• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
• /
• v.27 no.1
• /
• pp.92-98
• /
• 2013

Bee Venom(below BV) has been used in alternative medicine to treat the diseases, such as pain diseases. BV contains a variety of peptides, including melittin, apamin, adolapin, MCD peptide, enzymes(i.e. PLA2), amines(i.e. histamine and epinephrine), and nonpeptide components. The two main components of BV are melittin and PLA2. The cell cytotoxic effects through the activation of PLA2 by melittin have been suggested to be the critical mechanism for the depress of cancer cell. Melittin and PLA2 have been reported to induce apoptosis and to possess anti-cancer effects and neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells. Analysis of proliferation was confirmed by MTT assay. BV decreased cell number through dose- and duration-dependent manner and these effects are apparent at a concentration of 3 ${\mu}g/ml$. To observe which signaling molecules will be activated by BV, phosphorylation of ERK, p38 MAPK, JNK and ERM were examined by Western blot analysis. To study the long term effect of BV in human gastric adenocarcinoma cell lines, the image of cells treated with BV for 4 days were obtained. BV was shown to exhibit anti-cancer activity in human gastric adenocarcinoma cell lines at a broad range of concentrations of 3 ${\mu}g/ml$. ERK, p38 MAPK and JNK were found to increase in BV treated cells. However, ERM which known to be involved in the cell death, was gradually decreased to 30minutes after addition 3 ${\mu}g/ml$ of BV. These results provide a possible BV-induced inhibitory signal for cancer proliferation that is initiated by the decrease in ERM activity. Moreover, it is likely that the activation of ERK, p38 MAPK and JNK are required for the BV-induced inhibition of cancer proliferation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Technology Engineers
• /
• v.24 no.1
• /
• pp.15-22
• /
• 2015

In the present paper we report the results of a study into Friction Stir Welds (FSWs) made in 13 mm-thick 12%-Cr steel plates. Based on residual strains obtained by diffraction techniques, eigenstrain analysis was performed using the Eigenstrain Reconstruction Method (ERM), which is a novel methodology for the reconstruction of full-field residual strain and stress distributions within engineering components. Significant eigenstrain distributions were found at around Thermo-Mechanically Affected Zone (TMAZ) where the most severe plastic deformation was occurred. Microstructure analysis was used to elucidate this phenomenon showing that the grain structure in TMAZ was bent and not successfully recrystallised, resulting in severe deformation behaviour. The reconstructed residual strain distributions by the ERM agree well with the experimental results. It was found that the approach based on theory of eigenstrain is a powerful basis for reconstructing the full-field residual strain/stress distributions in engineering components and structures.

• Journal of Korean Society of Archives and Records Management
• /
• v.5 no.1
• /
• pp.65-77
• /
• 2005

This paper aims to introduce the background history and development of records management in brief prior to and after the 1990s based on the records life cycle. This paper also explains the development of electronic document imaging systems and shifts to ERM systemsin the 1990s. The paper explains functional requirements in archival management and software application standards suggested by the industry of electronic records management. The paper concludes with providing problems and issues associated with software design in electronic records management for further development.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
• /
• v.45 no.3
• /
• pp.171-180
• /
• 2022

The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance and virulence factors in staphylococci isolated from canine otitis externa. A total 295 causative microorganisms were isolated. The most common isolated species were Staphylococcus (S) pseudintermedius (94 isolates) followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (60 isolates), S. schleiferi (25 isolates), Escherichia coli (23 isolates) and Proteus mirabilis (20 isolates). Staphylococci isolates were showed high resistance to penicillin (78.6%), erythromycin (55.9%), tetracycline (52.4%), clindamycin (51.7%) and ciprofloxacin (42.8%). Of the 145 staphylococci isolates, 49 (33.8%) methicillin-resistant staphylococci (MRS) were observed, distributed among S. pseudintermedius (n=34), S. schleiferi (n=6), S. epidermis (n=4), S. hominis (n=2), S. aureus, S. caprae and S. saprophyticus (n=1, respectively). Forty-three (87.8%) of 49 MRS and 10 (10.4%) of 96 methicillin-susceptibility staphylococci harbored mecA gene. About 80% of MRS were multidrug-resistant with resistance to at least one antibiotic in three or more antibiotic classes. Resistance genes blaZ (93/114, 81.5%), ermB (35/81, 43.2%), ermC (3/81, 3.7%), aacA-aphD (50/54, 92.5%), tetM (69/76, 90.7%) and tetK (6/76, 7.8%) were detected among resistant isolates. Virulence factors genes lukF and lukS were found in 100%(145/145) and 43.4%(63/145), respectively. Genes encoding ermA, eta, etb and tsst were not detected. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study which investigated for the presence of genes encoding antimicrobial resistance and staphylococcal toxins in staphylococci isolated from canine otitis externa. A continuous monitoring and surveillance program to prevent antimicrobial resistance in companion animals is demanded.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
• /
• v.49
• /
• pp.379-405
• /
• 2011

