• 한국펄프종이공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국펄프종이공학회 2006년도 춘계학술발표논문집
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• pp.167-173
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• 2006

Deinking is a series of unit operations designed to detach ink from cellulose fibers and separate the dispersed ink from the pulp slurry. Deinking chemicals are process aids that enable expensive mill equipment used in these unit operations to operate more efficiently - often much more efficiently. We propose the blended deinking agent with cellulolutic enzymes and synthetic collector in deinking pulp of conventional alkaline method. The deinking efficiency of old news print in alkaline pH was enhanced with enzyme treatments. The brightness of deinked pulp was increased with less residual ink particles and yield of enzymatic deinked pulp was improved compared to the deinked pulp of conventional alkaline method. Enzymes in biomass were use to Chemical Deinking for reduce environment pollution through surfactant and improve surfactants. examining into compatibility Enzymes and surfactants, these new materials are studied efficiency of deinking efficiency.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.583-589
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• 1989

보리차의 수율을 높이고 보리를 효율적으로 이용하며 품질을 향상시켜 한국인의 기호에 맞는 보리차를 개발하기 위하여 나맥인 영산보리를 조쇄하고 20분 침지하여 $250^{\circ}C$에서 6분 볶아 세 가지의 복합효소(1,000, 2,000 및 5,000)을 일정한 시간 반응시켜 물리화학적 성질 및 관능경사를 실시하였다. 고형물의 수율은 ${\alpha}-amylase$의 활성이 높은 복합효소 5,000이 가장 좋았고 복합효소 1,000, 2,000의 순이었다. 수율이 높은 효소일수록 반응시간이 짧아도 대조구에 비하여 수율이 높았으며 수율이 낮은 효소는 반응시간을 10분에서 40분까지 계속 증가시킬 때 수율은 직선적으로 증가하였다. 점도는 복합호소 5,000<1,000<2,000 순이었으며 D.E.는 이와 반대이었고 탁도는 점도와 같은 순이었으나 점도, 탁도 및 D.E.는 호소반응시간에 따라, 일정한 경향은 있었으나 큰 차이를 고이지는 않았다. 24시간 $4^{\circ}C$ 저장시 복합효소 5,000은 거의 침전물이 생성되지 않았다. 보리차의 색은 수율이 높을수록 L값은 낮고 a, b값은 높아져 전체적으로 색이 엷어졌다. 관능검사 결과 효소반응시간이 $30{\sim}40$분 일 때 전반적인 관능적 성질이 향상되었고 복합효소 5,000이 가장 효과적이었다.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.278-288
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• 2021

The development of bioenergy through biomass has gained importance due to the increasing rates of fossil fuel depletion. Biomass is important to increase the productivity of bioethanol, and production of biomass with high biomass productivity, low lignin content, and high cellulose content is also important in this regard. Inorganic salts are important in the cultivation of biomass crops for the production of biomass with desirable characteristics. In this study, the roles of various inorganic salts in biomass and bioethanol production were investigated using an in vitro tobacco culture system. The inorganic salts evaluated in this study showed dramatic effects on tobacco plant growth. For example, H₂PO₄ substantially improved plant growth and the root/shoot (R/S) ratio. The chemical compositions of tobacco plants grown in media after removal of various inorganic salts also showed significant differences; for example, lignin content was high after Mg²⁺ removal treatment and low after K⁺ treatment and H₂PO₄ removal treatment. On the other hand, NO₃^- and H₂PO₄ treatments yielded the highest cellulose content, while enzymatic hydrolysis yielded the highest glucose concentration ratio 24 h after NH₄⁺ removal treatment. The ethanol productivity after H₂PO₄ removal treatment was 3.95% (w/v) 24 h after fermentation and 3.75% (w/v) after 36 h. These results can be used as the basis for producing high-quality biomass for future bioethanol production.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제63권4호
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• pp.291-295
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• 2020

