• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.128-136
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• 2016

BACKGROUND: Hydrothermal carbonization reaction is the thermo-chemical energy conversion technology for producing the solid fuel of high carbon density from organic wastes. The hydrothermal carbonization reaction is accompanied by the thermal hydrolysis reaction which converse particulate organic matters to soluble forms (hydro-thermal hydrolysate). Recently, hydrothermal carbonization is adopted as a pre-treatment technology to improve anaerobic digestion efficiency. This research was carried out to assess the effects of hydro-thermal reaction temperature on the methane potential and anaerobic biodegradability in the thermal hydrolysate of organic sludge generating from the wastewater treatment plant of poultry slaughterhouse .METHODS AND RESULTS: Wastewater treatment sludge cake of poultry slaughterhouse was treated in the different hydro-thermal reaction temperature of 170, 180, 190, 200, and 220℃. Theoretical and experimental methane potential for each hydro-thermal hydrolysate were measured. Then, the organic substance fractions of hydro-thermal hydrolysate were characterized by the optimization of the parallel first order kinetics model. The increase of hydro-thermal reaction temperature from 170℃ to 220℃ caused the enhancement of hydrolysis efficiency. And the methane potential showed the maximum value of 0.381 Nm³ kg^-1-VS_added in the hydro-thermal reaction temperature of 190℃. Biodegradable volatile solid(VSB) content have accounted for 66.41% in 170℃, 72.70% in 180℃, 79.78% in 190℃, 67.05% in 200℃, and 70.31% in 220℃, respectively. The persistent VS content increased with hydro-thermal reaction temperature, which occupied 0.18% for 170℃, 2.96% for 180℃, 6.32% for 190℃, 17.52% for 200℃, and 20.55% for 220℃.CONCLUSION: Biodegradable volatile solid showed the highest amount in the hydro-thermal reaction temperature of 190℃, and then, the optimum hydro-thermal reaction temperature for organic sludge was assessed as 190℃ in the aspect of the methane production. The rise of hydro-thermal reaction temperature caused increase of persistent organic matter content.

• 한국양식학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국양식학회 2004년도 수산관련학회 공동학술대회 발표요지집
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• pp.169-171
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• 2004

Interannual and decadal scale body size of Pacific saury, catch and catch per unit effort were examined to investigate the environmental effects on the stock structure and abundance in the Tsushima Warm Current region. Interannual changes in thermal conditions are responsible for the different occurrence (catch) rates of sized group of the fish. Changes in body size due to environmental variables lead the stock to be homogeneous during the period of high abundance, while one of the reminder cohorts supports the stock during the period of low level of abundance. Migration circuits of two cohorts of saury stock are hypothesized on the basis of short life span and spatio-temporal changes in stock structure in normal environmental conditions. Changes in upper ocean structure and production cycles by the decadal scale climate changes lead changes in stock structure and recruitment, resulting in the fluctuation of saury abundance. Hypothesized mechanism of the effects of climate changes on the stock structure and abundance is illustrated on the basis of changes in thermal regime and production cycle.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.17-24
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• 2018

심층 처분시설에서 완충재는 지하수의 유입을 최소화하며, 역학적인 충격을 흡수하는 중요한 역할을 한다. 사용후 핵연료로부터 발생하는 붕괴열은 완충재의 온도를 변화시켜 역학적 성능에 큰 영향을 미치기 때문에 완충재 온도변화에 대한 정확한 예측이 필요하다. 이러한 온도 변화는 완충재의 열물성인 열전도도, 밀도, 비열에 영향을 받으며, 이에 대한 영향이 심층 처분시설의 열 해석에 고려되어야 한다. 특히 이들 열물성은 벤토나이트 완충재의 밀도와 함수비에 따라 변화하기 때문에 이에 대한 영향이 해석에 포함되어야한다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 완충재의 밀도와 함수비 변화 영향을 고려할 수 있는 유한요소법 기반의 열 해석 수치모델을 설정하였다. 또한 수치모델을 바탕으로 매개 변수 연구를 수행하여 각각의 열물성이 완충재의 온도 변화에 미치는 영향에 대해 살펴보았다.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제30권5A호
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• pp.417-424
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• 2010

