• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제26권5호
• /
• pp.609-624
• /
• 2013

The objective of this study was to get a comprehensive understanding of how genes in chicken shell gland modulate eggshell strength at the early stage of active calcification. Four 32-week old of purebred Xianju hens with consistent high or low shell breakage strength were grouped into two pairs. Using Affymetrix Chicken Array, a whole-transcriptome analysis was performed on hen's shell gland at 9 h post oviposition. Gene ontology enrichment analysis for differentially expressed (DE) transcripts was performed using the web-based GOEAST, and the validation of DE-transcripts was tested by qRT-PCR. 1,195 DE-transcripts, corresponding to 941 unique genes were identified in hens with strong eggshell compared to weak shell hens. According to gene ontology annotations, there are 77 DE-transcripts encoding ion transporters and secreted extracellular matrix proteins, and at least 26 DE-transcripts related to carbohydrate metabolism or post-translation glycosylation modification; furthermore, there are 88 signaling DE-transcripts. GO term enrichment analysis suggests that some DE-transcripts mediate reproductive hormones or neurotransmitters to affect eggshell quality through a complex suite of biophysical processes. These results reveal some candidate genes involved with eggshell strength at the early stage of active calcification which may facilitate our understanding of regulating mechanisms of eggshell quality.

• 통상정보연구
• /
• 제10권3호
• /
• pp.143-162
• /
• 2008

The Title 19 of the U.S. Code covers custom duties and is the heart of international trade regulation in the U.S.. Among the provisions in Title 19, is Chapter 4, the Tariff Act of 1930. Under U.S. Antidumping duty law, dumping occurs when `subject merchandise' is imported into the U.S. and sold at less than `fair value.' The administration of U.S. Antidumping duty law is shared between the Department of Commerce('Commerce') and International Trade Commission('USITC'). The U.S. Court of International Trade ("CIT") and the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit ("CAFC") decided the review of antidumping duty ("AD") determinations and administrative review results issued by the Commerce and the USITC, as well as the review of countervailing duty ("CVD") decisions. In Eurodif S.A. v. United States, the CAFC considered the important issue of whether the antidumping and countervailing duty laws apply to sales and purchases of services--in this case, the sale or purchase of enrichment services. Although the federal courts had considered the issue of whether a sale of enrichment services constitutes a sale of goods, the issue had never arisen in the context of the antidumping and countervailing duty laws. Also this is the first time that the Supreme Court has ever agreed to consider an antidumping case.

• 한국마린엔지니어링학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국마린엔지니어링학회 2005년도 전기학술대회논문집
• /
• pp.81-86
• /
• 2005

The purpose of this study is to develop venturi type after-burner in order to obtain pollutant reduction effect and find the best stable combustion condition. For this purpose, through a flow analysis, the shape of venturi type was made and flame holder locations were also decided by measuring chemical species at before and after the after-burner. Also, various chemical species concentration were measured at changing the induced air rates and the oxygen for oxygen enrichment for the solution the problems of much oxygen flow rate and the flame stability range. As results of this study, a flow distribution and the purification effect was excellent at venturi contraction 0.5 and flame holder location 12mm below the center of Venturi throat. On the purification characteristics, we found that pollutants reduction was effective when area ratio and oxygen are increased. But there are suitable quantities due to the flame shape change and combustion efficiency.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
• /
• 제32권4호
• /
• pp.305-310
• /
• 2017

Miniature pig (minipig) has been considered as an important laboratory animal in the developmental biotechnology researches with respect to xenotransplantation, stem cell, somatic cell nuclear transfer and embryo transfer. Given that the laboratory minipigs are normally housed at an indoor facility, they pass the time with lying or sleeping unless it is feeding time. Therefore, it is necessary to provide environmental enrichments to satisfy their innate needs and to lessen atypical behaviors caused by stress, on the purpose of welfare. We quantitatively investigated the type of preferable enrichment for the laboratory minipigs as well as its effect on their daily life. They presented a great interest to the pliable pail but a rapid loss of attraction to non-preferable enrichments. When the daily life of the single housed minipigs was quantified based on duration of playing or resting, they were more actively engaged in lively activities in the presence of enrichments. In addition, the provision of enrichments could effectively alleviate the conflicts during group housing when new pen mate was introduced, resulting in reduction of wound cases. We believe the considerations of animal welfare are essential to the conduct of better research because animals in the non-stressful environment will be more physiologically stable and provide more reliable results in the animal experiments.

• Mass Spectrometry Letters
• /
• 제2권2호
• /
• pp.53-56
• /
• 2011

[ $C_8$ ]functionalized magnetic nanoparticles were synthesized by coating magnetic $Fe_3O_4$ nanoparticles with silicaamine groups using 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane and by subsequently modifying the amine groups with chloro(dimethyl)octylsilane to produce octyl groups on the surface of the MNPs. The $C_8$-functionalized MNPs were used to enrich peptides from tryptic protein digests of myoglobin and ${\alpha}$-casein. The enriched peptides were analyzed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS). MALDI-MS was also used to investigate desalting of the $C_8$-functionalized MNPs. Sample solutions were prepared in 1.0 M NaCl, and the successful removal of salt was observed. Enrichment with $C_8$-functionalized MNPs was very effective for separating and concentrating tryptic peptides.

