• Journal of Life Science
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.450-455
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• 2017

Codonopsis lanceolata (Campanulaceae) has been widely used in traditional medicine and is considered to have medicinal properties to treat diseases and symptoms such as bronchitis, coughs, spasm, edema, hepatitis, colitis, and lung injury. In order to investigate whether native Codonopsis lanceolata extract alleviates ashmatic symptoms in vivo, we first carried out various antioxidant activities by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) assays. The antioxidant activities were increased by adding Codonopsis lanceolata extract in a concentration-dependent manner which compared to ascorbic acid as a positive control. Histological studies using an ovalbumin-induced animal model exhibited potent anti-inflammatory potential by decreasing immuno-responsive cells in the lung by the extract by confirming H&E and PAS staining. It is revelaed that further immunihistochemical analysis showed anti-ashmatic capabilities by assessing histamine, IL-31, and MMP-9 expressions. The level of IL-13 expression in Codonopsis lanceolata extract-treated group was decreased upto 73.7% compared to control, whereas that of total cells and eosinophil counting in Codonopsis lanceolata extract-treated group was diminished to 73.5% and 80.9%, respectively. These results collectively indicate that the C. lanceolata extract ameliorates asthmatic symptoms effectively in an ovalbumin-challenged mice model, in that the extract can be used for the development of an anti-asthmatic food ingredient.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.71 no.1
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• pp.24-29
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• 2011

Background: The rising prevalence of asthma worldwide may be associated with the rising prevalence of obesity in developed nations. Although several studies have suggested a relationship between asthma and obesity, controversy still remains. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between obesity and asthmatic factors such as atopy, eosinophilia, serum total Ig E and bronchial hyperresponsiveness in chronic cough patients. Methods: This study was a retrospective, observational study in two centers done between January 2007 and June 2008. The subjects included individuals who had a chronic cough. We examined body mass index (BMI) to measure obesity and pulmonary function. We did a metacholine provocation test for airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), a skin prick test for atopy, and tests for blood eosinophils and serum IgE. Results: A total of 1022 subjects were included. Airway hyperresponsiveness was not related with obesity (p=0.06), and atopy incidence was significant higher in non obese patients (p=0.00). There was no significant difference in serum IgE and blood eosinophil counts between obese and non obese patients. Forced expiratory volue in one second ($FEV_1$)/forced vital capacity (FVC) was significantly reduced in obese patients (p=0.03), but FEV1 and FVC were no significant difference between obese and non obese patients. Conclusion: There is no relationship between obesity and bronchial hyperresponsiveness. The nonobese group appears to have more atopy. The relationship between obesity and bronchial hyperresponsiveness and atopy need further investigation.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.33-44
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• 1979

These studies were carried out to investigate the effects of liver-fluke infection on the reproductive disorder and milk and meat production in Korean Native Goat. A survey of infected goat in Chungnam district was conducted with 474 head by interdermal reaction and also a clinical observation was founded. A experiment was carried out to determine the effects of liver fluke extract on the reproductive disorder by subcutaneous injection and milk and meat yield were measured from treat ed goats. The results obtained were summarized as follows. 1. The rate of positive goat was 71.3% among the surveyed goat and the highest rate was appeared at 3~4 years old goats as 81.4%. 2. The treated goats lost condition and failed to thrive, and became progressive weaker. 3. In hemogram, observation, the rate of eosinophil leucocyte was increased significantly by extract treated. 4. It was appeared the pathogenic signs such symptoms poisoning liver function disturbance and reproductive disorder from treated goats with liver fluke extract. 5. In milking goat the milk yield droped significantly and fattening goat did not fatten. 6. The gross income value per capita was lower from infected goat and it was analysed more sensitivly in net income value.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.30 no.3 s.47
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• pp.345-352
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• 2004

There are two paradigms to explain the atopic dermatitis. The first is outside-inside paradigm and the second is inside-outside paradigm. According to the outside-inside paradigm the best way to treat the atopic dermatitis is recovery of skin barrier function. The barrier function is maintained by the specific structure of stratum corneum, which is constructed from corneocytes and intercellular lipids. In terms of lipid structures of SC in atopic dermatitis and lamellar ichthyosis, they contain more fluid hexagonal gel structures in SC and show deficiencies in free fatty acids, especially long chains and certain ceramides. With this reason, moisturizer which has the lamellar structure and restoring function of intrinsic intercellualr long periodicity phase can maintain and restore the lamellar structure of intercellular lipids in SC. The moisturizers containing ceramide or pseudoceramide also seem to be reasonable therapy for atopic dermatitis and several skin diseases, which interrelated with impaired skin harrier. By the way, according to the inside-outside paradigm, immune response including helper T cells, IgE, eosinophils is related. It is effective treatment of atopic dermititis to restore imbalance between Th1 and Th2 cells. Even though several kinds of immune-suppressor were introduced, these can affect the intrinsic immune function. SPC and S1P, metabolites of ceramide, would be interesting because they have the function of wound healing and immune modulating properties.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.51-60
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• 2020

