• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.139-151
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to understand distributional characteristics in the atmospheric concentrations of $O_3$ and its precursors based on data taken at the southern Korean coast. The average $O_3$ concentration in the high altitude was found to range from 32.3 to 90.8 ppb with a maximum concentration of 132 ppb. The ambient $O_3$ concentration was high at altitudes of 1000 m and 500 m above the southern sea near Gwangyang Bay and an industrial area containing emission sources. The daily mean concentrations of $NO_y$ and CO were 6.7-24.2 ppb and 0.152-0.487 ppm, respectively. During the aerial measurement period, the highest mean concentration of $O_3$ was observed on June 1. The aerial measurement results showed that the maximum ozone concentration was observed to be 132 ppb in the high altitude the southernmost part of Yeosu. The measurement of vertical wind fields in the air indicated that $O_3$ formed in the southernmost part of Yeosu was transported by strong southwesterly winds to the northeast of Gwangyang Bay. This led to a ground $O_3$ concentration of over 100 ppb in Jinju, the northeastern part of Gwangyang Bay. On August 9, when the maximum $O_3$ concentration was 50 ppb, the measurement results showed that $O_3$ concentrations were relatively low compared to other days. In particular, low $NO_2$ and TVOC concentrations were observed, both of which serve to form $O_3$ in photochemical reactions.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.117-125
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• 1992

TWINSPAN(two-way indicator species analysis), DCCA(detrended canonical correspondence analysis) and polar ordination method wee used so as to analyze the the relation between forest vegetation and hibitat of mudungsan(1, 187m) located in kwangju area. Vegetationsurvey consulted 1:25, 000 topographical map, set up 41 quadrats and analyzed from April, 1990 to August, 1991. Forest vegetation of mudungsan was classifild to quercus acutissima community, fraxinus mandshurica community, quercus mongolica community, quercus serrata community, quercus dentata community, quercus variabilis community, and pinus densiflora community by TWINSPANmethod, and this almost coincide with the result of plar ordination. according to DCCA analysis, P. densiflora community was formed in xeric and low altitude region which soil nutrient was poor, compared with other communities. q. variabilis and q. acutissima community wee distributed in the region that low altitude and organic matter content was comparatively low, but q. acutissima community was formed in a damp region while q. variabilis community in a xeric region. q. mongolica and f. mandshurica formed the communities in a high altitude region, especially f. mandshurica cmmunity was distributed in a high humidity region. According to polar ordination analysis, the forest vegetation was classified to 7 communities by means of environmental gradient such as humidity, organic matter, ph, temperature, c.e.c and P2O5.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.68-79
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• 2014

There are marked differences in climate condition between east-facing slopes and west-facing slopes in Mt. Seorak (1,708 m). This study was conducted to find out the differences of benthic macroinvertebrate communities between both slopes of Mt. Seorak. Quantitative (Surber net; $30cm{\times}30cm$, mesh: 1mm) and qualitative (Hand net; mesh: 1mm) samplings ware carried out seasonally in each site which had 100-meter-high difference from November 2010 to November 2011. Most of the survey sites showed sound environmental conditions because they were located in the protection area of the national park. The benthic macroinvertebrates collected from all survey sites were composed of 158 species, 62 families, 17 orders, 7 classes and 5 phyla. DCA (Detrended Correspondence Analysis) ordination based on the abundance of benthic mactoinvertebrates showed that altitude was a major factor governing the structure of benthic macroinvertebrate community. There was no significant difference of the communities between both slopes.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.114-126
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to develop a Korean thermality index (KTI) based on the distribution patterns of benthic macroinvertebrates according to altitude and latitude. Analyzing seasonal data (4,853 sampling units) surveyed and collected during 2007 ~ 2011 at 846 sites in South Korea, we estimated thermal valency, thermal value and indicator weight value of 208 species. Among them, 40 species in 6 orders (Decapoda 1 species, Collembola 1 species, Ephemeroptera 5 species, Plecoptera 17 species, Diptera 3 species, Trichoptera 13 species) were selected as the candidate indicator species sensitive and vulnerable to warmth along with climate change. KTI and Benthic macroinvertebrate index (BMI) were tested at three clean streams (Hangye stream, Buk stream and Bangtae stream). KTI showed significant differences according to altitude and water temperature whereas the saprobity index BMI showed little differences. This result means that KTI can be applicable to assess the impact of water temperature independently of organic pollutants.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.61-68
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the natural habitat of Hotaria unmunsana Doi, which was first discovered at Mt. Unmun also represents a landscape indicator species for Daegu and Gyeongbuk provinces, and Luciola lateralis Motschulsky, which is the object of experiential activation at festivals in some cities in the region. The spatial range of this study is limited by Daegu City and Gyeongbuk province, and is used to predict the preference of firefly for altitude, slope, direction, shaded relief, riparian buffer zone, river environment, and farmland to analyze the area that best matches the habitat of fireflies. As a result, fireflies are highly influenced by altitude and there may be no large-scale habitats in some areas through the Nakdong and the Baekdu mountain ranges, which occur at high altitude. In most of the cities, we found major habitats around the streams and wetlands. By region, the sites were widely distributed around the cities focused on Nakdong River, and many habitats emerged around the Nakdong River tributary and gentle slopes. In order to preserve and spread the habitat of fireflies, the physical environment as well as their relationship with food chains and symbiotic organisms should be established, and excessive use of pesticides and herbicides in agricultural areas should be avoided.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.48-58
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• 2024

