accumulation of research data and diseases-specific, or drug-specific network combined with clinical experiences, and identify functions and roles of molecules in herbs and conduct animal-based studies within TCM frame. So far, few literature reviews exist for systems biology in traditional Korean medicine and they merely re-examine known efficacies of simple substances, herbs and formulas. For the future, it is necessary to identify specific mechanisms of working agents and targets to maximize the effects of traditional medicine modalities. Conclusions : Systems biology is widely accepted and studied in TCM and already advanced into a field known as 'TCM systems biology', which calls for the study of incorporating TCM and systems biology. It is time for traditional Korean medicine to acknowledge the importance of systems biology and present scientific basis of traditional medicine and establish the principles of diagnosis, prevention and treatment of diseases. By doing so, traditional Korean medicine would be innovated and further developed into a personalized medicine.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.85-92
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• 2018

In this study investigated the factors for the career preparation behaviors of social welfare major students based on Lent et al. (1994)'s Social-cognitive Career Theory so as to provide essential baseline data for establishing proper career support strategies that suit the distinctive nature of social welfare studies. The participants of this study are 132 social welfare major students from three colleges who have completed social welfare field education. This study analyzed the relationship between cognitive factor (outcome expectation), vocational interest factor (major selection satisfaction), goal factor (career decision level), and work performance factor (career preparation behavior). For analysis, SPSS 24.0 and AMOS 24.0 were used. The analysis results are as follows. First, the model's goodness of fit was found to be at a statistically ideal level with CFI=.904, TLI=.887, and RMSEA=.068. Second, the result of analyzing the correlation between the primary variables is as follows: as outcome expectation increased, major selection satisfaction grew, which then increased the career decision level and led to the improvement in career preparation behavior. These results indicate the importance of developing a customized route support program considering the perceived and interesting factors of individual students to improve their career preparation behavior for social welfare majors.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2013.02a
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• pp.108-109
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• 2013

Mitochondria play key roles in the production of cell's energy. Their dominant function is the synthesis of adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) from adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and phosphate (Pi) through the oxidative phosphorylation. Evaluation of drug-induced mitochondrial toxicity has become increasingly important since mitochondrial dysfunction has recently been implicated in numerous diseases including cancer and diabetes mellitus. Mitochondrial functions have been monitored via oxygen consumption, mitochondrial membrane potential, and more importantly via ATP synthesis since ATP synthesis is the most essential function of mitochondria. Various analytical methods have been employed to investigate ATP synthesis in mitochondria, including high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), bioluminescence technique, and pH measurement. However, most of these methods are based on destructive analysis or indirect monitoring through the enzymatic reaction. Infrared absorption spectroscopy (IRAS) is one of the useful techniques for real-time, label-free, and direct monitoring of biological reactions [1,2]. However, the strong water absorption requires very short path length in the order of several micrometers. Transmission measurements with thin path length are not suitable for mitochondrial assays because solution handlings necessary for evaluating mitochondrial toxicity, such as rapid mixing of drugs and oxygen supply, are difficult in such a narrow space. On the other hand, IRAS in the multiple internal reflection (MIR) geometry provides an ideal optical configuration to combine solution handling and aqueous-phase measurement. We have recently reportedon a real-time monitoring of drug-induced necrotic and apoptotic cell death using MIR-IRAS [3,4]. Clear discrimination between viable and damaged cells has been demonstrated, showing a promise as a label-free and real-time detection for cell-based assays. In the present study, we have applied our MIR-IRAS system to mitochondria-based assays by monitoring ATP synthesis in isolated mitochondria from rat livers. Mitochondrial ATP synthesis and hydrolysis were in situ monitored with MIR-IRAS, while dissolved oxygen level and solution pH were simultaneously monitored with O2 and pH electrodes, respectively. It is demonstrated that ATP synthesis and hydrolysis can be monitored by the IR spectral changes in phosphate groups in adenine nucleotides and MIR-IRAS is useful for evaluating time-dependent drug effects of mitochondrial toxicants.