• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.181-188
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• 2014

이 연구에서는 기존의 가상고정점 모델을 통한 단일 현장타설말뚝 설계를 보완하고자, 등가 지반면 스프링 모델을 바탕으로 한 기둥과 말뚝의 상호작용을 고려한 해석법을 제시하였으며, 이를 토대로 주요 영향인자에 따라 말뚝의 최소철근비 적용성을 분석하였다. 나아가, 기둥과 말뚝 조건을 고려하여 말뚝에 철근비별 적용 가능한 한계깊이를 제안하였다. 이 연구 결과, 기둥-말뚝의 상호작용을 고려한 해석은 가상고정점 모델 해석에서 전체 모델링 해석으로 넘어가는 중간단계의 비교적 정확하고 경제적인 설계법임을 알 수 있었으며, 이 해석법을 통해 최소철근비 적용성을 평가한 결과, 말뚝의 최대 휨모멘트는 말뚝재료의 균열모멘트 이내에서 모두 발생하는 것으로 나타나 말뚝에는 최소철근비(0.4%)를 적용하여도 만족하는 것을 알 수 있었다. 이를 토대로, 현장사례를 통해 철근비별 적용 가능한 한계깊이($L_{As=x%}$)를 제안하였으며, 정규화된 철근비별 적용 가능한 한계깊이 ($L_{As=x%}/L_P$)는 정규화된 말뚝길이($L_P/D_P$)에 따라 선형적으로 감소하여 일정한 값에서 수렴함을 알 수 있었다.

• 공업화학
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.907-913
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• 1998

전기화학적 임피던스법(electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, EIS)을 사용하여 염소이온에 의한 철근 콘크리트의 부식현상을 연구하였다. 콘크리트를 만들 때 물에 용해된 상태의 염소이온은 콘크리트 내부에 존재하게 되며, 이 염소이온의 농도를 변화시키며 실험을 수행하였다. 재령 400일 이상 EIS법으로 측정한 결과, 세밀한 전기화학적 등가회로 및 물리적 모델을 구성하였으며, 얻어진 임피던스 파라미터로부터 철근 콘크리트의부식현상을 물리적 모델로 설명할 수 있었다. 실험에서 얻은 측정값과 CNLS(complex nonlinear least squares) fitting법으로 구한 값은 잘 일치하였으며, 모델로부터 얻어진 임피던스 상수를 이용하여 부식 속도를 계산할 수 있어 이를 통한 부식 속도 예측이 가능함을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.94-108
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• 1988

The use of geotextile as reinforcing materials in soil structures has become widespread throughout the world. Geotextile reinforcement has been used in retaining walls, roadbed, embankment stabilization and especially reinforcement of soft foundation, and so on, In the past, however, its design and construction have been performed empirically. In this study, laboratory model tests were carried out in order to investigate the effects of geotextile rein- forcement on vertical and horizontal displacement and other characteristics in soft founda- tions. The experiments were executed in eight treatments ;no geotextile between embank - ment and subsoils, and seven geotextiles with different tensile strength. And such factors as the loading conditions, the tensile strength of geotextiles, the ingredient of geotextiles and the elapsed time were investigate in this study. And the analytical method were executed in order to study the stress and behavior of geotextile - reinforced soil structure by the nonlinear elasto - plastic finite element model. The following conclusions were drawn from this study. 1. Geotextile reinforcement reduced the effects of banking loads on subsoils more effectively with the increase of their tensile strength. 2. As the tensile strength of geotextiles was increase, the rate of the initial vertical disp - lacements of loading plate was reduced inverse proportional to loads, Rowever, the effect of loading was reduced when the loads exceed a certain limits, 3. The effect of reinforcement of nonwoven geotextile was 1.5-4.5 times larger than that of the woven geotextile with equivalent tensile strength. 4. The increased bearing capacity and the reduced settlement are proportioned as the tensile strength of geotextile. 5. The settlement at the long time loading were developed almost all, were completed after 10 days and the additional settlement were not developed since then. 6. The nonlinear elasto - plastic finite element method are accurate to predict the stresses and behayior of geotextile - reinforced soil structures.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제47권5호
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• pp.679-700
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• 2013

Two new predictive design methods are presented in this study. The first is a hybrid method, called neuro-fuzzy, based on neural networks with fuzzy learning. A total of 280 experimental datasets obtained from the literature concerning concentric punching shear tests of reinforced concrete slab-column connections without shear reinforcement were used to test the model (194 for experimentation and 86 for validation) and were endorsed by statistical validation criteria. The punching shear strength predicted by the neuro-fuzzy model was compared with those predicted by current models of punching shear, widely used in the design practice, such as ACI 318-08, SIA262 and CBA93. The neuro-fuzzy model showed high predictive accuracy of resistance to punching according to all of the relevant codes. A second, more user-friendly design method is presented based on a predictive linear regression model that supports all the geometric and material parameters involved in predicting punching shear. Despite its simplicity, this formulation showed accuracy equivalent to that of the neuro-fuzzy model.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.177-188
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• 2005

This paper presents a numerical model developed to evaluate the load-deflection and moment-curvature relationship for concrete beams strengthened externally with four different Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) composite systems. The developed model considers the inelastic behavior of concrete section subjected to a combined axial force and bending moment. The model accounts for tensile strength of concrete as defined by the modulus of rupture of concrete. Based on the adopted material constitutive relations, the model evaluates the sectional curvature as a function of the applied axial load and bending moment. Deflections along the beam are evaluated using a finite difference technique taking into account support conditions. The developed numerical technique has been tested on a cantilever beam with a transverse load applied at its end. A study of the behavior of the beam with tension reinforcement compared to that with FRP areas giving an equivalent ultimate moment has been carried out. Moreover, cracking of the section in the tensile region at ultimate load has also been considered. The results indicated that beams reinforced with FRP systems possess more ductility than those reinforced with steel. This ductility, however, can be tuned by increasing the area of FRP or by combining different FRP layers.

