• 대한약침학회지
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• 제10권1호통권22호
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• pp.109-119
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• 2007

In order to study the effects of Pinus densiflora on hyperlipidemia and lipid in rats, we divided the rats into groups(Normal group, Control group and Sample group) and perfomed the experimental research. Hyperlipidemia and lipid in rats were induced by high fat diets for 8weeks. The sample group was administerd the extract of Pinus densiflora for 14 days and control group was administerd equal dose of oral. And then we measured the amount of serum triglyceride, Total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, Free Fatty Acid, phospholipid, Insuline, Laptin, Body weight, epididymis fat weight & rate, epididymis fat cell, Cardiac Risk Factor(CRF). The results were as followers : 1. Sample Group showed decreasing effects on Total cholesterol, Trigylceride, LDL-cholesterol, and Phospholipid levels in serum and CRF significantly. 2. Sample Group showed increasing effects on HDL-cholesterol level in serum significantly. 3. Sample Group showed decreasing effects on Insuline in serum significantly. 4. Sample Group showed increasing effects on Laptin in serum significantly. 5. Sample Group showed decreasing effects on Body weight, epididymis fat weight & rate, epididymis fat cell significantly. According to the above results, Pinus densiflora showed significant decreasing effects on hyperlipidemia and lipid in rats, it is considered that it is appropriate to apply for hyperlipidemia, obesity.

• 한국동물학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.264-274
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• 1989

본 실험은 생쥐에서 부정소액내의 단백질 성분과 조성에 미치는 정소액과 정자의 영향을 알아보기 위하여, 성적 성숙시기에 따라 정소와 부정소의 조직분화 양상을 관찰하였으며, 강소분화 특징에 따라 체취한 부정소액은 전기영동법으로 단백질을 분석하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 정소와 부정소는 생후 10일군에서 미분화 상태였고, 20일군에서 세정관의 강소는 형성되지 않았으나 부정소는 두부에서 미부에까지 강소가 형성되었으며, 35일군에서는 정소내 세정관의 강소가 형성되었고 정세포는 정자로 분화되었고, 부정소의 상피세포는 principal cell과 clear cell로 분화되었으나 부정소로 유입된 정자는 없었다. 80일군에서는 정소와 부정소가 완전히 본화되었고 부정소로 유입된 많은정자가 관찰되었다. 그리고 부정소액의 전기영동상에는 혈청내의 성분과 다른 단백질이 모두 28종이 나타났는데, 그 중 12종은 부정소액에만 존재하는 부정소 특이단백질이었고, 16종은 정소액에도 공통으로 존재하는 단백질이었다. 또한 이 단백질들은 성숙시기에 따라 종류가 다르게 나타났으며, 성체에서 나타난 3종의 단백질은 부정소의 부위에 따라 양적인 변화를 나타냈다. 이상의 결과로 보아 부정소액내 단백질의 성분과 조성은 정자를 포함한 정소액의 유입과 부정소 상피세포의 분비 및 흡수의 조절작용에 의하여 변화되는 것으로 사료된다. 따라서 부정소액내의 TEP와 ESP는 부정소 정자의 성숙에 어떤 중요한 역할을 할 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.24-31
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• 1979

The maturation changes in morphology were studied with the spermatozoa collected from the testis and three successive parts of the epididymis in Korean native Cattle. Acrosomal granules were observed in the testis. Avoiding the cap and acrosome phases, the tail base and the striated column of the neck were formed in spermatides. The volume of the acrosome was decreased during transit from the testis to the epididymis. The cell membranes were also separated from the acrosome or damage during the spermatozoan passage through successive parts of the reproductive tract. Cytoplasmic droplets were observed in the spermatozoa collected from various parts of the reproductive tract.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.237-245
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• 2016

