• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.57-61
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• 2022

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate whether human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) therapy is beneficial for improving semen parameters and clinical hypogonadism symptoms in hypogonadic oligozoospermic or severe oligozoospermic men with low or borderline testosterone levels. Methods: A weekly dose of 250 ㎍ (equivalent to approximately 6,500 IU) of hCG was administered subcutaneously for 3-6 months to 56 hypogonadic oligozoospermic or severe oligozoospermic men. Semen, biochemical, and genetic analyses were performed before the start of treatment followed by analyzing semen parameters every 3 months after the start of therapy. We grouped participants into responders and non-responders depending on positive changes in semen parameters. Results: Out of 56 men, 47 (83.93%) responded, while 9 (16.07%) did not. Upon statistical analysis, it was found that age did not affect the overall outcomes (p=0.292); however, men with higher body mass index (BMI; 28.09±3.48 kg/m²) showed better outcomes than those with low BMI (25.33±3.06 kg/m²) (p=0.042). The duration of therapy (in months) was higher in non-responders than in responders (p=0.020). We found significant improvements in sperm concentration (p=0.006) and count (p=0.005) after 3 months of therapy. Sperm motility and progressive motility were also found to be higher in responders, but did not show statistically significant changes. Conclusion: We conclude that hCG therapy can be beneficial in men with hypogonadic oligozoospermia or severe oligozoospermia.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제55권5호
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• pp.533-542
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• 2022

The total energy expenditure (TEE) consists of the basal energy expenditure (BEE), physical activity energy expenditure (PAEE) and the thermic effect of food. The PAEE accounts for a significant portion of the TEE and can be changed according to individual efforts, and the difference between individuals of PAEE is large. Even for the same physical activity, there is a difference in energy expenditure between adults and children. Therefore, a physical activity classification table for youth is needed to classify the physical activity recorded in the physical activity diary prepared to evaluate children's energy expenditure. It is also necessary to calculate the physical activity level required to set the estimated energy requirement in the Dietary Reference Intakes for children and adolescents in Korea. This paper reports a physical activity classification table for Korean youth using the 2017 Youth Compendium of Physical Activities in the United States. This physical activity classification table includes 110 specific activities classified into 14 major categories by four age groups (6-9, 10-12, 13-15, and 16-18 years old) and their metabolic equivalent values. Of these, 87 physical activities were selected from the 2017 Youth Compendium reported in the United States. Nine physical activities such as washing and going to the bathroom, which are daily activities of children and adolescents not included among them, were selected from the another list (2008) of physical activities in America. The remaining 15 physical activities were selected from the research results, which measured the energy expenditure of Korean children and adolescents. Activity categories were divided into 4 areas: daily activity (A), movement (B), school work (C), exercise and sports (D). This physical activity classification table will help standardize the interpretation and scoring process of physical activity of youth in related studies and community health surveys.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.48-61
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• 2023

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Magnesium is an essential nutrient for human health. However, inadequate intake is commonly reported worldwide. Along with reduced consumption of vegetables and fruits and increased consumption of refined or processed foods, inadequate magnesium intake is increasingly reported as a serious problem. This study aimed to assess magnesium intake, its dietary sources, and the adequacy of magnesium intake in Korean populations. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Data was obtained from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2016-2019 and included individuals aged ≥1 yr who had participated in a nutrition survey (n=28,418). Dietary intake was assessed by 24-h recall, and dietary magnesium intake was estimated using a newly established magnesium database. Diet adequacy was evaluated by comparing dietary intake with the estimated average requirement (EAR) suggested in the Korean Dietary Reference Intakes 2020. RESULTS: The mean dietary magnesium intake of Koreans aged ≥1 yr was 300.4 mg/d, which was equivalent to 119.8% of the EAR. The prevalence of individuals whose magnesium intake met the EAR was 56.8%. Inadequate intake was observed more in females, adolescents and young adults aged 12-29 yrs, elders aged ≥65 yrs, and individuals with low income. About four-fifths of the daily magnesium came from plant-based foods, and the major food groups contributing to magnesium intake were grains (28.3%), vegetables (17.6%), and meats (8.4%). The top 5 individual foods that contributed to magnesium intake were rice, Baechu (Korean cabbage) kimchi, tofu, pork, and milk. However, the contribution of plant foods and individual contributing food items differed slightly by sex and age groups. CONCLUSIONS: This study found that the mean dietary magnesium intake among Koreans was above the recommended intake, whereas nearly one in 2 Koreans had inadequate magnesium intake. To better understand the status of magnesium intake, further research is required, which includes the intake of dietary supplements.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제56권6호
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• pp.403-411
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• 2023

