• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2003년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.1262-1269
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• 2003

In structural optimization, static loads are generally utilized although real external forces are dynamic. Dynamic loads have been considered in only small-scale problems. Recently, an algorithm for dynamic response optimization using transformation of dynamic loads into equivalent static loads has been proposed. The transformation is conducted to match the displacement fields from dynamic and static analyses. The algorithm can be applied to large-scale problems. However, the application has been limited to size optimization. The present study applies the algorithm to shape optimization. Because the number of degrees of freedom of finite element models is usually very large in shape optimization, it is difficult to conduct dynamic response optimization with the conventional methods that directly threat dynamic response in the time domain. The optimization process is carried out via interfacing an optimization system and an analysis system for structural dynamics. Various examples are solved to verify the algorithm. The results are compared to the results from static loads. It is found that the algorithm using static loads transformed from dynamic loads based on displacement is valid even for very large-scale problems such as shape optimization.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제27권8호
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• pp.1363-1370
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• 2003

In structural optimization, static loads are generally utilized although real external forces are dynamic. Dynamic loads have been considered in only small-scale problems. Recently, an algorithm for dynamic response optimization using transformation of dynamic loads into equivalent static loads has been proposed. The transformation is conducted to match the displacement fields from dynamic and static analyses. The algorithm can be applied to large-scale problems. However, the application has been limited to size optimization. The present study applies the algorithm to shape optimization. Because the number of degrees of freedom of finite element models is usually very large in shape optimization, it is difficult to conduct dynamic response optimization with the conventional methods that directly threat dynamic response in the time domain. The optimization process is carried out via interfacing an optimization system and an analysis system for structural dynamics. Various examples are solved to verify the algorithm. The results are compared to the results from static loads. It is found that the algorithm using static loads transformed from dynamic loads based on displacement is valid even for very large-scale problems such as shape optimization.

• 복합신소재구조학회 논문집
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.33-39
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• 2013

Structural insulated panels, structurally performed panels consisting of a plastic insulation bonded between two structural panel facings, are one of emerging products with a viewpoint of its energy and construction efficiencies. These components are applicable to fabricated wood structures. In Korea, there are few technical documents regulated structural performance and engineering criteria in domestic market. This study was conducted to identify fundamental performance of both monotonic load and quasi static cyclic load for SIPs in shear wall application. Static test results showed that maximum load was 44.3kN, allowable shear load was 6.1kN/m, shear stiffness was 1.23 M N/m, and ductility ratio was 3.6. Cyclic test was conducted by two kinds of specimens : single panel and double panels. Cyclic test results, which were equivalent to static test results, showed that maximum load was 45.42kN, allowable shear load was 6.3kN/m. Furthermore the accumulated energy dissipation capability for double panels was as 2.3 times as that for single panel. From performance of structural tests, it was recommended that the allowable shear load for panels was at least 6.1kN/m.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제4권5호
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• pp.497-511
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• 1996

The equivalent static force procedure and the response spectrum analysis method are widely used for seismic analyses of multi-story buildings. The equivalent static force procedure is one of the most simple but less accurate method in predicting possible seismic response of a structure. The response spectrum analysis method provides more accurate results while it takes much longer computational time. In the response spectrum method, dynamic response of a multi-story building is obtained by combining modal responses through a proper procedure such as SRSS or CQC method. Since all of the analysis results are expressed in absolute values, structural engineers have difficulties to combine them with the results obtained from the static analysis. Design automation is interrupted at this stage because of the difficulty in the decision of the most critical design load. Pseudo-dynamic analysis method proposed in this study provides more accurate seismic analysis results than those of the equivalent static force procedure since the dynamic characteristics of a structure is considered. And the proposed method has an advantage in combination of the analysis results due to gravity loads and seismic loads since the direction of the forces can be considered.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.583-590
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• 2015

Automobile crash optimization is nonlinear dynamic response structural optimization that uses highly nonlinear crash analysis in the time domain. The equivalent static loads (ESLs) method has been proposed to solve such problems. The ESLs are the static load sets generating the same displacement field as that of nonlinear dynamic analysis. Linear static response structural optimization is employed with the ESLs as multiple loading conditions. Nonlinear dynamic analysis and linear static structural optimization are repeated until the convergence criteria are satisfied. Nonlinear dynamic crash analysis for frontal analysis may not have boundary conditions, but boundary conditions are required in linear static response optimization. This study proposes a method to use the inertia relief method to overcome the mismatch. An optimization problem is formulated for the design of an automobile frontal structure and solved by the proposed method.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.81-95
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• 2018