With the fast growing of international trade and ever-changing trade environment Korea is facing more risks in international trade and they are getting more diverse and happen more frequent with high severity. Big firms of international trade are ready and treat the risks quite well, but small and medium size firms have hard time to manage the risks due to their poor understanding, not much capital to spend, and weak skills of risk management. Holding significant size of international trade of Korea, the small and medium size firms need systematic and integrated risk management and the K-sure(former Korea Export Insurance) can make a significant contribution to help them manage risks in international trade business. This study is proposing the adoption of ERM(Enterprise Risk Management) for international trade business of Korea. Especially for small and medium size firms of international trade, the K-sure may set up integrated risk management system to help them and promote the export growth, which is a great mission of K-sure.

• Molecules and Cells
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.196-200
• /
• 2005

The neurofibromatosis type2 (NF2) tumor suppressor gene product, merlin, is structurally related to the ezrin-radixin-moesin (ERM) family of proteins that anchor the actin cytoskeleton to specific membrane proteins and participate in cell signaling. However, the basis of the tumor suppressing activity of merlin is not well understood. Previously, we identified a role of merlin as an inhibitor of the Ras-ERK signaling pathway. Recent studies have suggested that phosphorylation of merlin, as of other ERM proteins, may regulate its function. To determine whether phosphorylation of merlin affects its suppression of Ras-ERK signaling, we generated plasmids expressing full-length merlin with substitutions of serine 518, a potential phosphorylation site. A substitution that mimics constitutive phosphorylation (S518D) abrogated the ability of merlin to suppress effects of the Ras-ERK signaling pathway such as Ras-induced SRE transactivation, Elk-mediated SRE transactivation, Ras-induced ERK phosphorylation and Ras-induced focus formation. On the other hand, an S518A mutant, which mimics nonphosphorylated merlin, acted like wild type merlin. These observations show that mimicking merlin phosphorylation impairs not only growth suppression by merlin but also its inhibitory action on the Ras-ERK signaling pathway.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
• /
• v.37 no.5
• /
• pp.670-681
• /
• 2017

The aim of this study was to isolate enterococci in Sucuk, a traditional Turkish dry-fermented sausage and to analyze isolates for their biodiversity, antibiotic resistance patterns and the presence of some antibiotic resistance genes. A total of 60 enterococci strains were isolated from 20 sucuk samples manufactured without using a starter culture and they were identified as E. faecium (73.3%), E. faecalis (11.7%), E. hirae (8.3%), E. durans (3.3%), E. mundtii (1.7%) and E. thailandicus (1.7%). Most of the strains were found resistant to rifampin (51.67%) followed by ciprofloxacin (38.33%), nitrofurantoin (33.33%) and erythromycin (21.67%). All strains were found susceptible to ampicillin. Only E. faecium FYE4 and FYE60 strains displayed susceptibility to all antibiotics. Other strains showed different resistance patterns to antibiotics. E. faecalis was found more resistant to antibiotics than other species. Most of the strains (61.7%) displayed resistance from between two and eight antibiotics. The ermB, ermC, gyrA, tetM, tetL and vanA genes were detected in some strains. A lack of correlation between genotypic and phenotypic analysis for some strains was detected. The results of this study indicated that Sucuk manufactured without using a starter culture is a reservoir of multiple antibiotic resistant enterococci. Consequently, Sucuk is a potential reservoir for the transmission of antibiotic resistance genes from animals to humans.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Quality Management Conference
• /
• 2009.10a
• /
• pp.277-278
• /
• 2009