• 지질공학
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.215-230
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• 1993

암반은 지질학적 속성에 따라 다양한 형태의 구조적 특징을 나타내며, 특히 암반 내부에 발달되어 있는 절리계의 공간적, 역학적 특성은 외부응력 변화에 대한 전체 암반의 거동 및 파괴 강도 등에 중대한 영향을 끼치고 있다. 본 연구에서는 절리가 발달되어 있는 암반의 점소성 거동(viscoplastic behavior)을 연속체적 개념으로 분석할 수 있는 능력을 또한 암반구조물 보강에 일반적으로 사용되는 록볼트의 점소성 거동을 분석할 수 있는 능력을 추가시켜, 록볼트 지보효과가 고려된 절리암반의 점소성 거동에 대한 수치해석 모델을 완성하였다. 절리암반 및 록볼트의 점소성 거동에 대한 연속체 모델의 정확도 및 신뢰도는 예제적 모델분석을 수행하여 입증하였다. 실제적 암반구조물 거동분석에 대한 활용성을 고찰하기 위하여 현재 굴착이 진행되고 있는 지하 원유비축공동의 시간적 거동을 분석하여 현장 계측결과와 비교하였으며, 록볼트 설치비율에 따른 지보효과를 산출하였다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.1-16
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• 1993

The behavior of shear-wall dominant, low-rise, multistory reinforced concrete building structures is investigated. Because there are no beams or columns and the slab and wall thicknesses are approximately equal, available codes give little information relative to design for gravity and lateral loads. Items which effect the analysis of shear-wall dominant building structures, i.e., material nonlinearity including rotating crack capability, 3-D behavior, slab-wall interaction, floor flexibilities, stress concentrations around openings, the location and the amount of main discrete reinforcement are investigated. For this purpose 2 and 5 story building structures are modelled. To see the importance of 3-D modelling, the same structures are modelled by both 2-D and 3-D models. Loads are applied first the vertical then lateral loads which are static equivalent earthquake loads. The 3-D models of the structures are loaded in both in the longitudinal and transverse directions. A nonlinear isoparametric plate element with arbitrarily places edge nodes is adapted in order to consider the amount and location of the main reinforcement. Finally the importance of 3-D effects including the T-C coupling between walls are indicated.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.34-45
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of laughter therapy and cognitive reinforcement program on self-efficacy, depression and cognitive functions of the elderly with mild cognitive impairments (MCI). Methods: The study design was a non-equivalent control group pre and posttest design. Thirty-six subjects over the age of 65 with a diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment were assigned either to a treatment or a comparison group. Data were collected from February 7 to March 27, 2012 in the dementia supporting center. An eight week treatment program that included laughter therapy coupled with a cognitive reinforcing program including hand exercise, laughter dance routine, laughter technic and cognitive training for attention, memory, orientation and execution skill. Results: MoCA-K (t=-6.86, p<.001) and Stroop test CW correct (t=-2.54, p=.008), self-efficacy (t=-3.62, p=.001) in the treatment group were significantly higher than those of the comparison group. Reported depression (t=2.29, p=.014), Stroop test CW error (U=53.50, p<.001) in the treatment group was significantly less than the comparison group. Conclusion: In this study, the treatment was effective in improving self-efficacy, cognitive function and reducing depression in the elderly with MCI.

• 한국지반신소재학회논문집
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.23-29
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• 2002

1980년대 이래 일본 및 미국등에서 연약지반상에 구축된 기존철도의 보수 및 보강시 지오셀 시스템을 이용하여 철도노반의 지지력을 높이는 보강기법들에 대한 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 기존 철도의 보수 및 보강을 위해 지오셀 시스템으로 보강된 철도노반에 대해 국내외에서 이미 수행된 연구결과들을 분석하고 평가 하였다. 그리고 이들 결과를 토대로 지반의 변형계수 Ev를 시용하여 철도노반의 두께를 산정하는 다층이론에 근거를 둔 등가방법에 의한 설계방법을 개발하였다.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.327-346
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• 2017

Laminated plates have many applications in different industrials. Buckling analysis of these structures with the nano-scale reinforcement has not investigated yet. However, buckling analysis of embedded laminated plates with nanocomposite layers is studied in this paper. Considering the single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) as reinforcement of layers, SWCNTs agglomeration effects and nonlinear analysis using numerical method are the main contributions of this paper. Mori-Tanaka model is applied for obtaining the equivalent material properties of structure and considering agglomeration effects. The elastic medium is simulated by spring and shear constants. Based on first order shear deformation theory (FSDT), the governing equations are derived based on energy method and Hamilton's principle. Differential quadrature method (DQM) is used for calculating the buckling load of system. The effects of different parameters such as the volume percent of SWCNTs, SWCNTs agglomeration, number of layers, orientation angle of layers, elastic medium, boundary conditions and axial mode number of plate on the buckling of the structure are shown. Results indicate that increasing volume percent of SWCNTs increases the buckling load of the plate. Furthermore, considering agglomeration effects decreases the buckling load of system. In addition, it is found that the present results have good agreement with other works.