• Proceedings of the Ginseng society Conference
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• 1980.09a
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• pp.245-249
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• 1980

Total saponins extracted from Panox ginseng have no effect on the cytotoxic T-cell activity, and natural killer cell activity in mice infected with A/WSN influenza virus. The saponins, however suppressed delayed-type hypersensitivity responses to the virus and to sheep erythrocytes when administered to the animal before sensitization. Thus a prophylactic anti-inflammatory action of the total saponins of ginseng is observed, which may be related to their steroid-like structure.

• Proceedings of the Korean Biophysical Society Conference
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• 1999.06a
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• pp.28-28
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• 1999

The movement of water across cell plasma membranes occurs in all cell types but is particularly rapid in erythrocytes, renal tubular cells. In principle, osmotic/oncotic gradients and hydrostatic pressure difference can drive water across a cell layer by transcellular or paracellular pathways. The aquaporin family of molecular water channels, which now number 10 in mammals and many more in plants and lower organism, are likely to provide a molecular pathway for water transport in some cell membranes.(omitted)

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2003.10b
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• pp.141.2-142
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• 2003

beta-Amyloid (A$\beta$) peptide is the major component of senile plaques and considered to have a causal role in the development and progression of Alzheimer's disease. There has been compelling evidence supporting that $A\beta$-induced cytotoxicity is mediated through oxidative and/or nitrosative stress. Recently, considerable attention has been focused on dietary manipulation of oxidative and/or nitrosative damage. L-Egrothioneine (EGT) is a low-molecular weight naturally occurring thiol compound of dietary origin which exists in milimolar concentrations in the brain, liver, kindney, erythrocytes, ocular tissues and in seminal fluids of mammals. (omitted)

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.253-258
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• 1987

The erythrocytes(E) rosette forming capacity of peripheral blood lymphocytes(PBL) in Korean native cattle was determined with 2-aminoethylisothiouronium bromide hydrobromide(AET) and dextran(Dex)-treated sheep erythrocytes(SRBC). To further standardize the assay, optimum concentration of AET and/or Dex-treatment and incubation time for rosette forming cell(RFC) counts were determined. In untreated SRBC resuspended in the rosetting medium(RPMI 1640 containing 10% FCS), PBL from 7 animals formed low percentage of rosettes($7.8{\pm}6.0%$). Both AET and Dex treatment not only enhanced the rosette formation but also made it easy to enumerate rosettes by increasing numbers of SRBC attached on them. SRBC treated with 0.1M AET for 20 min or 8% Dex formed the highest percentages of rosettes, ($35.7{\pm}6.0%$ and $48.3{\pm}4.7%$, respectively) and were used in subsequent studies. With SRBC treated with 0.1M AET for 20 min and suspended in 8% Dex, the maximum RFC observed were $56.6{\pm}6.8%$ in female and $65.8{\pm}6.3%$ in male and the rates of RFC did not change significantly between 3 and 20 hr incubation time at ${4^{\circ}C}$.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.287-300
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• 2007

Objectives : The genotoxicity of extract of "Hyeonggaeyeongyotang", a polyherbal formula has been used as a tonic agents in oriental medicine was tested. Methods : Extract of "Hyeonggaeyeongyotang" was tested by In Vitro Chromosome Aberration Test, Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assay and Micronucleus test according to OECD Guidelines and KFDA Guidelines [2005-60]. Results : The obtained results were as follows: 1. Chromosome Aberration Test: No significant changes in the number of aberrant metaphases having structural and number of aberrations were detected in all concentrations of "Hyeonggaeyeongyotang" extracts treated in this study. 2. Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assay: No significant increases in the number of revertant colonies compared to its negative control were detected in all concentrations of "Hyeonggaeyeongyotang" extracts treated in this study against all 5 strains except for $50{\mu}g/ml$ treated group where significantly decreases in colony numbers were detected agains all five strains used in this study as pharmacological effects not genotoxicity. 3. Micronucleus test: No significant changes in the number of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes among 2000 polychromatic erythrocytes compared to negative control were detected in all "Hyeonggaeyeongyotang" extracts-dosing groups tested. Conclusions : From above-mentioned results, it is concluded that "Hyeonggaeyeongyotang" extracts have not any genotoxicity against In Vitro Chromosome Aberration Test, Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assay and Micronucleus test.

• BMB Reports
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.350-357
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• 1999

At concentrations of 1 mM, the protective effects of carnosine and related compounds including anserine, homocarnosine, histidine, ${\beta}$-alanine were investigated against copper-catalyzed oxidative damage to deoxyribose, ascorbic acid, human serum albumin, liposome, and erythrocytes. Carnosine and anserine reduced Cu (II) to bathocuproine-reactive Cu (I) in a time- a and a dose-dependent manner while the others did not. Carnosine reduced 86% of $100\;{\mu}M$ Cu (II) in 60 min. Carnosine, homocarnosine, anserine, and histidine inhibited copper-catalyzed deoxyribose degradation by 75, 66, 65, and 45%, respectively. In the presence of $1\;{\mu}M$ Cu (II), carnosine and related compounds inhibited ascorbic acid oxidation by 55-85% after incubation for 20 min. In the presence of 0.15 mM ascorbic acid and 0.8 mM $H_2O_2$, carnosine, anserine, homocarnosine, and histidine inhibited copper-catalyzed oxidation of human serum albumin by 41, 21, 29, and 24%, respectively, as determined by carbonyl formation. These compounds also significantly inhibited copper-catalyzed liposomal lipid peroxidation as measured by malondialehyde and lipid hydroperoxides. Carnosine, anserine, homocarnosine, and histidine inhibited hemolysis of bovine erythrocytes induced by 0.1 mM Cu (II). These results suggest that histidine-containing dipeptides may play an important role in protecting against free radical-mediated tissue damage.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.287-292
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• 2001