기술은 기업에 있어서 없어서는 안되는 소중한 무형자산이다. 현대의 기업은 재무적 경쟁요소에서는 비교적 유사한 행태를 보이고 있으며 기업간 차별성이 거의 없다. 하지만 무형적 가치인 기술은 그 기업의 존재의 의미를 부여하는 매우 중요한 요소이다. 많은 기업들이 기술개발에 많은 시간과 비용을 들이고 있으나 그 성공확율은 10%가 채 안되는 실정이므로 신제품개발 실패시 기업에게 적지 않은 타격을 입히게 된다. 특히 중소기업의 경우 개발한 것은 무조건 성공을 시켜야 하는 어려움에 처해 있다. 이런 위험이외에 외생적 경영환경변수로 인하여 더욱 더 기업들은 위기와 위험에 노출되어 있으므로 기업들은 전사적위험관리(ERM)시스템 도입을 통해 기업의 재무건전성, 최적의 투자전략, 현금흐름, 위기로 부터의 관리가 필요하다 하겠다. 본 연구에서는 기술혁신기업에 있어서 전사적위험관리 도입의 필요성을 제시하고자 한다.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
• /
• v.38 no.2
• /
• pp.170-178
• /
• 2011

The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of periodontopathic bacteria and resistance determinants from oral biofilm of children. Subgingival dental plaque was isolated from 87 healthy children, and PCR was performed to determine the presence of 5 periodontal pathogens including P. gingivalis, T. forsythia, T. denticola, F. nucleatum, A. actinomycetemcomitans, and nine resistance genes including tet(Q), tet(M), ermF, aacA-aphD, cfxA, $bla_{SHV}$, $bla_{TEM}$, vanA, mecA. 1. The prevalence of F. nucleatum, T. forsythia. and P. gingivalis was 95.4%, 55.2%, and 40.2%, respectively. In addition. the prevalence of A. actinomycetemc omitans was 5.7%, while T. denticola was 3.4%. 2. In analysis of antibiotic resistance determinants. cfxA, $bla_{TEM}$ and tet(M) were detected in all the samples tested. It was also found that the prevalence of tet(Q) showing tetracycline resistance. $bla_{SHV}$ associated with resistance to ${\beta}$-lactams, ermF exhibiting erythromycin resistance, and, vanA resulting vancomycin resistance was 88.5%, 29.9% 87.4%, and 48.5%, respectively. The aacA-aphD gene showing resistance to aminoglycosides and mecA gene harboring methicillin resistance exhibited the lowest prevalence with 9.2%. 3. In a correlation analysis between periodontopathic pathogens and antibiotic resistance determinants, it was found that there was a significant correlation between T. forsythia and $bla_{SHV}$. Also, P. gingivalis and vanA showed a correlation. Finally, tet(Q) and ermF showed a significant correlation (phi: 0.514) while mecA and vanA also showed a correlation(phi: 0.25).

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
• /
• v.33 no.4
• /
• pp.283-292
• /
• 2007

Atmospheric concentrations of radon had been continuously observed in Seoul, Korea since December 1999, as a tracer for long-range transport of air pollutants from China continent to Korea. In order to study radon as a tracer of long-range transport, it is important to know information about the atmospheric distribution and variation of radon concentration and its time variation. Atmospheric radon concentration are measured with electrostatic radon monitor(ERM) at Hanyang University located in Eastern area of Seoul. Air sample is taken into a vessel of ERM, and alpha particles emitted by radon daughters $Po^{218}$ are detected with ZnS(Ag) scintillation counter. Hourly mean concentrations and hourly alpha counts are recorded automatically. The major results obtained from time series observation of atmospheric radon were as follows : (1) The mean of airborne radon concentration in Seoul was found to be $7.62{\pm}4.11\;Bq/m^3$ during December $1999{\sim}January$ 2002. (2) The hourly variation of radon concentrations showed the highest in 8:00AM ($8.66{\pm}4.22\;Bq/m^3$) and the lowest in 3:00AM ($6.62{\pm}3.70\;Bq/m^3$) and 5:00AM ($6.62{\pm}3.39\;Bq/m^3$). (3) the seasonal variation of radon concentrations showed higher during winter-to-fall and lower during summer-to-spring. (4) Correlation between airborne radon concentration and the meteorological factors were -0.21 for temperature, 0.09 for humidity, -0.20 for wind speed, and 0.04 for pressure. (5) The mean difference of airborne radon concentration between Asian dust ($5.36{\pm}1.28\;Bq/m^3$) and non-Asian dust ($4.95{\pm}1.49\;Bq/m^3$) phenomenon was significant (p=0.08). We could identify time series distribution of radon concentration related meteorological factors. In addition, radon can be considered a good natural tracer of vertical dispersion and long-range transport.