Direct communication between neighboring cells via gap junction in tissue is important for maintenance and regulation of its physiological functions. Each epididymal region has different composition of cell types. It is well recognized that the epididymis is a steroid hormone-responsive tissue. The present study was designed to determine the effect of estradiol benzoate (EB) or flutamide exposured at the early postnatal age on the expression of connexin (Cx) isoforms in the caudal epididymis. The EB or flutamide was subcutaneously administrated to male Spragure Dawley rat at 7 days of age, and expressional changes of Cx isoforms in the adult corpus epididymis were determined by quantitative real-time PCR. The treatment of low-dose EB resulted in decreases of Cx30.3, Cx31.1, Cx37, and Cx45 expression but caused an increase of Cx32 expression. Exposure to high-dose EB led into expressional increases of Cx31, Cx31.1, Cx32, Cx40, and Cx43, even though a decrease of Cx37 expression was found with a high-dose EB treatment. A low-dose flutamide induced increases of Cx31, Cx31.1, Cx32, and Cx43 expression but a decrease of Cx37 expression. Expression of most Cx genes were significantly increased by a high-dose flutamide, while no expressional change of Cx26 and Cx40 was detected by a high-dose flutamide. These results indicate that expression of Cx isoforms in the caudal epididymis is altered by exposure to steroidal compounds at the prepubertal age. It is suggested that a contact with environmental exogenous materials during the early postnatal period would lead to alteration of epididymal functions at the adult.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.12-25
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• 1994

This research was undertaken to determine the effects of the anticancer and immunosuppressive drug cyclophosphamide (CP) on the epididymis of the male rat in terms of ultrastructural alteration and protein analysis by SDS-PAGE at different groups; control group, 1 week group, 3 weeks group, 5 weeks group were treated with saline (control group) or CP at doses of 20mg/Kg/week, 1 time a week, respectively. In the cytoplasm of the principal cells on the epididymis, the mitochondrial outer and inner membranes were significantly swollen or disrupted. The cisterns of rough endoplasmic reticulum (rER) were also swollen, and a number of Golgi vesicles were increased, respectively. It is suggested that treatment with CP alters the specific cell organelles in all segments of the epididymis. CP caused changes in protein concentrations in cauda of epididymis after CP treatment. Total proteins of 30 to 39 species such as lactate dehydrogenase, carnitine acetyltransferase and acid phosphatase were expressed in the cauda fluid. Then the more CP was increased, the more concentration of proteins caused to decrease, synthesize or increase in epididymal cauda. In contrast to the control group, in particular 29KD and the other 10 proteins in the cauda fluid were decreased or disappeared, respectively, whereas 89KD and the other 6 proteins in the cauda, were increased or synthesized, respectively. The other proteins are not showed distinctive difference. Therefore, it is possible that CP at a high dose accumulation alters epididymal function with dose-related increase or decrease in specific activity of marked proteins for all regions of the epididymis (particularly, specific segment of cauda). These alterations could be mediated by direct, toxic effects of the drug on the epithelium or be secondary to changes in the spermatozoa as a result of the CP treatment.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.23-36
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• 1990

Several types of the epithelial cells were classified by ultrastructural observation through transmission electron microscope in the rat epididymis. Ultrastructural studies showed that the principal cells, basal cells and narrow cells are located in all the regions of the epididymis and the light cells are present only in the corpus and cauda epididymis. It was observed that the columnar epithelial cells like the principal cells, light cells and narrow cells contain several secretory vesicles and there are halo cells migrating in the several regions. The basal cells showed the elliptical forms in the caput and corpus region and the global forms in the cauda region.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.103-109
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• 2013

ICI 182,780 (ICI) is known as an estrogen receptor antagonist, whereas propyl pyrazole triol (PPT) is an estrogen receptor agonist. In this study, ICI or ICI added with PPT was injected into adult male mice. Body and reproductive organ weights were reduced in the ICI added with PPT group compared to the control group. Further, the ICI and ICI added with PPT groups both showed increases in luminal areas of the seminiferous tubules of the testis, whereas cell heights of efferent ductules and the initial segment of the epididymis were reduced. Sperm count in the caudal epididymis was reduced in the ICI and ICI added with PPT groups. These results show that reproductive tissues were more deeply affected in the ICI added with PPT group. We also demonstrated that treatment with ICI resulted in histological changes in the testis, efferent ductule, and epididymis. Further, alternate treatment with ICI and PPT induced abnormalities in reproductive organs. These results indicate that a high concentration of PPT together with ICI may cause histological abnormalities instead of histological restoration in reproductive organs.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.379-389
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• 2017

