• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
• /
• v.59 no.5
• /
• pp.41-52
• /
• 2009

In contemporary art, soft materials are used in various forms and ways as a medium expressing contingency beyond a simple nature of materials. In the late 1960's, the appearance of soft sculpture as a refusal of the stereotyped 'Erection' characteristic of traditional sculpture served as an opportunity for more attention to soft materials. Fashion is the reflection of age, and the mirror of society, culture and arts. In other words, soft sculpture and fashion are artistic behaviors in the same context, which have neither been fixed nor erected. This study finds its significance in analyzing correlation between soft sculpture and fashion, and the importance of contingency as artistic expression means in this age when boundaries between genres are obscure, and artistic values are given to fashion. By doing so, it aims to present the direction toward which fashion should face in the future, establishing a new aesthetic consciousness with which more creative and various expressions are available in fashion as well. This study presented as its theoretical background the concept of soft sculpture affected by Marcel Duchamp among representative examples of the contingency that started to appear in art starting in the early 20th century. It also analyzed the soft sculpture appeared in 1960s and the expression methods and features of contingency appeared in fashion after late 1990s through a new approach of piling up, hanging up, and tying, three categories classified by Maurice $Fr{\acute{e}}churet$. Common features of the contingency expressed in soft sculpture and fashion were derived in the analysis, which are intensive effects of energy, values given to physical properties themselves, and esthetics of anti-form.

• International Journal of High-Rise Buildings
• /
• v.6 no.3
• /
• pp.249-259
• /
• 2017

The use of high-strength steels in construction of highrise and mega building structures can bring about many technological advantages from fabrication to erection. However, key design criteria such as local and lateral stability in current steel design specifications were developed based on tests of ordinary steels which have stress-strain characteristics very different from that of high strength steels. A series of tests on 800 MPa tensile strength steel (HSA800) members are summarized in this paper which were conducted to investigate the appropriateness of extrapolating current ordinary-steel based design criteria to high strength steels. 800 MPa I-shape beam specimens designed according to flange local buckling (FLB) criteria of the AISC Specification developed a sufficient strength for elastic design and a marginal rotation capacity for plastic design. It is shown that, without introducing distinct and significant yield plateau to the stress-strain property of high-strength steel, it is inherently difficult to achieve a high rotation capacity even if all the current stability limits are met. 800 MPa I-shape beam specimens with both low and high warping rigidity exhibited sufficient lateral torsional buckling (LTB) strength. HSA800 short-column specimens with various edge restraint exhibited sufficient local buckling strength under uniform compression and generally outperformed ordinary steel specimens. The experimental P-M strength was much higher than the AISC nominal P-M strength. The measured residual stresses indicated that the impact of residual stress on inelastic buckling of high-strength steel is less. Cyclic seismic test results showed that HSA800 members have the potential to be used as non-ductile members or members with limited ductility demand in seismic load resisting systems. Finally, recent applications of 800 MPa high strength steel to highrise and mega building structures in Korea are briefly presented.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
• /
• v.55 no.4
• /
• pp.297-305
• /
• 2018

In a shipyard, block lifting is an important process in the production of ships and offshore structures. Block lifting is a sensitive process because lifting blocks have to be erected with exact positions and orientations. If we use a numerical method for the process, it is important to find tensions of wires and positions of equalizers to maintain the initial equilibrium position of the block. At this time, equations of motion of the block should be solved to calculate the initial equilibrium position of the block. Because the solving technique changes according to the number of equalizers, a suitable equation for the corresponding problem is required. In this study, three types of equations are proposed to find the initial equilibrium position of the block according to the number of equalizers. The Newton-Raphson's method is used to solve nonlinear simultaneous equations and the optimization method is used to determine the appropriate solution to the undetermined problem. To evaluate the applicability of the proposed methods, the dynamic simulations are performed using the tensions calculated from the proposed methods, and the results are discussed. The results show that the proposed methods can be effectively used to determine initial equilibrium position of the block for the block lifting.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
• /
• v.25 no.4
• /
• pp.472-481
• /
• 2015