참기름 제조의 부산물인 참깨박의 활용도를 높이기 위하여 효소 처리에 의한 참깨박 불용성 단백질의 추출 조건을 조사하였다. 단백질 분해효소인 Alcalase, Flavourzyme, Neutrase, Protamex의 처리 결과를 대조구와 비교한 결과 Protamex가 고형분과 단백질 함량 증가에 효과적이었다. Protamex의 반응 조건(50 ℃, pH 6.0)에서 효소의 사용량은 탈지 참깨박의 1%, 효소반응시간은 3시간이 적당하였다. 효소 처리 효율을 향상시키기 위하여 참깨박을 열처리하면, 열처리 온도가 증가할수록 추출되는 단백질 함량은 증가하였으며 110이상에서는 미미하게 증가하였다. 세포벽 분해효소(Tunicase)와 단백질 분해효소의 병용처리가 단백질 가용화에 미치는 효과를 조사한 결과, 단백질 분해효소를 처리한 다음에 세포벽 분해효소를 처리하는 것이 가장 효과적이었다. 열처리(110 ℃, 10분) 후 Protamex와 Tunicase를 순차적인 처리로 단백질 함량이 열처리와 효소처리하지 않은 대조구의 약 3.6배(9.85→35.58 mg/mL), 열처리만 실시한 대조구의 약 2.2배(15.83→35.58 mg/mL) 증가하였다.

• 한국펄프종이공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국펄프종이공학회 1999년도 Proceedings of Pre-symposium of the 10th ISWPC
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• pp.115-119
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• 1999

During mechanical pulp production and blcaching wood components, such as extractives, carbohydrates and lignin are dissolved and dispersed into the process waters. These components are called dissolved and colloidal substances(DCS). DCS can accumulate during water circulation and can in turn affect paper machine runnability and also the strength and optical properties of the paper. In this work DCS fraction origination from TMP process were treated with enzymes acting on triglycerides. glucomannans, and lignin and the effect of enzymatic treatments on the water composition as well as sheet properies were evaluated. Lipases were found to modify the chemical structure of the extractives resulting in more hydrophilic fibre surface and subsequent improvement in the sheet strength properties. Mannanase treatment, on the other hand, destabilized pitch. As a result, aggregation of pitch to the fibres was observed which in turn resulted in impaired strength properties. Laccase could effectively polymerize lignans and the reaction products seemed to be sorbed onto the fibres.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제47권6호
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• pp.5-21
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• 2015

The common production methods of nanocellulosic (cellulosic nanofibrils, CNF) materials from wood are being reviewed, together with large scale applications and particularly papermaking applications. The high energy demand for producing CNF has been one particular problem, which has been addressed over the years and can now be considered solved. Another problem was the clogging of homogenizers/microfluidizers, and the different routes to decrease the energy demand. The clogging tendency, related to the flocculation tendency of fibres is discussed in some detail. The most common methods to decrease the energy demand are TEMPO-oxidation, carboxymethylation and mechanical/enzymatic pre-treatments in the order of increased energy demand for delamination. The rheology characteristics of CNF materials, i.e. the high shear viscosity, shear thinning and the thixotropic properties are being illuminated. CNF materials are strength adjuvants that enhance the relative bonded area in paper sheets and, hence increase the sheet density and give an increased strength of the paper, particularly for chemical pulps. At the same time papers obtain a lower light scattering, higher hygroexpansion and decreased air permeability, similar to the effects of beating pulps. The negative effects on drainage by CNF materials must be alleviated through the appropriate use of microparticulate drainage aids. The use of CNF in films and coatings is interesting because CNF films and coatings can provide paper/board with good oxygen barrier properties, particularly at low relative humidities. Some other high volume applications such as concrete, oil recovery applications, automotive body applications and plastic packaging are also briefly discussed.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제37권4호통권112호
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• pp.18-25
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• 2005