Most buildings feature core walls (and shear walls) that are placed eccentrically within the building to fulfil architectural requirements. Contemporary earthquake design standards require three dimensional (3D) dynamic analysis to be undertaken to analyse the imposed seismic actions on this type of buildings. A static method of analysis is always appealing to design practitioners because results from the analysis can always be evaluated independently by manual calculation techniques for quality control purposes. However, the equivalent static analysis method (also known as the lateral load method) which involves application of an equivalent static load at a certain distance from the center of mass of the buildings can generate results that contradict with results from dynamic analysis. In this paper the Generalised Force Method of analysis has been introduced for multi-storey buildings. Algebraic expressions have been derived to provide estimates for the edge displacement ratio taking into account the effects of dynamic torsional actions. The Generalised Force Method which is based on static principles has been shown to be able to make accurate estimates of torsional actions in seismic conditions. The method is illustrated by examples of two multi-storey buildings. Importantly, the black box syndrome of a 3D dynamic analysis of the building can be circumvented.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제64권6권
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• pp.751-763
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• 2017

This article deals with the buckling behaviour of multilayered magneto-electro-elastic (MEE) plate subjected to uniaxial and biaxial compressive (in-plane) loads. The constitutive equations of MEE material are used to derive a finite element (FE) formulation involving the coupling between electric, magnetic and elastic fields. The displacement field corresponding to first order shear deformation theory (FSDT) has been employed. The in-plane stress distribution within the MEE plate existing due to the enacted force is considered to be equivalent to the applied in-plane compressive load in the pre-buckling range. The same stress distribution is used to derive the potential energy functional. The non-dimensional critical buckling load is accomplished from the solution of allied linear eigenvalue problem. Influence of stacking sequence, span to thickness ratio, aspect ratio, load factor and boundary condition on critical buckling load and their corresponding mode shape is investigated. In addition, static deflection of MEE plate under the sinusoidal and the uniformly distributed load has been studied for different stacking sequences and boundary conditions.

• 전력전자학회논문지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.82-89
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• 2001

본 논문은, HVDC 시스템의 인버터 제어기 및 고조파 필터의 설계를 위하여 동특성 및 정상상태 특성을 해석하는 방법을 제시한다. EMTP 시뮬레이션을 이용하면, 동특성 분석이 가능하며, 정상상태 특성의 분석은필터와 부하를 고려한 조류해석을 수행함으로써 가능하다. 또한 본 논문은 HVOC 시스템의 정적 및 동적 특성 분석이 가능한 단상 등가회로를 제안한다. 이 단상 등가회로에서 인버터는 스위치의 소호에 따른 전류원으로 취급된다. 또한 필터설계에 사용되고 있는 각종 목적함수를 단상 등가회로룹 이용하여 구할 수 있다, 본 논문은 전압의 고조파 성분 및 필터의 전력손실을 고려한 목적함수를 이용하여 펄터를 최적화하는 과정이 제시되어 있다.

• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.303-312
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• 2006

본 연구에서는 요소의 추가 및 제거 또는 부분적인 강성 변경이 있을 때, 이러한 강성 변경이 전체 구조물의 거동에 미치는 영향을 하중으로 표현한 강성등가하중을 제안한다. 강성등가하중에 의한 재해석은 초기 구조물을 대상으로 하므로 이미 계산된 강성행렬 및 역행렬을 다시 사용할 수 있어 재해석 효율을 크게 향상시킬 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 강성등가하중의 개념을 정의하고 간단한 병렬 스프링 구조물을 이용하여 강성등가하중 산정 가능성에 대하여 우선 기술한다. 다음으로 일반적인 골조 구조물에서 강성 변경에 대한 강성등가하중 산정 절차를 제안하고, 마지막으로 몇몇 강성 변경 사례에 대한 강성등가하중 산정 및 해석결과를 제시함으로써 제안된 기법을 검증한다. 강성등가하중은 향후 비선형해석, 구조물 거동및 응력 제어 등 다양한 문제에 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제29권8호
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• pp.1061-1069
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• 2005

In part I of this papter Nonlinear Response Optimization using Equivalent Static Loads (NROESL) method/algorithm is developed to conduct optimization for nonlinear behavior structures. The method/algorithm is also verified to show its convergency and optimality. In this present paper, the NROESL algorithm is applied to several structural problems with geometric and/or material nonlinearity. Conventional optimization with sensitivity analysis using the finite difference method is also applied to the same examples. The results of the optimizations are compared. The proposed method is very efficient and derives good solutions.