Objective : The objective of this study was to demonstrate the effect of Persicae Semen (PS) in DNCB-induced atopic dermatitis mouse and HaCaT cell. Methods : The BALB/c mice were divided into four groups. To develop atopic dermatitis, 200 ㎕ of 1 and 0.5% DNCB solution was put on the back of mice in the Control group, the PS-Low group and the PS-High group once a day. After application of DNCB, 200 ㎕ of the PS extract was also treated. The Normal group was given PBS. The mice dorsal skin was stained with Masson's trichrome, H&E, and toluidine blue to evaluate the thickness of the epidermis and dermis, infiltration of eosinophils and mast cells respectively. ELISA was applied to measure the serum level of IgE and IL-6. Toxicity of PS was measured by MTS assay in HaCaT cell. To investigate the effects of PS on HaCaT cells, cells were pre-treated with PS for 1h, and then stimulated with TNF-α and IFN-γ. After 24 hours, the expression of TARC was analyzed using RT-PCR. Results : PS not only significantly diminished the thickness of the epidermis and dermis, but also reduced the infiltration of eosinophil and mast cell in skin lesion. PS also reduced the serum IgE and IL-6 level which plated important roles in the atopic dermatitis. The expression of TARC was decreased significantly in TNF-α/IFN-γ stimulated HaCaT cell. Conclusion : These results suggest that PS may be effective in alleviating the atopic dermatitis induced by DNCB and inflammation by TNF-α/IFN-γ.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.129-149
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• 2012

Objective : The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of cosmetic cream containing Samwhangsejegamibang Extracts on Atopic dermatitis patients. Methods : A total of 51 patients who visited Wonkwang Oriental Medical Center from April 8th, 2011 to October 8th, 2011 were included in this study. In this study, the patients were treated with Samwhangsejegamibang (experimental group) and placebo group. We observed scorad index, IGA, moisture content of skin, oil content of skin, wrinkled skin and hematological examination for 4 weeks. Results : 1. Comparison of changes in Scorad Index, depending on the perspective, the experimental group showed a statistically significant decline than the placebo group. 2. Comparison of change in IGA, depending on the perspective, the experimental group showed a statistically significant decline than the placebo group. 3. Comparison of change in moisture content, oil content of skin and wrinkled skin, both the experimental group and the placebo group showed level elevation but there was no statistically significant change. 4. Comparison of change in IgE and Eosinophil, both the experimental group and the placebo group showed no statistical significance. Conclusions : Considering the above experiments, it is suggested that cosmetic cream containing Samwhangsejegamibang extracts have a positive effect on atopic dermatitis patients.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.69 no.6
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• pp.426-433
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• 2010

Background: Persistent cough has recently been found to be associated with Chlamydia pneumoniae infection. We aimed to investigate the infection rate of C. pneumonia in adult patients with chronic cough. Methods: We recruited 68 patients with persistent cough lasting in excess of 3 weeks, who visited Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital from January 2005 to August 2005. On the first visit, chest and paranasal sinuses radiography, skin prick test of common allergens, and induced sputum samples for C. pneumoniae were performed in all of patients. Further evaluation for diagnosis included a methacholine provocation test and eosinophil counts in induced sputum. Results: The most common cause of chronic cough was upper airway cough syndrome (UACS) (26.5%), followed by eosinophilic bronchitis (20.6%) and cough variant asthma (16.2%). Idiopathic chronic cough was the cause in 33.8% of patients. The mean duration of cough was 11.7 months. C. pneumoniae was isolated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from one patient who had upper respiratory air way syndrome. Conclusion: Chlamydia pneumoniae appears to have a minor role as a cause of chronic cough in patients.