The mechanical strength is the prime requisite for linerboard and corrugating mediums. Repeatedly recycled OCC fibers show less suitable property for papermaking mostly due to hornification and reduced fiber length. To overcome these problems many researches including fractionation, enzymatic treatment, and chemical or mechanical treatments of fibers have been carried out. In this study, the effect of mechanical treatment by high consistency pulping on the characteristics of recycled fibers as well as mechanical properties of sheets were investigated. Results on the strength properties of handsheets made of recycled fibers that were treated to same freeness level by beating and high consistency pulping, respectively, showed that beating treatment was more efficient in improving strength. Drainage and recycling potential of the fibers treated by high consistency pulping, however, were expected to be superior to beating because fines content and fiber length didn't change significantly.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제49권3호
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• pp.299-302
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• 2011

During experimental Eimeria infections in chickens, facilities are often contaminated by fecal oocysts known to be highly resistant to both chemical and enzymatic treatments. Thus, studies using experimental Eimeria infections have been limited due to the difficulty of complete elimination of residual oocysts from both cages and facilities. To overcome this limitation, simple, inexpensive, and disposable cages were constructed from cardboard boxes and tested during experimental Eimeria maxima infections. The cages were used in animal rooms with only a 1.7% evidence of coccidia contamination between adjacent cages. No significant differences in fecal oocyst output and body weight gain were noted between animals housed in disposable cages and animals housed in wire control cages. This cage design is a useful means for preventing oocyst contamination during experimental conditions, suggesting that this disposable cage design could be used for other avian infectious disease studies.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.331-335
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• 2004

갈변과 미생물 증식으로 인해 저하되는 양상추의 품질을 향상시키기 위해 양상추를 최소처리하여 이들 품질저하요인을 제어하고자 하였다. 갈변억제방법으로는 다양한 침지수에 따른 화학적인 방법을 사용하였고, 미생물 증식억제방법으로는 염소처리법과 전기분해수 그리고 유기산 처리에 의한 방법을 사용하였다. 그 결과 양상추의 갈변은 색도에 있어서 ascorbic acid 1$\%$와 citric acid 1$\%$ 혼합침지수로 처리하였을 때 초기 L 값이 5$\%$ 수준에서 유의적으로 가장 높았고,a 값은 5$\%$ 수준에서 유의적으로 가장 낮게 나타나 갈변억제효과를 보였다. 갈변의 지표라 할 수 있는 PPO 활성에 있어서도 ascorbic acid 1%와 citric acid 1% 혼합침지수로 처리하였을 때 양상추의 PPO 활성이 대조구에 비해 1.5배 감소되었다. 미생물증식은 염소처리의 경우 차염소산 나트륨을200 ppm 농도로 처리한 침지수가 3 log cycle 감소시켰고, 전기분해수의 경우 무격막 처리수가 미생물 증식을 2 log cycle 억제하여 미생물 증식억제에 효과적임을 알 수 있었다 또한 갈변억제에 효과적인 ascorbic acid와 citric acid 처리수로 침지하였을 때 저장 2일째 까지는 미생물 증식이 없었으나 저장 4일째 대조구는 7 log cycle 인데 비해 처리구는 3 log cycle 로 나타나 강력하게 미생물 증식을 억제하는 것임을 알 수 있었다. 이상의 연구결과로 볼 때 양상추의 갈변과 미생물 증식에 있어서 ascorbic acid와 citric acid로 최소 가공하는 것이 가장 바람직하다고 생각된다.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.285-290
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• 1987

사과의 건조, 가공 중의 갈변을 방지하기 위한 기초 조사로서 후지 사과로부터 추출한 crude peroxidase의 열불활성화와 갈변 저해제의 저해 효과 등을 조사하였다. Peroxidase의 최적 pH와 온도는 p-phenylenediamine과 $H_2O_2$를 기질로 하였을 때 각각 5.5와 $35^{\circ}C$이었고, 열불활성화 반응은 biphasic으로 heat labile fraction의 $E_a$와 Z값은 각각 48.2kcal/mol 과 $11.2^{\circ}C$, heat resistant fraction의 $E_a$와 Z값은 각각 36.3kcal/mol과 $14.9^{\circ}C$이었다. Peroxidase에 의한 갈변은 sodium diethyldithiocarbamate와 potassium metabisulfite는 10mM에서, L-cysteine과 ascorbic acid는 1mM에서 현저하게 저해되었다.