• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2015.10a
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• pp.734-736
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to investigate the environmental regulations in chemical substances for international trades. The recently increasing awareness of environmental protection is gaining its momentum in trade. With the rapid scientific advancements and its social changes, we have faced a number of urgent issues in environment. As the regulation of chemicals have been reinforced, many countries are in situation of having to respond to environmental regulation. The environmental regulation affect many companies within the supply chain because of regulating the whole the process of products, particularly IT industries.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.29-33
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• 2006

We have established three immortal bovine muscular epithelial (BME) cell lines, one spontaneously immortalized (BMES), the second SV40LT-mediated (BMEV) and the third hTERT-mediated (BMET). The morphology of the three immortal cell lines was similar to that of early passage primary BME cells. Each of the immortal cell lines made cytokeratin, a typical epithelial marker. BMET grew faster than the other immortal lines and the BME cells, in 10% FBS-DMEM medium, whereas neither the primary cells nor the three immortal cell lines grew in 0.5% FBS-DMEM. The primary BME cells and the immortal cell lines, with the exception of BMES, made increasing amounts of p53 protein when treated with doxorubicin, a DNA damaging agent. On the other hand, almost half of the cells in populations of the three immortal cell lines may lack $p16^{INK4a}$ regulatory function, compared to primary BME cells that were growth arrested by enforced expression of $p16^{INK4a}$. In soft-agar assays, the primary cells and immortal cell lines proved to be less transformed in phenotype than HeLa cells. The three immortal epithelial-type cell lines reported here are the first cell lines established from muscle tissue of bovine or other species.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.345-375
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• 2002

The purpose of this paper is to measure the change of the production efficiency which may happen when environmental regulation incurs technological constraint in the process of production, and to compute the opportunity cost of pollution reduction with the lost products based on the change of efficiency. The patterns of production technoloy in the paper are divided into the technologies of strong disposability and weak disposabilty to grasp the effect of the technological constraint due to the environmental regulation. The endowment of the technolgical constraints in the process of production is considered to bring the greatest restriction on firm's production. When the environmental efficiencies of Korean regional manufactures were measured with linear programming model, the lost products related with the constraint of production technology that environmental regulation incurred, was average 148.1 billion dollar per year(5.87% of one year overall products) for total manufactures in 1991~1998. The ratio of the lost products for total products was spread from 0.78% to 1l.08%. The average lost products of 15 regions were changed from 4.66% to 18.35% of total products. Generally the environmental efficiency index of regional manufactures being decreased continuously since 1991, it is estimated that the environmental performance of Korean manufactures has been more and more deteriorating.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.75-103
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• 2009

The hypothesis suggested by Porter and van der Linde claims that innovating firms operate in a dynamic competitive situation which allows global diffusion of environmental-friendly technologies. Therefore, countries that are subjects to more stringent environmental regulations may become net exporters of environmental technologies. In the context of Porter hypothesis, this study investigates the impact of importing countries' environmental regulation on Korea and Japan's export flows of technologies for renewable energies and energy efficiency by estimating the gravity equation. The estimation result shows that : (1) our results are consistent with the Porter hypothesis where environmental regulation represents a significant source of comparative advantages, (2) Korea's export flows of technologies for renewable energies and energy efficiency with respect to the importing countries' environmental regulation are more sensitive than Japan's, and (3) the adverse relationship between export flows and importers' environmental stringency in developing countries does not hold in the renewable energies and energy efficiency related sector.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.77-82
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• 2012

The leakage of toxic chemicals impact seriously on human being and environment, therefore during their treatment process, a proper management system is necessary to control their toxic effect. This study was designed to suggest the management regulation that supports business managers and facilities management. There are no extra regulation to control emergency accidents and terrors in chemical facilities. Developed countries like USA operate the management standards to control the toxic chemical and facilities according to their toxicity and processes. In order to solve this problem, we have analysed the advanced nations standard methods of security in chemical plants to study the new security management regulation which helps to prevent the chemical accidents. Especially, in USA, CCPS (Center for Chemical Process Safety), SVA (Security Vulnerability Assessment) and RBPSs (Risk-Based Performance Standards) of DHS (Department of Homeland Security) were invest I gated. On the basis of the results, we have suggested the application methods of the security and safety regulation in Korea.