Background: The concept of oligo-recurrence has not been generally applied in esophageal cancer. This study aimed to determine the prognostic significance of the number of recurrences in esophageal cancer. Methods: Patients with squamous cell carcinoma who underwent curative esophagectomy with R0 or R1 resection and who experienced a confirmed recurrence were included. The study included 321 eligible participants from March 2001 to December 2019. The relationship between the number of recurrences and post-recurrence survival was investigated. Results: The mean age was 63.8±8.1 years, and the majority of the participants (97.5%) were men. The median time to recurrence was 10.7 months, and the median survival time after recurrence was 8.8 months. Multiple recurrences with simultaneous local, regional, and distant locations were common (38%). In terms of the number of recurrences, single recurrences were the most common (38.3%) and had the best post-recurrence survival rate (median, 17.1 months; p<0.001). Patients with 2 or 3 recurrences showed equivalent survival to each other and longer survival than those with 4 or more (median, 9.4 months; p<0.001). In the multivariable analysis, the significant predictors of post-recurrence survival were body mass index, minimally invasive esophagectomy, N stage, R0 resection, post-recurrence treatment, and the number of recurrences (p<0.05). Conclusion: After esophagectomy, the number of recurrences was the most significant risk factor influencing post-recurrence survival in patients with esophageal cancer. In esophageal cancer, oligo-recurrence can be defined as a recurrence with three or fewer metastases. More intensive treatment might be recommended if oligo-recurrence occurs.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.539-553
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• 1999

The purpose of this 6-months study was to compare the clinical and radiographic outcomes following guided tissue regeneration treating human mandibular Class II furcation defects with a bioabsorbable BioMesh barrier(test treatment) or a nonabsorbable ePTFE barrier(control treatment). Fourteen defects in 14 patients(mean age 44 years) were treated with BioMesh barriers and ten defects in 10 patients(mean age 48 years) with ePTFE barriers. After initial therapy, a GTR procedure was done. Following flap elevation, root planing, and removal of granulation tissue, each device was adjusted to cover the furcation defect. The flaps were repositioned and sutured to complete coverage of the barriers. A second surgical procedure was performed at control sites after 4 to 6 weeks to remove the nonresorbable barrier. Radiographic and clinical examinations(plaque index, gingival index, tooth mobility, gingival margin position, pocket depth, clinical attachment level) were carried out under standardized conditions immediately before and 6 months after surgery. Furthermore, digital subtraction radiography was carried out. All areas healed uneventfully. Surgical treatment resulted in clinically and statistically equivalent changes when comparisons were made between test and control treatments. Changes in plaque index were 0.7 for test and 0.4 for control treatments; changes in gingival index were 0.9 and 0.5. In both group gingival margin position and pocket depth reduction was 1.0mm and 3.0mm; clinical attachment level gain was 1.9mm. There were no changes in tooth mobility and the bone in radiographic evaluation. No significant(p${\leq }$0.05) difference between the two membranes could be detected with regard to plaque index, gingival index, gingival margin position, pocket depth, and clinical attachment level. In conclusion, a bioabsorbable BioMesh membrane is effective in human mandibular Class II furcation defects and a longer period study is needed to fully evaluate the outcomes.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.21-28
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• 2003

본 연구의 목적은 10명의 비만여성을 체지방율에 의해 두 그룹(A:30~35%, B:35~40%)으로 분류하여 여러 동일한 속도(5.5, 6.0, 6.5, 7.0km.$hr^{-1}$)에서 걷기와 달리기 시 에너지 소비율과 심박수, 호흡교환율, 근동원량 등을 비교하는 것이었다. 본 실험결과 트레드밀 속도증가에 따른 산소 소비량은 두 그룹모두 걷기시 비선형적으로 증가하는 경향을 나타내었으나, 달리기 시에는 선형적 증가를 나타내어 두 그룹 모두에서 속도 6.5~7km/hr내에서 걷기의 에너지 소비율이 달리기시보다 높아지는 시점을 나타내었다. 두 그룹간 비교에서 유의한 차이는 나타나지 않았으나 A그룹 보다 B그룹이 다소 낮은 속도에서 걷기의 에너지효율성이 달리기시보다 떨어지는 경향을 보였다. 심박 수의 측정결과에서는 체 지방 율이 높은 그룹이 낮은 그룹보다 높은 심박 수 반응을 보여 체 지방 율이 높을수록 운동스트레스가 커지는 결과를 보였다. 호흡교환율 또한 체 지방 율이 낮은 그룹 보다 높은 그룹에서 운동시 탄수화물의 에너지참여비율이 높게 나타나 대사적 스트레스가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과로써 비만여성에서 걷기와 달리기 시 체 지방 율이 높을수록 대사적 스트레스를 증가시킬 수 있는 것으로 나타났고 에너지 소비 율도 영향을 받음으로써 걷기시 에너지 효율성에 비만인간 차이가 발생될 수 있지만, 이러한 차이는 크지 않은 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국제4기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국제4기학회 2005년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.48-54
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• 2005

남한의 동남해안가를 따라 단구지형이 잘 발달하여 있으며, 해안단구는 해안충적면(AP,$4{\sim}5m$), 저위단구면(LT, $8{\sim}25m$), 중위단구면(MT, $36{\sim}55m$), 고위단구면(HT, $63{\sim}86m$), 고고위단구면(uHT, above 90m)과 같이5개 주단구면들로 구분된다. 해안단구 중에서 고도 약 8m 에서 20m 부근에 저위단구퇴적층이 잘 발달하여 있다. 이들 퇴적층은 저위2면(LT2)과 저위3면(LT3)에 분포하는 유기니질층 내에 포함된 화산재 산출 특성과 사질층에 대한 광여기루미네선스(OSL) 연대측정을 실시하였다. 연구결과 , LT2면은 해양산소동위체시기(MIS)로 볼 때, MIS 5d 혹은 5e 에 해당하며, LT3면은 MIS 5a 로 해석된다. 특히 LT2퇴적층의 형성은 최종간빙기 최성기의 해침작용과 관련되어 형성되었다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권12호
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• pp.4929-4932
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• 2014

