• Macromolecular Research
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• 제17권12호
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• pp.956-962
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• 2009

We investigated the effect of two nonlamellar-prone lipids, phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and dioleoylglycerol (DOG), on the efficiency of protein encapsulation in liposomes. When the phosphatidylcholine (PC) matrix was replaced with PE or DOG during liposome formulation, the amounts of glutathione S-transferase and bovine serum albumin entrapped in the vesicles increased with increasing PE or DOG concentration. The presence of PE and DOG synergistically affected protein entrapment. These results suggest that protein encapsulation can be enhanced by the presence of nonlamellar lipids and/or lipid-induced membrane properties.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.5-10
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• 2007

Ultrasonication was employed to prepare solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) for smart probiotic nanoparticles as a nanofood. The model probiotic material, lactocin from Lactobacillus plantarum (CBT-LP2), was incorporated into SLN. The CBT-LP2 loaded SLN (CBT-LP2-SLN) were spherical in the photograph of scanning electron microscope (SEM). The particle size measured by laser diffraction (LD) was found to be $97.3{\pm}8.2nm$. Zeta potential analyzer suggested the zeta potential of LP-SLN was $-29.36{\pm}3.68$ mV in distilled water. The entrapment efficiency (EE%) was determined with the sephadex gel chromatogram and high-performance liquid chromatogram (HPLC), and up to 90.59% of nanofood was incorporated. Stability evaluation showed relatively long-term stability with only slight particle growth (P>0.05) after storage at room temperature for 4 weeks. Therefore, ultrasonication is demonstrated to be a simple, available and effective method to prepare high quality SLN loaded probiotic material.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.956-960
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• 2011

The objective of this investigation was to develop nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) of tacrolimus by the hot homogenization technique by sonication. NLCs are commonly prepared by emulsification and lyophilization. The feasibility of fabricating tacrolimus-loaded NLCs was successfully demonstrated in this study. The developed NLCs were characterized in terms of their particle size, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency (EE) of tacrolimus, and morphology. Studies were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the NLCs in improving the penetration rate through hairless mouse skin. Tacrolimus-loaded NLCs were found to have an average size of $123.4{\pm}0.3\;nm$, a zeta potential of $-24.3{\pm}6.2\;mV$, and an EE of 50%. In vitro penetration tests revealed that the tacrolimus-loaded NLCs have a penetration rate that is 1.64 times that of the commercial tacrolimus ointment, Protopic$^{(R)}$.

• Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry
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• 제67권
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• pp.326-332
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• 2018

In this study,the result shows that polyvinyl alcohol-sodium alginate (PVA-SA) gel bead crosslinked with sodium sulfate are better among the different methods by comparing the relative mechanical strength, mechanical strength swelling and expansion coefficient of beads in water. Subsequently, anammox biomass entrapment by PVA-SA gel was introduced into continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR). After 24 operation days, the nitrogen removal efficiency achieved 60%, while the nitrogen loading rate (NLR) was $0.14kgN/m^3/d$ and the experiment data indicated that PVA-SA gel bead crosslinked with sodium sulfate can be used to initiate anammox process. Furthermore, it is an alternative for culturing anammox in a long-term operation.

• 공업화학
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.132-137
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• 2013

포스파티딜콜린이 다량 함유된 수첨레시틴을 이용한 실험에서 액정구조가 잘 형성됨을 알 수 있었다. 액정구조를 형성하는 물질로는 포스포리피드, 에탄올, 물로 이루어짐을 알 수 있었고 로즈마린산을 지표물질로 캡슐화하였다. 액정의 평균입자크기는 480 nm ~ $3{\mu}m$로 이는 액의 구성물질과 물리적인 힘에 따라 다양한 크기의 형태로 존재하였다. 리포좀과 비교했을 때 액정구조는 매우 높은 캡슐화 효율을 보였다. 수첨레시틴의 함량이 증가하면 많은 액정을 형성하였고, 수첨레시틴의 함량이 적으면 액정의 양도 적게 나타났다. 로즈마린산을 함유한 액정구조의 방출실험결과 리포좀으로 형성된 베지클보다 훨씬 적은 양이 방출됨을 알 수 있었다.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.43-47
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• 2001

Sterically stabilized liposomes (SSL) have been introduced for longer circulation in blood than conventional liposomes (CL). However, there are a couple of problems in SSL preparation due to the instability of phospholipid and the degradation of drug in aqueous conditions. To solve these problems, it is necessary to go through lyophilization process. Therefore, in this study, effects of lyophilization on SSL were evaluated for physical characteristics changes upon rehydration of lyophilized SSL such as the particle size, efficiency of drug entrapment, turbidity and drug release. SSL containing streptozocin, a water-soluble anticancer drug as a model compound, were prepared with DSPC and DSPE-PEG 2000. The size was controlled to 100 nm by extrusion with polycarbonate membrane, and sucrose was used as a cryoprotectant for lyophilization at the 1:3 (lipid:sucrose) ratio. Upon rehydration of lyophilized SSL, the average size was in the range of $50{\sim}200\;nm$ which is adequate for longer circulation in blood, and the encapsulation efficiency was kept as its initial state. Rehydrated SSL were not adsorbed to rat plasma protein and revealed a similar drug release profile to that of fresh SSL before lyophilization. Therefore, lyophilization could be introduced efficiently to overcome aqueous instability problems of SSL.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.137-141
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• 2002