Objectives: Welding is a major task in shipbuilding yards that generates welding fumes. A significant amount of welding in shipbuilding yards is done on steel. Inevitably, manganese is present in the base metals being joined and the filler wire being used and, consequently, in the fumes to which workers are exposed. The objective of this work was to characterize manganese exposure associated with work area, total and particle size-selective mass concentration, and compare the mass concentrations obtained using a three-piece cassette sampler, size-selective impactor sampler and blood manganese concentrations. Materials: All samples were collected from the main work areas at one shipbuilding yard. We used a three piece cassette sampler and the eight stage cascade impactor sampler for the airborne manganese mass concentration of total and all size fractions, respectively. In addition, we used the results of health examination of workers sampled for airborne manganese. Results: The oder of high concentration of airborne manganese in shipbuilding processes was as follows; block assembly, block erection, outfitting installation, steel cutting, and outfitting preparation. The percentages of samples that exceeded the OES of the ministry of employment and labor by the cassette sampling method was 12.5%, however 59.1% of sampled workers by the impactor sampling method exceeded the TLV of the ACGIH. Conclusions: Even though the manganese concentrations in blood of workers exposed to higher airborne manganese concentration were higher than among those exposed to lower concentrations, there was no difference in blood manganese concentrations among work duration. The data analyzed here by characterizing size-selective mass concentrations indicates that the inhaled manganese of welders in shipbuilding yards could be mostly manganese-containing respirable particle sizes.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
• /
• v.32 no.1
• /
• pp.136-143
• /
• 2011

Priapism is a persistent penile erection that continues for more than 4 hours beyond, or is unrelated to, sexual stimulation. Because priapism is a medical emergency, all patients with priapism should be evaluated and treated urgently. Subtypes of priapism are ischemic, non-ischemic and stuttering priapism. Stuttering type is a recurrent form of ischemic priapism in which unwanted painful erections occur repeatedly with intervening periods of detumescence. The etiology of this type is often idiopathic and the treatments are still not clearly established. We present one case of stuttering priapism which occurred after suppression of his sexual desire. A 23-year-old man visited our clinic complaining of recurrent pain and erections persisting for about 5 weeks. We performed evaluation and confirmed the diagnosis of Rigid swollen penis. Jibaekjihwang-tang gamibang (ZhiBaiDihuang-Tang Jiaweifang) was administerd to the patient for 9 days. After the treatment, duration of erections and pain showed remarkable improvements. This will be recorded as the first case report of treating priapism with a Korean medical approach and suggests that Korean medicine therapy can be efficient to treat priapism.

• Biomedical Science Letters
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.69-76
• /
• 2008

${\gamma}$-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, and its actions are mediated by subtypes of GABA receptors named as $GABA_A$, $GABA_B,\;and\;GABA_C,\;GABA_A$, receptor consisting of ${\alpha},\;{\beta},\;{\gamma}\;and\;{\delta}$ subunits is a heterooligomeric ligand-gated chloride channel. This study was performed to investigate regulation of $GABA_A$ receptor by protein kinase C(PKC). Ion currents were recorded using gramicidine-perforated patch and whole cell patch clamp. mRNA encoding the subunits of PKC expressed in major pelvic ganglion (MPG) neurons was detected by using RT-PCR. The GABA-induced inward current was increased by PKC activators and decreased by PKC inhibitors, respectively. These effects were not associated with intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ and GAG (1-oleoyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol), a membrane permeable diacylglycerol (DAG) analogue. These results mean that the subfamily of PKC participating in activation of $GABA_A$ receptor would be an atypical PKC (aPKC). Among theses, ${\xi}$ isoform of aPKC was detected by RT-PCR. Taking together, we suggest that excitable $GABA_A$ receptor in sympathetic MPG neuron seemed to be regulated by aPKC, particular in ${\xi}$ isoform. The regulatory roles of PKC on excitatory $GABA_A$ receptors in sympathetic neurons of MPG may be an important factor to control the functional activity of various pelvic organs such as bowel movement, micturition and erection.

• KCI Concrete Journal
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.36-42
• /
• 2002