Reports of a global decline in pollinator populations, especially mason bees, have raised concerns regarding the maintenance of pollination interactions. Although addressing local factors causing bee decline is a potential mitigation strategy at the landscape scale, regional rates and high-latitude threats to bee diversity are unclear. We investigated the distribution of mason bees (Osmia. spp. (O. pedicornis, O. corniforns, O. taurus, and O. satoi) and measured species richness and species ratios at regional, latitudinal, and altitudinal scales. We examined the association between bee species richness and three putative environmental conditions: high-low, altitude-dependent, and latitude-dependent. The species richness of the O. pedicornis bee was the highest and it was found between latitudes 35° and 37°, and at 500-600 m in both the northern and southern hemispheres, showing an inverse latitudinal gradient of bee species richness in South Korea. Mason bee species richness and global climate are important predictors of flowering plant diversity. Climate change threatens bee and vascular plant diversity; however, the overlap between bee abundance and plant diversity can be improved by employing suitable conservation strategies.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.111-117
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• 2024

An evaluation was carried out on variability in morphology of fruits and seeds (number and weight) of Tetrapleura tetraptera (Schumach. and Thonn.) Taub. from different populations across its distribution range in Nigeria. Bulk fruit samples were collected and examined for variations in morphological characters. Differences in morphological character of fruits and seeds among the populations were determined using analysis of variance at 5% level of probability. The relationships among morphological characters were determined using Pearson correlation coefficient (r). Significant variations (p<0.05) existed among T. tetraptera populations for all the evaluated characters: fruit length, fruit width, number of seeds per fruit and seed weight. A positive significant strong correlation (r=0.96) was found between seed weight and number of seeds per fruit, while no correlation existed between fruit length, width and number of seeds. Seed weight was positively correlated with minimum altitude (r=0.97) and maximum altitude (r=0.99) of seed populations. Number of seeds was also significantly correlated with maximum altitude (r=0.965). There was no significant correlation between geo-climatic variables and fruit dimensions (length and width). Observed variations in morphological traits within and across populations of T. tetraptera may be used as proxy to estimate genetic diversity and selection of superior trees for improved productivity.