• Proceedings of KOSOMES biannual meeting
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• 2017.11a
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• pp.27-27
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• 2017

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.305-317
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• 2001

Effects on increased noise influenced residents on the urban areas as well as the rural areas because of rapidly increasing traffic volume and newly-constructed road. The object of this study is to better establish environmental policy for the year 2000s through analyzing current environment administration system in the field of noise and vibration. Noise and vibration administration system in Korea is composed of various standards in areas of noise environment, traffic noise regulation, living noise regulation, factory noise and vibration regulation, and aircraft noise regulation. Furthermore, there exists environment noise and vibration monitoring networking system. This study is to improve noise and vibration administration system through analyzing present condition and problems. This study suggests improved noise and vibration administration system by achieving four steps ; 1) goal establishment in noise and vibration administration system; 2) development of reduction mitigation method; 3) estimation of reduction mitigation method; 4) establishment of enforcement method. Proposed "Noise and Vibration Policy Committee" should be established to harmonize noise and vibration policy on scientific basis for the $21^{st}$ century.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.14
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• pp.349-370
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• 2000

The environmental problems such as global climate change, global waming, ozone depletion, environmental pollution have been caused by the rapid economic growth, increasing in use of fossil fuels for industrialization and scientific technology development. Especially human activities are significantly altering the atomosphere's composition and its radiative properties. To Stabilize greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system, the international community adopted the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change in 1992 and Kyoto protocol in 1997. Also to protect ozone layer the international community adopted the Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer in 1985, and the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer in 1987. To achieve global environmental objectives, some multilateral environmental agreements includes trade regulation. For example, Montreal Protocol includes the provisions to regulate the world trade of the sudstances which might destroy ozone layer. However Kyoto Protocol has no provisions to regulate trade and is not in force yet. Although there is no trade regulation article in Kyoto Protocol, the international world trade will be influenced by limitation and reduction of CO2 and strengthening the CO2 emission standard for import good. For example Korean car industy agreed with EU to reduce CO2 emission from new passenger car and Korean Semiconductor industry agreed with WSC(World Semiconductor Council) to reduce PFCs in 1999.

• Korean Management Science Review
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.11-28
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• 2016

This study empirically investigated the relationships among external factors (i.e., the imitation, compulsory and normative pressures, and governmental regulation), proactive environmental strategy, the adoption of green-supply chain management (GSCM) techniques, green corporation with suppliers, environmental performance, and organizational performance. To empirically demonstrate the relationships, 78 sample firms' data were collected from Korean manufacturing firms that are listed on the Korean stock market. The results of this study showed that a proactive environmental strategy mainly and positively influences the adoption of GSCM, and the introduction of a proactive environmental strategy is significantly and positively affected by governmental regulation. It was also found that governmental regulation has an indirect impact on the adoption of GSCM through the introduction of a proactive environmental strategy. Thus, it is asserted that governmental regulation, in Korean manufacturing firms, is the unique external factor on the adoption of a proactive environmental strategy, which facilitates the use of GSCM techniques. According to the results, it was observed that GSCM positively influences the levels of green corporation, and both GSCM and green corporation have positive effects on the improvement of environmental performance. Hence, it is suggested that the implementation of GSCM inevitably brings high degrees of green collaboration with suppliers. Finally, it was found that environmental performance has a significant and positive impact on the organizational performance of a firm. This result implies that high degrees of environmental performance, which bring both the efficient usage of materials and energy and the elimination of wastes, can lead to the increase of organizational performance.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.31-40
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• 1992

As the environmental concerns in Korea have shifted gradually from the environmental pollutions to the quality of life (QOL) enhancement, it has become increasingly important to implement comprehensive assessment of environmental quality as possible. This is the major reason to develop Environmental Assessment Index. This study focuses on indices development of factors in Environmental Impact Statement Preparation Regulation. Environment in this regulation is composed of natural environment, life environment and socio-economic environment, and it is composed of 22 factors. EAI(Environmental Assessment Index)studied in this research is integrated by 16 factors. It will contribute to public participation in Environmental Impact Assessment process and environmental policy.