• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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• v.9 no.4 s.33
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• pp.467-477
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• 1997

A series of experimental tests have been performed on a tube beam in which artificial damage is applied in order to address damage detectability using modal analysis. Modal parameters considered are frequency, displacement mode shape and strain mode shape CoMAC(Coordinate Modal Assurance Criterion) and Modal Vector Error have been adopted for presenting the change of displacement mode shape and strain mode shape. It is revealed strain mode shape is the most sensitive to damage.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.647-654
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• 2021

This study examines the non-performing loans of rural banks and macroeconomic factors in Indonesia, including inflation, exchange rates, and interest rates. Theoretically, the existence of erratic macroeconomic conditions can affect the level of non-performing credit risk in rural credit banks in Indonesia. The effect of macroeconomic conditions on non-performing loans has a different response for each economic sector. The main objective of this study is to determine the effect of macroeconomic factors (inflation, exchange rates, and interest rates) and bank-specific factors (credit) on the Non-Performing Loans (NPL) of Rural Banks in Indonesia for the period from January 2015 to December 2018. This study uses a Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) estimation to determine the effect of independent variables consisting of macroeconomic factors and bank-specific factors. Based on the estimation results of the Vector Error Correction Model, three variables that have a positive and significant effect on long-term non-performing loans are credit, inflation, and interest rates. Meanwhile, in the short term, there are only two variables that have a positive and significant effect on non-performing loans, namely, credit and interest rates. Inflation and exchange rate variables have a negative and insignificant effect on bad credit in the short term.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.9 no.10
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• pp.29-38
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• 2022

Ready-made Garments (RMG) export earnings, which are almost 80% of the total exports of Bangladesh, have been recognized as one of the main catalysts for the recent development of the country. Therefore, the need to determine whether the RMG export had served as a mechanism for increasing the GDP growth as well as the economic development of the country is topical and pressing. We have applied the Johansen Co-integration test and Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) to reveal the linkage of RMG export earnings and other variables with the GDP growth rate in Bangladesh. Using data from 1990 to 2020 for Bangladesh, we have found long-run as well as short-run associations among RMG Export earnings, Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), and GDP growth. A co-integration among the variables is validated through the Johansen Co-integration test. Moreover, a causal correlation running from RMG export earnings to GDP was revealed by the Granger causality test in the long run. Finally, we estimated impulse response functions to observe the variations of model variables in response to a shock. Our result supports the proposition that RMG export earnings are one of the main growth engines in Bangladesh and this sector leads growth in other sectors also in the long term.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.75-86
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• 2019

This study performs a factor analysis that affects the bunker oil price using the Co-integration model and Vector Error Correction Model (VECM). For this purpose, we use data from Clarkson and the analysis results show 17.6% decrease in bunker oil price when the amount of crude oil production increases at 1.0%, 10.3% increase in bunker oil price when the seaborne trade volume increases at 1.0%, 1.0% decrease in bunker oil price when total volume of vessels increases at 1.0%, and 0.003% increase in bunker oil price when 1.0% increase in world GDP, respectively. This study is meaningful in that this study estimates the speed of convergence to long-term equilibrium and identifies the price adjust mechanism which naturally exists in bunker oil market. And it is expected that the future study can provide statistically more meaningful econometric results if it can obtain data during more long-periods and use more various kinds of explanatory variables.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.471-476
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• 2009

In this paper, we apply a discriminative weight training to a support vector machine (SVM) based speech/music classification for the selectable mode vocoder (SMV) of 3GPP2. In our approach, the speech/music decision rule is expressed as the SVM discriminant function by incorporating optimally weighted features of the SMV based on a minimum classification error (MCE) method which is different from the previous work in that different weights are assigned to each the feature of SMV. The performance of the proposed approach is evaluated under various conditions and yields better results compared with the conventional scheme in the SVM.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
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• 1996.06a
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• pp.181-185
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• 1996

Color image is largely corrupted by various ambient illumination. However, human perceives always white color as white under any illumination because of a characteristic of human vision, called color constancy. In the conventional algorithm which applied the constancy effect, after the RGB color space is transformed to the IHS(Intensity, Hue, and Saturation) color space, then the hue is preserved and the intensity or the saturation is properly enhanced. Then the enhanced IHS color is reversely transformed to the RGB color space. In this process, the color distortion is included due to the color gamut error. But in the proposed algorithm, there is not transformation. In that, the RGB color is considered as 3 dimensional color vector and we assume that white color is the natural daylight. As the color vector of the illumination can be calculated as the average vector of R, G, and B image, we can achieve the constancy effect by simply rotating the illumination vector to the white color vector. The simulation results show the efficiency of the vector rotating process for color image enhancement.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.439-451
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• 2000

To compute derivatives using matrix vector multiplication method, new algorithms were introduced in [1.2]n By these algorithms, we reduced roundoff error in computing derivative using Chebyshev collocation methods (CCM). In this paper, some applications of these algorithms ar presented.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.94-100
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• 1995

Vector autoregressive process disturbed by measurement error is a vector autoregressive process with nonlineat parametric restrictions on the parameter. A Newton-Raphson procedure for estimating the parameter which take advantage of the information contained in the restrictions is proposed.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.34 no.12A
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• pp.991-997
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• 2009

Transmit beamforming is simple method to achieve the full diversity gain that is available in multiple antenna(MIMO) wireless systems. Unfortunately, the prior condition to achieve this gain requires perfect channel knowledge at both transmitter and receiver, which is impractical on account of limited feedback link. Therefore, for the practical system, codebook based feedback scheme is often employed, where the beamforming vector is selected from the codebook to maximize the output signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at receiver, and the receiver only sends back the index of the best beamforming vector to the transmitter. In this paper we derive analytical expression of average bit error rate (BER) for the codebook based transmit beamforming MISO system over the feedback error channel. Using this analytical result, we present optimum codebook indexing scheme to improve the performance of this system. From some selected numerical examples we show that our proposed codebook indexing scheme can provide nonnegligible performance improvements in terms of average BER over the severe feedback error channel.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.390-392
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• 2007

In this paper, we propose a new error concealment (EC) method using inter-layer correlation for scalable video coding. In the proposed method, the auxiliary motion vector (MV) and the auxiliary mode number (MN) of intra prediction are interleaved into the bitstream to recover the corrupted frame. In order to reduce the bit rate, the proposed method encodes the difference between the original and the predicted values of the MV and MN instead of the original values. Experimental results show that the proposed EC outperforms the conventional EC by 2.8 dB to 6.7 dB.