Connexin (Cx) involves in the regulation of various physiological functions of tissue by forming a channel, a gap junction which allows direct cell-cell communication, between adjacent cells. The effect of a single subcutaneous treatment of estradiol benzoate (EB) or flutamide (Flu) at the weaning age on the expression of Cx isoforms in the adult caput epididymis was evaluated in this research. Using quantitative real-time PCR analysis, a low-dose of EB [$0.015{\mu}g/kg$ body weight (BW)] caused significant decreases of Cx30.3, Cx32, Cx40, Cx43, and Cx45 mRNA levels and no change of Cx26, Cx31, Cx31.1, Cx37 transcript levels. The treatment of a high-dose EB ($1.5{\mu}g/kg\;BW$) resulted in reduced expression of Cx30.3, Cx31, Cx43, and Cx45 but increased expression of Cx37 and Cx40. Expression of all Cx isoforms examined, except Cx31, was significantly increased by the treatment of a low-dose Flu ($500{\mu}g/kg\;BW$). However, the treatment of a high-dose Flu (5 mg/kg BW) led significant expressional suppression of Cx30.3, Cx31, Cx31.1, Cx32, Cx40, Cx43, and Cx45 but an increase of Cx37 transcript level. With the comparison of previous findings, the expression of Cx isoforms in the adult epididymis after the exposure to EB or Flu is likely differentially regulated in regional-specific and/or exposed postnatal age-specific manner.

• 한국동물학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.290-303
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• 1989

$\beta$-glucosidase, $\beta$-glucuronidase, N-acetyl-$\beta$-glucosaminidase의 성적 성숙과의 연관서을 조사하기 위하여 흰쥐의 복강내로 testosterone과 dibutryjry cyclic AMP 를 투여하여 위이 효소들의 활성도를 측정하였다. 그 결과 겨세한 실험군에서$\beta$-glucosidase와 N-acetyl-$\beta$-glucosaminidase이 활성도도 거세후 7일째에는 유의성있는 감소효과를 나타내었다. testosterone을 7일간 계속 투여한 경우에는 세 효소의 활성도가 모두 유의성있게 증가하였고 dbcAMP 투여군의 경우는 거세 14일째되는 실험군과 비슷하거나 감소하는 경향이 있었다. 미세구조를 관찰한 결과 부정소 상피세포의 유형은 크게 주세포와 기저세포로 나눌 수 있었으며 주세포는 일반적인 원주상피의 형태를 나타냈으며 소낭을 많이 포함하고 있는 narrow cell이 존재하였다. 특히 부정소미에는 다른 상피세포에 비해 전자밀도가 낮은 light cell이 존재했고 기저세포는 부정소 부위마다 비슷한 형태를 가지는 것으로 나타났으며 상피세포 사이에는 이동능력을 가진 halo cell이 존재했다.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.367-374
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• 2016

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of transfer temperature of epididymis on survival rate of semen and development ability of B6D2F1 mice embryos. No significant differences were noted in the survival rate of semen ($59.0%{\pm}0.1$ vs. $47.6%{\pm}0.1$), in vitro fertilization rate ($90.7%{\pm}0.1$ vs. $90.7%{\pm}0.1$), developmental rate ($90.0%{\pm}0.1$ vs. $90.0%{\pm}0.1$), and blastocysts formation rate ($53.1%{\pm}0.2$ vs. $52.3%{\pm}0.2$) between groups. (NS; P>0.05). However, the zona hatched rate was significantly higher in the $4^{\circ}C$ group compared to those of the $37^{\circ}C$ group ($47.8%{\pm}0.1$ vs. $25.6%{\pm}0.2$; p<0.05). When it comes to cell numbers of blastocysts, the % ICM (/total cells) was significantly higher in the group of $4^{\circ}C$ compared to the $37^{\circ}C$ ($27.0%{\pm}0.1$ vs. $18.3%{\pm}0.1$; p<0.05). However there were no differences in total cell numbers ($72.7{\pm}31.6$ vs. $62.0{\pm}36.6$), ICM cell numbers ($17.0{\pm}7.8$ vs. $14.6{\pm}8.6$), TE cell numbers ($55.8{\pm}29.8$ vs. $64.0{\pm}24.4$), the ratio of ICM:TE ($1:4.2{\pm}4.1$ vs. $1:6.4{\pm}7.2$) between two groups (NS; P>0.05). Taken altogether, it is expected to achieve the best developmental ability of B6D2F1 mice embryos in the transfer temperature of epididymis. Also these results can provide fundamental data to maximize culture condition for in vitro fertilization on B6D2F1 mice. In future, therefore, it is expected that results herein might be applied for in vitro culture of human embryos.