• 환경영향평가
• /
• 제12권2호
• /
• pp.99-108
• /
• 2003

We collected and analyzed PM10 samples to account for the characteristics of heavy metallic elements for yellow sand and non-yellow sand during springtime of 2002 at Busan, The mean PM10 mass concentration for springtime of 2002 was $219.82{\mu}g/m^3$ with the maximum $787.50{\mu}g/m^3$ and the minimum $19.44{\mu}g/m^3$. The mean concentration of metallic elements contained in PM10 are shown as follows : Si>Ca>Fe>Al>Na, respectively. The ratio of mean PM10 mass concentration for yellow sand($362.7{\mu}g/m^3$) to that for non-yellow sand($48.3{\mu}g/m^3$) was 7.5, the significant positive correlation (P<0.05) was found between yellow sand and non-yellow sand. The metallic elements concentration ratios of yellow sand to the non-yellow sand were over 10 times for Al, Ca, Mg, 4~8 times for Fe, Si, Mn. But the concentration of Na, Cu, Zn for non-yellow sand was higher than those of yellow sand. The crustal enrichment factor of Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn, Cr, K, Mn, Na, Ni for yellow sand was higher that of non-yellow sand over 10 times, and concentration rate of soil particles of yellow sand was increased 2.3 times that of nonyellow sand.

• 한국작물학회지
• /
• 제51권4호
• /
• pp.303-309
• /
• 2006

The study examined the effects of $CO_2$ enrichment on growth of soybean (Glycine max). Two soybean varieties were used, Taekwang and Cheongja. The plants were grown in growth chambers with a 12-h photoperiod and a day/night temperature of $28/21^{\circ}C$ at the seedling stage and $30/23^{\circ}C$ from the flowering stage. The plants were exposed to the two elevated $CO_2$ levels of 500 and 700 ppm and the ambient level of 350 ppm. Results of the experiment showed that at the second-node trifoliate stage of the two varieties, the elevated $CO_2$ increased plant height, leaf area and dry weight. The elevated $CO_2$ also raised the photosynthetic rate of soybean as compared to the ambient level. From the beginning bloom stage to the full maturity stage of the two varieties, the elevated $CO_2$ increased plant height, leaf area, seed weight and photosynthetic rate. The stomatal conductance and transpiration rate decreased on long days relative to short days of treatment. Through the entire stages, the elevated $CO_2$ increased the water use efficiency of soybean plants because stomatal conductance and transpiration rate decreased at the elevated $CO_2$ levels relative to the ambient level.

• 영재교육연구
• /
• 제14권4호
• /
• pp.93-112
• /
• 2004

심화교육의 한 형태인 사사교육은 21세기를 주도할 과학영재들에게 적합한 교육방법으로 알려져 오고 있다. 사사교육은 과학영재들에게 멘터와의 긴밀한 관계 및 연구를 통해 자신의 능력 및 과학자로서의 태도를 기르는 데 도움을 주고 있다. 경남대학교 과학영재교육원 (KIGES)은 지난 5년간 사사교육 프로그램을 운영해 오고 있다. KIGES의 경험을 포함하여 사사교육이 과학영재에게 제공하는 이점들을 토대로 사사교육 모형을 제안하였다. 이 사사교육 모형은 향후 사사교육 참여자들에게 사사교육의 과정을 용이하게 할 뿐만 아니라 사사교육의 효과를 증진시키는 데 도움이 될 것으로 사료된다.

• International Journal of Human Ecology
• /
• 제15권2호
• /
• pp.81-92
• /
• 2014

This paper explores factors associated with multiple concurrent care and education arrangements in early childhood in South Korea. It draws on a subsample from the Korean Longitudinal Survey of Women and Families. Results show that about one-fifth of the families utilized multiple arrangements for their first preschool child. The primary non-parental option in multiplicity was nurseries or kindergartens. Home care and education options such as home study materials were found to be most prevalent secondary non-parental option, followed by services at private institution as well as relative care. Children's age, care cost, non-parental care time and time constraints were found to be positively related to the incidence of multiplicity for the first preschool child while family income and cost constraints were negatively associated. As a secondary option in the multiplicity, services at private institutions increased with children's age, care cost and when the grandparents live far from the parents' house. Home care and education utilization was found more among mothers with low degree of time constraints. Utilization of relative support decreased with the children's age and meant lower care cost and increased with mother's employment, fathers' education, family income, cost constraints and when grandparents live nearby. This paper, based on the associated factors, suggests how issues of children enrichment and constraints might be related to the multiplicity.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제23권2호
• /
• pp.233-240
• /
• 1991

수동적 감마선분석에 의해 U-235의 농축도를 비파괴적으로 측정하였다. 측정차상이 되는 선원은 U-235의 알파붕괴시 방출되는 185.7 keV 감마선이다. 농축도 측정에 영향을 미치는 인자, 즉 시료구성, 시료용기의 두께변화에 따른 감쇠효과, 감마선의 집속 및 검출효율 등을 평가하였다. 최적계측시스템하에서 측정된 상대오차는 95%신뢰구간에서 Tag값과 비교했을 때 감손 UF$_{6}$ 실린더에 대해서는 ~8%, 감손 및 천연 $UO_2$분말에 대해서는 ~8%, ~1%로 각각 나타났다.