It has been known that the hemolymph node is one of the lymphoid organs found normally in ruminants and some rodents, and this organ shares morphological and functional characteristics of lymph node and spleen. To clanify the rigorous definition of morphological structures and functions of the hemolymph node in Wistar Kyoto(WKY)rats, we examined these organs of WKY rats gross anatomically and light microscopically. The hemolymph nodes were normally found in the abdominal cavity and in the neck of WKY rats. This organ was surrounded by a thin connective tissue capsule and there was a hilus. The parenchyma comprised a cortex of lymphatic nodules and diffuse lymphatic tissues, and a medulla of diffuse lymphatic tissues arranged in cords. Afferent and efferent lymph vessels were observed but there was no extensive subcapsular and medullary sinuses. These sinuses were filled with erythrocytes. The stroma of hemolymph nodes was composed of reticular cells and fibers, and many lymphocytes, granulocytes, erythrocytes, plasma cells, macrophages and megakaryocytes were supported by the reticular network. The above findings suggest that the hemolymph nodes of WKY rats may take part in blood formation, blood filtration and immune reaction.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.587-599
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• 2000

This study was conducted to observe the severity of the disease and pathogenecity of Babesia gibsoni parasite on the splenectomized dogs(SPD) and nonsplenectomized(intact) dogs (NSPD) experimentally infected with B gibsoni. The average prepatent period was 4 days in the SPD and 8 days in the NSPD, respectively. Peak parasitaemia(PE) ranged from 26% to 34% of erythrocytes infected in the SPD and from 4% to 5% in the NSPD. Latent parasitaemia was still detectable 40 days as low as under 1.0% of erythrocytes infected after the initial parasitaemia in the SPD. Blood packed cell volume(PCV) decreased to as little as 6.4% to 6.9% in the SPD. The clinical signs were mild fever and anemia in the NSPD, remissions and exacervations of temperature, intermittent or spike-like increases of temperature, progressive polychromatophilic macrocytic anemia with anisocytosis, icterus, marked loss of appetite, rarely haemoglobinuria, and deep brown-yellowish urine in the SPD. Gross pathologic changes mainly involved slightly enlargement of liver and spleen in the NSPD and marked enlargement of liver in the SPD. Anatomic changes associated with the disease included diffuse periportal and centrilobular hephatitis, and membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis. Hyaline droplets, resulting protein metabolic alterations, were found in the convoluted ephithelium of the kidney. The density of lymphocytes within the liver sinusoids was markedly increased. Aggregates of large monocytes and macrophages were demonstrated in the centrilobular veins of the liver. The density of these cells in the centrilobular veins were greatest in the SPD. The forms of B gibsoni parasite found in the acute stage of SPD were large signet ring form, small signet ring form, pyriform, elongated form, comma form, head-phone form, oval form, peared form, racket-like form, amoeboid form, triangle form, quartered form, dot form, band form and multiple, and rosette form, et al. The severity of the disease and pathogenecity of B gibsoni parasite were mild in the NSPD but fatal in the SPD.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.137-143
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• 1993

This study was carried out to completelycure the experimental bovine theileriasis with small unilamella vesicle liposome incorporated buparvaquone which was effective both to schizonts in lymphocyte of lymph nodes and piroplasmic stage in erythrocytes. Small unilamella vesicle liposome incorporated buparvaquone was prepared by French pressure cell method using egg phosphatidylcholine. The diameter of the vesicles was ranged from 5 to 220 nm, but the most vesicles were ranged from 10 to 50 nm in diameter. The incorporation rate for buparvaquone was 100%. Parasitaemia of the 10 calves inoculated with $5{\times}10^8$ erythrocytes infected with Theileria sergenti were first detected from on day 16 to day 23 after inoculation. In calves treated with a dose rate 2.5 mg/kg BW of free buparvaquone, a gradual decrease in piroplasmic parasitaemia was observed following treatment to day 5. However parasitaemia levels returned to near pretreatment values after approximately 60 days. In calves treated with a dose rate 5.0mg/kg BW of free buparvaquone, parasitaemia were disappeared on day 3 after treatment, but there was a mild recrudescence of infection on day 28 after treatment. In calves treated intraavenously with a dose rate 2.5 mg/kg BW of buparvaquone incorporated in liposome, the calves were all cured on day 2 or day 3 after treatment. In calves treated subcutaneously and intraperiotoneally with a dose rate 2.5 mg/kg BW of buparvaquone incorporated in liposome, parasitaemia were disappeared on day 3 or day 4 after treatment, but there was a mild recrudescence of infection on day 40 or day 45 after treatment.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.123-131
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• 1993

The cultured flounder(Paralichthys olivaceus) was injected with Staphylococcus epidermidis, various hematological and blood chemical changes were monitored over 96 hours. Red blood cell count, hemoglobin hematocrit. mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration and mean corpuscular hemoglobin were significantly depressed after 24 to 48hours. Total protein, albumin, globulin and total cholestrol were significantly increased by the 24 or 48 hours, Glucose, bilirubin and transaminase were significantly depressed by 24 to 48hours. Erythrocytes were gotten shorter with round-shaped after 48hours inoculated with S. cpidermidis. Hemolytic erythrocytes and neutrophils were showed after 72hours inoculated with S. epidermidis. Price-Jones curve was transformed for left shift after 48hours inoculated with S. epidermidis, therfore staphylococcia appeared hemolytic anemia in the artificially infection.