• 생태와환경
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.18-24
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• 2013

본 연구는 바다새 서식지 복원 및 식생복원을 위해 2011년 4월부터 12월까지 전라남도 신안군 칠발도와 소구굴도지역에 대한 식물군락 및 환경구배에 따른 바닷새 번식지 토양환경 요인을 분석하였다. 토양요인을 분석한 결과 칠발도는 닭의장풀군락이 수분함량, 유기물함량, 염분농도, 총질소가 높게 나타났으며, 쇠무릎 군락은 낮게 나타났다. 또한, 바닷새 서식처로 이용되는 밀사초 군락은 토양환경요인 분포범위가 넓고 유입종인 쇠무릎군락과 쑥군락은 좁게 나타났다. 소구굴도 밀사초군락 토양pH는 3.14로 가장 낮았고, 갯기름나물군락은 3.84 가장 높게 나타났다. 수분함량과 유기물함량은 갯기름나물군락에서 가장 높게 나타났으며, 쇠무릎군락이 35.9%로 가장 낮게 분석되었다. 염분농도와 총질소는 밀사초군락이 가장 높게 나타났다. 고도에 따른 토양환경특성에서는 칠발도의 경우 고도가 높아질수록 수분함량, 유기물함량, 염분농도 및 총질소가 낮아지는 유의성을 보였다. 소구굴도 토양수분함량은 평균 35.73%, 유기물함량 16.38%, pH 3.34로 전체적으로 산성토양이었다. 토양산성화는 조류분비물에 의해 영향을 받았을 것으로 판단된다. 염분농도는 평균 2.11 ppt, 총질소는 평균 $6.43mg\;g^{-1}$로 분석되었다. 소구굴도는 섬면적이 좁고, 고도가 낮아 전체적으로 토양환경요인의 분석결과는 크게 차이가 나타나지 않았으나, 수분함량은 환경구배에 대해 고도에 의한 유의성을 보였다.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.249-258
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• 2010

일반적으로 일정한 고도에서 계산된 지구자기 (또는 중력) 이상값을 다른 고도에서의 이상값으로 변환하기 위해서 푸리에 변환 (Fourier transform)을 이용하여 연속(continuation)을 실행한다. 하지만 두 연속면 사의의 수직 거리가 크거나, 특히 하향(downward)연속일 경우에 이러한 방법을 이용하면 수학적으로 불안전하여 현실적인 값을 갖기 어렵거나 실제적인 이상값과는 상이한 값을 갖는 경우가 대부분이다. 이를 보완하기 위해 두 개의 서로 다른 고도에서 얻은 독립적인 이상값을 이용하여 두 고도사이에서의 값을 비교적 정확히 예측할 수 있는 상호연속 (dual continuation) 모델을 제시하고자 한다. 이를 통해 지구물리, 지질학적 해석이 가능해지고, 지상자료만을 이용한 해석에서 올 수 있는 오류를, 다른 고도에서의 독립적으로 획득한 포텐셜필드 위성자료를 함께 사용함으로써 줄일 수 있다.

• 대기
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.51-66
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• 2015

This study was conducted to perform various sensitivity experiments using WRF (Weather Research and Forecasting) model in order to determine the effects of terrains of the Korean Peninsula and the land-sea thermal contrast on the formation and development of the convergent cloud band for the cases of 1 February 2012. The sensitivity experiments consist of the following five ones: CNTL experiment (control experiment), and TMBT experiment, BDMT experiment and ALL experiment that set the terrain altitude of Taeback Mountains and Northern mountain complex as zero, respectively, and the altitude of the above-mentioned two mountains as zero, and LANDSEA experiment that set to change the Korean Peninsula into sea in order to find out the land-sea thermal contrast effect. These experiment results showed that a cold air current stemming from the Siberian high pressure met the group of northern mountains with high topography altitude and was separated into two air currents. These two separated air currents met each other again on the Middle and Northern East Sea, downstream of the group of northern mountains and converged finally, creating the convergent cloud band. And these experiments suggested that the convergent cloud band located on the Middle and Northern East Sea, and the cloud band lying on the southern East sea to the coastal waters of the Japanese Island facing the East Sea, were generated and developed by different dynamical mechanisms. Also it was found that the topography of Taeback Mountains created a warm air advection region due to temperature rise by adiabatic compression near the coastal waters of Yeongdong Region, downstream of the mountains. In conclusion, these experiment results clearly showed that the most essential factor having an effect on the generation and development of the convergent cloud band was the topography effect of the northern mountain complex, and that the land-sea thermal contrast effect was insignificant.