격리장치로서 적층고무받침의 동적 특성은 고무 열 노화로 인한 미세 구조의 변화로 인해 악화 될 수 있다. 그 결과, 예기치 못한 지진의 발생으로 교량이나 건물들은 치명적이 손상을 입게 된다. 여기서, 적층 고무받침의 동적특성은 압축-전단하중 및 반복하중, 극한파괴시험은 열 노화 전 후에 시험하여 상호 비교하였다. 실험 결과, 적층고무받침에서의 열 노화 현상은 전단강성과 에너지의 감쇠 그리고 등가감소계수에 영향이 있음을 알 수 있었다. 이것은 적층고무받침의 열 노화에 의한 동적특성의 저하를 의미하고, 적층고무받침 설계시 고려해야할 필요가 있다고 판단된다.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.103-109
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• 2011

This work experimentally determined the effect of thermal and microwave pretreatments on the anaerobic digestion of mixtures of municipal primary and secondary sludges in semi-continuous mesophilic digesters at hydraulic retention times (HRT) of 20, 15, 10, 7, and 5 days. The ratio of soluble chemical oxygen demand (COD) to total COD in thermally pretreated and microwaved sludges at $80^{\circ}C$ was 2.7 and 3.2 times higher than that of raw sludge, respectively. The volatile solids (VS) and COD removal efficiencies in all three digesters fed with raw (control), thermally pretreated (TM), and microwaved (MW) sludges decreased as the HRT was reduced. The highest relative improvement in VS removal compared to the control occurred at the HRT of 5 days in the TM and MW (29 and 41% higher than the control, respectively). At this HRT, improvement in the COD removal efficiencies in the TM and MW compared to the control was 28 and 53%, respectively. Improvements in biogas production compared with the control increased in both the TM and MW as the HRT was reduced to 5 days. The relative improvement in daily biogas production compared to the control from the TM and MW was 33 and 53% higher than the control at the HRT of 5 days, respectively. The results show that microwave pretreatment is more effective than thermal pretreatment in increasing the solubilization degree and mesophilic anaerobic biodegradability of sewage sludge.

• 한국환경과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국환경과학회 1997년도 정기총회 및 봄 학술발표회 초록집
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• pp.3-5
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• 1997

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제16권11호
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• pp.1684-1689
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• 2006

Airborne microorganisms, which are currently termed bioaerosols, have received attention owing to the harmful effects they have on human health. As the concern over airborne microorganisms grows, there also grows an urgent need to study and develop efficient methods for controlling them. In this study, thermal energy using a thermal tube was tested as a control method, mainly against airborne E. coli. For a comparison, B. subtilis var. niger spores were utilized in the experimentation. It was found that the widely known inactivation conditions for microorganisms were not adequate against airborne microorganisms. The experimental results demonstrated the need for extensive studies that should investigate adequate and economic conditions to control against airborne bacteria. In this study, thermal energy exposed by the thermal tube demonstrated an inactivation performance for controlling E. coli bioaerosols.

• Structural Monitoring and Maintenance
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.129-144
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• 2016

We present a methodology to validate with monitoring data finite element models of existing concrete dams: numerical analyses are performed to assess the structural response under the effects of seasonal loading conditions, represented by hydrostatic pressure on the upstream-downstream dam surfaces and thermal variations as recorded by a thermometers network. We show that the stiffness effect of the rock foundation and the surface degradation of concrete due to aging are crucial aspects to be accounted for a correct interpretation of the real behavior. This work summarizes some general procedures developed by this research group at Politecnico di Milano on traditional static monitoring systems and two significant case studies: a buttress gravity and an arch-gravity dam.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.781-785
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• 2012

This study was carried out to treat the thermal elutriated acids of piggery wastewater using UASB process. The UASB reactor was operated at an organic loading rate (OLR) of $7.4\;kgCOD/m^3-day$ (6.5 ~ 9.0). During the start-up period, the low COD removal efficiency (20%) was caused by shock loading and instability in the reactor. It was mainly due to the high concentration amounts of ammonia nitrogen, which caused inhibitory and toxic effects to toward the anaerobic bacteria. In steady state, the UASB reactor showed a SCOD removal efficiency of 71% and a VS removal efficiency of 39%. The gas production and methane content were 1.3 L/day $(0.21\;m^3\;CH^4/kg$ COD removed) and 77%, respectively.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.151-157
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• 2009

This paper reports the resistance change of conductive carbon nanotube (CNT) thin-films according to the temperature variation. Resistance of conductive CNT thin-films intrinsically has good thermal sensitivity, but shows environmental dependency. In order to reduce environmental effects, we spin-coated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) on the conductive CNT thin-films. We observed that conductive CNT thin-films with a PDMS encapsulation layer showed little environmental dependency, but more linear and stable temperature dependencies. If proper encapsulation is provided, conductive CNT thin-films can be used for temperature sensor applications.