Objective: To compare the mammogarphic appearance between breast cancer patients aged <40 and ${\geq}40$ years. Methods: Needle localization and biopsy of suspicious mammographic lesions identified 1,959 breast carcinomas in a single institution from Jun 2012 to Apr 2013. According to the age, we divided patients into two groups: <40 and ${\geq}40$ years old, and analyzed mammographic appearance separately. Results: Young patients had 44.2% foci with calcification, but old patients only had 39.4% (P<0.001). In younger group, the ratios of cases according to mass density were 41.8% or higher, 58.2% equivalent and lower. In older group, the ratios were 55.5 % and 44.5%, respectively. There were statistical differences between high density and others (P<0.05). The ratios of cases according to mass margin were 13.9% circumscribed and microlobulated, 86.1% indistinct and spiculated in the younger group, as compared to 6.5% and 93.5%, respectively, in the older group (P<0.05). Conclusions: Mammographic findings differ between young and old patients with breast cancer, for example regarding mass density, mass margin and microcalcification ratios.

• 한국안광학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.397-402
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• 2014

목적: 본 연구는 한국 어린이를 대상으로 안축장과 신체 계측치와의 관련성을 조사하였다. 방법: 서울지역에서 11-12세(평균 연령: $11.95{\pm}0.22$세, 여학생: 45.0%)의 초등학생 40명을 대상으로 하였다. 부분 간섭측정법에 의한 안축장, 각막 곡률반경, 굴절이상도, 신장(m), 그리고 체중(kg)을 측정하였고, 체질량지수(BMI $[kg/m^2]=weight/[height]^2$)와 비만정도지수(DO[%]=[actual weightstandard weight]/standard weight)는 계산하였다. 근업 활동으로 1일 평균 독서시간, TV 시청시간, 그리고 컴퓨터 사용시간에 대하여 설문하였다. 결과: 전체 대상자의 평균 굴절이상도는 $1.06{\pm}0.84D$였고, 이들의 안축장과 몸무게(r=0.427, p=0.006), 체질량지수(r=0.508, p=0.001), 비만정도지수(r=0.371, p=0.018)는 유의한 양의 상관관계를 보였다. 또한 안축장은 체중(p=0.041)과 체질량지수(p=0.015)의 1사분위수, 그리고 비만정도지수가 가장 높은 그룹(p=0.042)에서 유의하게 길었다. 연령, 성별, 그리고 근업 활동을 보정한 후에 다중회귀분석에서 체중, 체질량지수 그리고 비만정도지수는 안축장과 유의한 관련성을 보였고, 특히, 근업 활동에서 1일 독서시간은 안축장과 유의한 관련성을 보였다. 결론: 한국 초등학생의 안축장은 체중과 관련이 있었다. 특히, 긴 안축장과 1일 독서시간은 유의한 관계를 보였다.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.427-434
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• 2005

본 연구에서는 실리케이트계 급결제, 알루미네이트계 급결제, 시멘트 광물계 급결제를 사용하여 모르타르의 응결시간과 압축 강도를 실내시험하고, 현장에서 제작된 공시체로 숏크리트의 압축강도, 휨 강도, 휨 인성 및 리바운드율 시험을 시행하여, 급결제가 숏크리트에 미치는 응결, 강도, 시공성을 비교 검토하고, 특히 시멘트광물계 급결제의 성능을 평가하였다 급결제 종류별로 비교한 압축강도의 값은 각 재령별로 숏크리트의 강도 기준에는 적합하였으나 재령 28일의 강도비 $75\%$ 이상의 규정에는 시멘트광물계만이 $87\%$로 규격에 적합하였다. 휨강도시험 결과는 강섬유 숏크리트에 대한 기준에 시멘트광물계는 모든 적합하였으나 알루미네이트계는 재령 28일에서만 기준치에 적합하였으며, 실리케이트계는 모든 기준에 미흡하였으며, 휨 인성 실험결과 한국도로공사 기준에 시멘트광물계와 알루미네이트계는 규정값에 적합하였으나, 실리케이트계는 이기준에 미흡하였다 리바운드율 시험결과는 대체로 $11{\~}19\%$사이였으며, 시멘트광물계 급결제를 사용한 쪽이 알루미네이트계와 실리케이트계 급결제를 사용한 것보다 $2{\~}3\%$ 정도 작게 나타났다. 시멘트광물계 급결제는 초기의 높은 강도와 함께 종래의 급결제가 가지는 장기강도 저감을 극복하고 고강도화 됨으로써 고성능 숏크리트의 품질확보 가능성을 확인할 수 있었다.