Flexural behaviors of the two typical precast beam sections (inverted tee and rectangular) for buildings were investigated and compared. The height of web in the inverted tee beam was generally less than half of beam depth to be adapted to that of the nib in the ends of double-tee where the total building height limited considerably. The inverted-tee beams were designed for a parking live load - 500kgf/$m^2$ and a market - 1,200kgf/$m^2$ from the currently used typical shape of a domestic building site in Korea. The area and bottom dimension of rectangular beams were the same as those of inverted tee beams. These woo beams were also reinforced with a similar strength. following results were obtained from the studies above; 1) the rectangular beam is simpler in production, transportation, and erection, and more economic than the inverted tee beam in the construction test for these two beams with a same dimension and a similar strength, 2) all of the beams considered in the tests were generally failed in values close to those of the strength requirements in ACI Provisions. The ratios of test result to calculated value are averaged to 1.04. One rectangular and one inverted tee beams failed in a value only 2-3％ larger than the estimated volue of the Strength Design Methool the results of the Strain Compatibility Method wire slightly more accurate than those of the Strength Design Method, 4) the maximum deflections of all of the beams under the full service loads were less than those of the allowable limit in ACI Code Provisions. The rectangular beams experienced more deflection then inverted tee in the same loading condition and failed with more deflection, and 5) the rectangular and inverted tee beams showed good performances under the condition of service and ultimate loads. However, one inverted tee beams with fm span developed an initial flexural crackings under 88％ of the full service load even though they designed to satisfy the ACI tensile stress limit provisions.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
• /
• v.27 no.4
• /
• pp.371-376
• /
• 2015

This study was conducted for the torsional behavior of catwalk system which is a temporary structure on a suspension bridge. The torsional deformation of the catwalk structure has a significant effect on the workability and safety of workers during main cable erection. For this reason, the torsional deformation of catwalk is controlled to be acceptable levels below by adjusting the cross bridge interval in design stage. This study analyzed the effect of separation between cross bridge associated with twist safety of catwalk system. For the analytical approach, a detailed analysis model was created including cross bridge. Both wind load within the wind velocity range that allows the construction and eccentric load of Prefabricated Parallel Wire Strand were analyzed by analysis model. Result of study shows that separation between cross bridges has a significant effect on the torsional behavior of the catwalk.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
• /
• v.24 no.6
• /
• pp.725-734
• /
• 2012

A new modular pier system using concrete filled circular steel tubes was suggested to realize modular bridge substructures for accelerated bridge construction. Structural details and connection details were proposed by connection multiple concrete filled tubes (CFT) for standardized products of fabrication, delivery and erection. Static tests were performed for the modular pier with suggested details under lateral load conditions for weak and strong axes. Due to the eccentricity by the bracing system, the modular pier showed 5.23 times higher flexural stiffness and 6 times greater flexural strength from the test. It is proper for the rational design to evaluate stress and deformation by frame modeling of the modular CFT pier. Structural capacity of the pier can be obtained by adjusting the spacing of the CFT columns. Design recommendations were derived from the test.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
• /
• v.17 no.4
• /
• pp.299-314
• /
• 1984

The Yeongdo Island in Busan City is a remnant of the latest Cretaceous volcano, and consists geologically of andesites, rhyolite tuff, pelitic and psammitic hornfelses, lapilli rhyodacite tuff of the Yucheon Group, felsite and felsite porphyry of the Bulgugsa intrusives, and Holocene sediments in ascending order. The hornfelses are bound to the Taejongdae Formation. The stratigraphic position of the Formation is determined definitely into the Yucheon Group, thus the geologic age is approximately the same with the volcanic rocks of the Group. The sediments had been thermally metamorphosed to make pelitic and psammitic hornfelses of the albite epidote hornfels facies by the effects of active hydrothermal circulation, vaporization, and hybridization of andesitic solution, or of basification of acidic intrusives. Thus, on occasion, those hornfelses are not used to be distinguished from the andesitic rocks in the southeastern part of the Korean peninsula. The paleocurrent direction determined from several cross-beddings of the Taejongdae Formation is suggested to be from southwest to northeast. Orbicular rocks occur in hornfelsed rhyolite tuff, pelitic- and psammitic-hornfelses, and felsite porphyry at a lot of outcrops in the area of southwestern shoreline of the Yeongdo Island. Orbicules in rhyolite tuff and hornfels in the island might have originated from diffusion processes of metasomatic metamorphism carried out by hydrothermal solution rised from the intrusive adamellite which may be emplaced deeply under the Yeongdo volcanics. Those orbicules are due to metasomatic, secondary, and epigenetic origin. Proto-, multi-shelled, and multi-cored orbicules are described in the orbicular tuff. But multi-cored orbicules are not found in the orbicular fornfels. 250 tuff-orbicules numbered sporadically are in $20,000m^2$ area of the locality of orbicular tuff. About 60 hornfels-orbicules occurred sporadically are in $1,700m^2$ area of the locality of orbicular hornfels in the Taejongdae Formation. Orbicules in felsite porphyry might have originated by diffusion reaction between xenoliths and a quiescent zone in felsite porphyry magma. Those are of igneous, primary, and syngenetic origin.