• Neonatal Medicine
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.75-79
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• 2008

Purpose : There are many causes of hematochezia in neonates and during early infancy. Cow's milk allergy is considered to be the most common cause of bloody stools in infants; however, cow's milk allergy is diagnosed in relatively few patients. In a significant proportion of case investigations, the etiology of hematochezia is not determined. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the clinical course and prognosis of patients with hematochezia of unknown etiology. Methods : The patients were <4-month-old infants with hematochezia in whom infectious and surgical etiologies had been excluded. We investigate retrospectively the clinical course and laboratory finding. We also perform 2-years follow-up study and evaluate prognosis of the patients. Results : In all study patients, RAST milk was negative. All patients had self-limited hematochezia. In 2-years of follow-up, the prognosis of patients was good. There were no differences at 2-year regarding allergic tendencies of the patients, as determined by the increase in total eosinophil count. Conclusion : Hematochezia in neonates and during early infancy is generally a benign and self-limiting symptom. Based on 2-years of follow-up, the prognosis of the patients is good.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.1159-1165
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• 2006

This study was done to investigate the effects of Gamisojaganggi-tang(GSGT) on immunopathologic changes in OVA-induced asthma model of mice. Pathologic indicators associated with this immune disease, which include cytokines, the number of immune-cells, immunoglobin E (IgE), were examined, and histological changes of bronchial tissues were also examined. The administration of GSGT significantly reduced the lung weight compared with control mice of OVA-induced asthma model. The administration of GSGT significantly reduced the number of total cells in BALF compared with control mice of OVA-induced asthma model. The administration of GSGT significantly reduced the number of eosinophil in BALF compared with control mice of OVA-induced asthma model. The administration of GSGT insignificantly increased the number of monocyte in BALF compared with control mice of OVA-induced asthma model. The administration of GSGT significantly reduced the number of lymphocyte in BAL compared with control mice of OVA-induced asthma model. The administration of GSGT significantly reduced the gene expression of eotaxin in lung tissue compared with control mice of OVA-induced asthma model. The administration of GSGT insignificantly reduced the IL-4 and IL-5 production in BALF compared with control mice of OVA-induced asthma model. The administration of GSGT insignificantly reduced the levels of total IgE and ovalbumin-specific IgE in BALF. The administration of GSGT significantly reduced the levels of ovalbumin-specific IgE whereas the serum levels of total IgE were insignificantly reduced compared with control mice of OVA-induced asthma model. The administration of GSGT moderately reduced bronchial alveolar narrowing, bronchiovascular edema and increase in the size of alveolar space, which shown in control mice of OVA-induced asthma model, in a dose dependent manner. Furthermore, GSGT reduced invasion of inflammatory cells, and proliferation of smooth muscle cells in bronchial tissue. These results suggested that GSGT has suppressive effects on pathologic changes associated with disease progression in asthma through the modulation of immune system. GSGT has potential to use as an anti-asthmatic agents.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.1636-1648
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• 2006

There are detailed descriptions of the clinical experiences and prescriptions of asthma in traditional Korean medicine. Zedoariae rhizoma is one of the Korean herbal medicines used to treat bronchial asthma and allergic rhinitis for centuries. However, the therapeutic mechanisms of this medication are still far from clear, In this study, a house-dust-mite (Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus [Der p])-sensitized murine model of asthma was used to evaluate the immunomodulatory effect of Zedoariae rhizoma on the allergen-induced airway inflammation in asthma. Three different protocols were designed to evaluate the treatment and/or long-term prophylacitic effect of Zedoariae rhizoma in Der p-sensitized mice. Cellular infiltration and T-cell subsets in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF)of allergen-challenged mice were analyzed. Intrapulmonary lymphocytes were also isolated to evaluate their response to allergen stimulation. When Zedoariae rhizoma was administered to the sensitized mice before AC (groups A and C), it suppressed airway inflammation by decreasing the number of total cells and eosinophil infiltration in the BALF, and downregulated the allergen- or mitogen-induced intrapulmonary lymphocyte response of sensitized mice as compared to those of controls. This immunomodulatory effect of Zedoariae rhizoma may be exerted through the regulation of T-cell subsets by elevation or activation of the CD8+ and double-negative T-cell population in the lung. However, the administration of Zedoariae rhizoma to sensitized mice 24 h after AC (group B) did not have the same inhibitory effect on the airway inflammation as Zedoariae rhizoma given before AC. Thus, the administration of Zedoariae rhizoma before AC has the immunomodulatory effect of reducing bronchial inflammation in the allergen-sensitized mice. On the other hand, to determine the potentiality of prophylactic and/or therapeutic approaches using a traditional herbal medicine, Zedoariae rhizoma, for the control of allergic disease, we examined the effects of oral administration of Zedoariae rhizoma on a murine model of asthma allergic responses. When oral administration of Zedoariae rhizoma was begun at the induction phase immediately after OVA sensitization, eosinophilia and Th2-type cytokine production in the airway were reduced in OVA-sensitized mice following OVA inhalation. These results suggest that the oral administration of Zedoariae rhizoma dichotomously modulates allergic inflammation in murine model for asthma, thus offering a different approach for the treatment of allergic disorders.