• 제목/요약/키워드: equilibria

검색결과 341건 처리시간 0.033초

日本の量的·質的金融緩和(QQE)の効果について (Study on the Effect of Quantitative and Qualitative Easing(QQE) in Japan)

  • Yeom, Dongho
    • 분석과 대안
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    • 제2권2호
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    • pp.143-162
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    • 2018
  • This paper focuses on the policy framework about "Quantitative and Qualitative Easing (QQE)" of Japan, and analyzes reasons why the policy goal was not reached. The QQE was introduced by the Bank of Japan in 2013 with the purpose of meeting the price stability target of 2% and getting out of deflation that prevents sustained price decline. However, despite the implementation of the bold monetary easing policy unprecedented in the world, the policy goal was not achieved as of June 2018. As a result of analyzing the causes, the following three structural factors were confirmed. 1) The rise in prices by QQE was limited because Japan's consumer price is strongly depending on import price. 2) The effect is high degree of uncertainty and limited because theoretical framework of reflationist which adopted QQE depends on "expectation formation" by "self-fulfilling expectation" and "multiple equilibria". 3) It was confirmed that the expansion of the monetary base did not lead to money stock due to the existence of Japanese liquidity trap, long-term low interest rate policy.

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Application of Polyurethane Foam Loaded with a Schiff Base Ligand for Determination of Trace Amounts of Copper in Water Samples by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy

  • Moftakhar, Mahdieh Koorehpazan;Yaftian, Mohammad Reza;Nahaei, Samaneh;Zamani, Abbas Ali
    • 대한화학회지
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    • 제58권3호
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    • pp.283-288
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    • 2014
  • A column solid phase extraction procedure based on modified polyurethane foam (PUF) by a newly synthesized Schiff base ionophore, named 2,2'-{iminobis[propane-3,1-diylnitrilo(1E)prop-1-yl-1-ylidene]}diphenol, was developed for preconcentration step of trace amounts determination of copper ions in water samples by atomic absorption flame spectroscopy. The influence of parameters on the adsorption process such as sample pH, amount of modified PUF packed in the column, type and volume of stripping reagent and its flow rate were investigated and optimized. Under optimum experimental conditions, the calibration graph was linear in a relatively wide range ($0.005-210{\mu}g/ml$) with a limit of detection $0.002{\mu}g/ml$ of copper. The proposed method allows achieving to a concentration factor of >133. The capacity of a column (1.6 cm i.d.) packed by 6 g of PUF modified by 12 mg of the Schiff base was found to be $247.7({\pm}2.1){\mu}g$ of copper. It was found that the adsorption process was highly selective towards copper ions with respect to some associated metal ions. The presented procedure was successfully applied for determination of copper in some water samples.

염산용액(鹽酸溶液)에서 코발트(II)와 망간(II)의 이온 평형(平衡) 및 Alamine336에 의한 용매추출(溶媒抽出) 비교(比較) (Ionic Equilibria and Comparison of Solvent Extraction of Cobalt(II) and Manganese(II) from HCl Solution by Alamine336)

  • 이만승;신선명
    • 자원리싸이클링
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    • 제19권4호
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    • pp.29-34
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    • 2010
  • 염산 용액에서 코발트(II)와 망간(II)의 이온평형을 해석하여 염산농도에 따른 착물의 농도분포를 구했다. 염산농도 4에서 10 M 사이의 범위에서 코발트의 대부분은 $CoCl_2$로, 망간은 $MnCl_{3}^-$$MnCl_2$로 존재한다. Alamine336에 의한 코발트와 망간 추출반응의 평형상수를 이용하여 두 금속의 등온추출곡선을 구했다. 망간 추출반응의 평형상수가 코발트의 평형상수보다 크나, 등온추출곡선을 비교하면 동일한 추출조건에서 코발트가 망간보다 Aalmine336에 효율적으로 추출된다.

25℃에서 ZnSO4-Fe2(SO4)3-Na2SO4-H2SO4-NaOH-H2O계에 대해 Pitzer식과 Vasil'ev식에 의한 이온평형해석 비교 (Comparison of Ionic Equilibria Analysis of ZnSO4-Fe2(SO4)3-Na2SO4-H2SO4-NaOH-H2O System at 25℃ between Pitzer and Vasil'ev Equation)

  • 이만승;이경주;남상호
    • 분석과학
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    • 제16권2호
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    • pp.159-165
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    • 2003
  • 아연산화광 황산침출액에 적용가능한 이온평형모델을 개발하기 위해 Vasil'ev식과 Pitzer식에 의한 해석방법을 비교하였다. 이온강도가 9 m정도로 증가할수록 Vasil'ev식보다는 Pitzer식에 의한 용액의 이온평형결과가 정확하였다. 아연산화광 황산침출액을 모사하기위해 $25^{\circ}C$에서 $ZnSO_4-Fe_2(SO_4)_3-Na_2SO_4-H_2SO_4-NaOH-H_2O$계에 대해 전해질의 농도를 변화시키며 혼합한 용액의 pH 측정값과 본 연구에서 계산한 pH값은 서로 잘 일치하였다.