Anabaena variabilis ATCC 29413 grew in chromium (Cr) containing Chu-10 (basal) and nitrate-supplemented media, and the growth of the organism in $100{\mu}M$ chromium was found to be 50% of that in control medium. The growth in nitrate $({NO_3}^-)$ supplemented cultures was better as compared to cultures grown in basal medium. Free cells from basal and nitrate-supplemented media removed 5.2 and 7.4 nmol of chromium $mg^{-1}$protein in 8 h, respectively, from the medium containing $30{\mu}M$ chromium. The efficiency of chromium removal increased 7-fold in imidazole buffer (0.2 M, pH 7.0). A cell density equivalent to $100{\mu}g$ protein $ml^{-1}$ was found to be optimum for maximum Cr removal. Entrapment of cells in calcium-alginate beads did not affect the rate of Cr uptake by the cells. The efficiency of the laboratory-scale continuous flow bioreactor $(12.5{\times}2cm)$ loaded with alginate-immobilized cells (10 mg protein) and fed with $30{\mu}M$ chromium solution was compared at different flow rates. The efficiency of the bioreactor varied with flow rates. In terms of percent removal of Cr from influent, a flow rate of 0.1 ml $min^{-1}$ was found to be optimum for 6 h (54% Cr removal efficiency). Maximum amount of Cr (883 nmol) was removed by the cells in 3 h at a flow rate of 0.5 ml $min^{-1}$. The potential use of A. variabilis in removing Cr from industrial effluents is discussed.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.452-459
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• 2008

본 연구에서는 뛰어난 항암효과를 가지고 있지만 매우 짧은 반감기로 인한 많은 투약 빈도수와 이로 인한 부작용을 나타내는 5-FU의 부작용을 줄이고 투약의 편의성을 증대시키고자 생분해성 고분자인 L-PLA에 약물이 봉입된 미세입자를 제조하였다. 제조 방법으로는 기존의 미립자 약물전달체 제조 공정의 문제점을 상당 부분 개선시킬 수 있는 대체 공정으로 주목받고 있는 초임계 ASES 공정을 사용하였다. 고분자의 분자량 및 분자량이 다른 동일한 고분자와의 블렌딩, 용매, 약물 투입량 등의 변수가 미세입자의 형성과 약물의 회수율, 봉입효율 및 방출에 미치는 영향을 고찰하여 초임계 유체 공정의 적용 가능성 여부를 조사하였다. 5-FU와 L-PLA의 용매로 각각 MeOH와 DCM을 사용한 경우 가장 좋은 결과가 얻어졌으며, L-PLA의 분자량이 큰 경우 구형의 입자가 생성되었으며 입자의 크기도 작은 결과가 나타났다. 모든 실험에서 약물의 봉입효율이 매우 낮게 나타났는데 이는 5-FU와 L-PLA의 매우 낮은 친화도에 기인하는 것으로 판단된다. 약물과 고분자 간의 재결정화 속도의 차이를 얼마나 줄일 수 있는가가 약물 봉입효율에 가장 큰 영향을 미칠 것으로 판단되며, 약물의 봉입효율을 향상시키기 위해서는 향후 초임계 공정의 공정변수에 대한 좀 더 자세한 연구와 약물과 고분자간의 친화력을 높여 일 수 있는 첨가제에 대한 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각된다.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.105-112
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• 2015

레스베라트롤(Resveratrol)은 천연 폴리페놀이며 피부 손상, 자외선 및 병원성의 공격으로부터 피부를 보호한다. 본 연구에서는 레스베라트롤을 함유한 에토좀의 최적의 제조 조건을 찾기 위해 시도하였다. 에토좀은 수화액정법을 응용하여 제조하였다. 에토좀의 봉입효율 및 입자 크기에 영향을 미치는 요인에 대하여 조사하였다. 에토좀의 입자 사이즈는 입도분석기를 이용하였다. 봉입효율은 HPLC를 이용하여 측정하였다. 에토좀 입자의 크기는 111.2 ~ 112.8 nm이고, 봉입효율은 81.25 ~ 88.75%임을 확인하였다. 최적의 제조 조건으로는 레시틴 : 레스베라트롤 : 콜레스테롤 : 에탄올 = 2.0 : 0.08 : 0.05 : 20.0% (w/w)의 비율로 제조된 경우임을 확인하였다.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.428-434
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 알킬체인의 길이가 서로 다른 benzyltrialkylammonium chloride계 화합물을 합성하여 리포좀 제조에 응용하였다. 제조된 리포좀의 평균 입도분포, 제타전위, 방출거동 및 항균성을 조사하였으며, 사슬 길이에 따른 특성을 비교하였다. 리포좀의 평균 입도는 120~140 nm의 크기분포를 가졌으며 소수성 사슬의 길이가 증가할수록 큰 입자크기를 가졌다. 리포좀 용액의 제타전위는 양이온성 계면활성제인 benzyltrialkylammonium chloride를 첨가함에 따라 +80~90 mV의 값을 가지며 향상된 분산 안정성을 보였다. 방출거동에서는 사슬 길이에 따라 방출 속도를 조절할 수 있었으며 긴 사슬의 계면활성제를 첨가한 리포좀은 증가된 서방형 방출특성을 보였다. 또한, 리포좀의 포집효율은 25.9~27.5% 이었다.