• KSBB Journal
• /
• 제13권5호
• /
• pp.561-568
• /
• 1998

Two cometabolic trichloroethylene (TC) degraders, Pseudomonas putida F1 and Burkholderia (Pseudomonas) cepacia G4, were found to catabolize phenol, benzene, toluene, and ethylbenzene as carbon and energy sources. Resting cells of P. putida F1 and B. cepacia G4 grown in the presence of toluene and phenol, respectively, were able to degrade not only benzene, toluene and ethylenzene but also TCE and p-xylene. However, these two strains grown in the absence of toluene or phenol did not degrade TCE and p-xylene. Therefore, it was tentatively concluded that cometabolic degradation of TC and p-xylene was mediated by toluene dioxygenase (P. putida F1) or toluene-2-monooxygenase (B. cepacia G4). Maximal degradation rates of BTEX and TCE by toluene- and phenol-induced resting cells of P. putida F1 and B. cepacia G4 were appeared to be 4-530 nmol/(min$.$mg cell protein) when a single compound was solely served as a target substrate. In case of double substrates, the benzene degradation rate by P. putida F1 in the presence of toluene was decreased up to one seventh of that for the single substrate. TCE degradation rate was also linearly decreased as toluene concentration increased. On the other hand, toluene degradation rate was enhanced by benzene and TCE. For B. cepacia G4, degradation rates of TCE and toluene increased 4 times in the presence of 50 ${\mu}$M phenol. From these results, it was concluded that a degradation rate of a compound in the presence of another cosubstrate(s) could not be predicted by simply generalizing antagonistic or synergistic interactions between substrates.

• 한국물환경학회지
• /
• 제20권6호
• /
• pp.577-582
• /
• 2004

The photocatalytic degradation of atrazine and PCP, a endocrine disruptors, has been investigated over $TiO_2$ photocatalysts under ultraviolet (UV) light irradiation. The effect of operational parameters, i.e., pH, light intensity and persulphate concentration on the degradation rate of aqueous solution of atrazine and PCP has been examined. The results presented in this work demonstrate that, as pH and the light intensity increased, the photocatalytic reaction rates were enhanced. Individual use of $TiO_2$-persulphate was far more effective than using only $TiO_2$ in atrazine and PCP removal. Based on the overall experimental results, the photocatalytic oxidation of atrazine and PCP with the coated $TiO_2$ photocatalyst is found to be very effective under the operational conditions delineated in this study.

• 대한의생명과학회지
• /
• 제27권3호
• /
• pp.182-186
• /
• 2021

Parkinson disease (PD) is becoming one of the most neurodegenerative disorder worldwide. The deposited aggregates have been connected in the pathophysiology of PD, which are degraded either by ubiquitin-proteasomal system (UPS) or autophagy-lysosomal pathway (ALP). Leucin-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2), one of the neurodegenerative proteins of PD is also stringently controlled by both UPS and ALP degradation as well. However, the polyubiquitination pattern of LRRK2 aggregates is largely unknown. Here, we found that K63-linked polyubiquitinations of G2019S mutant, most familial variant for PD, is highly enhanced compared to those of wild type LRRK2 (WT). In addition, in the presence of overexpressed p62/SQSTM-1, ubiquitination of LRRK2 WT or D1994A was reduced, whereas G2019S mutant was not diminished significantly. Therefore, we propose that degradation of G2019S via UPS is more involved with K63-linked ubiquitination than K48-linked ubiquitination, and overexpressed p62/SQSTM-1 does not enhance degradative effect on G2019S variant.

• BMB Reports
• /
• 제55권8호
• /
• pp.389-394
• /
• 2022

In particular, the phenomenon of c-Jun degradation within the inflammatory response has not yet been fully analyzed. In order to verify this, we investigated LPS-stimulated murine macrophages pre-treated with sodium orthovanadate (SO) in order to uncover the regulatory mechanisms of the MAPKs which regulate c-Jun degradation within the inflammatory response. Through our study, we found that SO suppressed the production of prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂) and the expression of COX-2 in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Additionally, SO decreased total c-Jun levels, without altering the amount of mRNA, although the phospho-levels of p38, ERK, and JNK were strongly enhanced. Through the usage of selective MAPK inhibitors, and knockdown and overexpression strategies, p38 was revealed to be a major MAPK which regulates c-Jun degradation. Further analysis indicates that the phosphorylation of p38 is a determinant for c-Jun degradation, and is sufficient to induce ubiquitination-dependent c-Jun degradation, recovered through MG132 treatment. Therefore, our results suggest that the hyperphosphorylation of p38 by SO contributes to c-Jun degradation, which is linked to the suppression of PGE₂ secretion in inflammatory responses; and thus, finding drugs to increase p38 activity could be a novel strategy for the development of anti-inflammatory drugs.

• 대한화학회지
• /
• 제65권5호
• /
• pp.401-405
• /
• 2021

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• 제31권1호
• /
• pp.133-139
• /
• 2010

Photoelectrocatalytic decolorization of methlene blue (MB) in the presence of two types of carbon nanotube/titania and yttrium-treated carbon nanotube/titania electrodes in aqueous solutions were studied under visible light. The prepared composite electrodes were characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission and scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray analysis, and photoelectrocatalytic activity. The photoelectrocatalytic performances of the supported catalysts were evaluated for the decolorization of MB solution under visible light irradiation. The results showed that yttrium incorporation enhanced the decolorization rate of MB. It was found that the photoelectrocatalytic degradation of a MB solution could be attributed to the combined effects caused by the photo-degradation of titania, the electron assistance of carbon nanotube network, the enhancement of yttrium and a function of the applied potential. The repeatability of photocatalytic activity was also tested. The presence of yttrium enhanced the hydrophillicity of yttrium-carbon nanotubes/titania electrode because more OH groups can be adsorbed on the surface.

• 유기물자원화
• /
• 제8권3호
• /
• pp.118-123
• /
• 2000

음식물쓰레기는 함수율과 휘발성 유기물질의 함량이 높기 때문에 수거, 운반 및 매립에 있어 많은 문제점이 야기되고 있다. 음식물쓰레기의 산발효는 pH, 체류시간 등과 같은 환경조건에 의해서 영향을 받는데, 음식물쓰레기의 각 구성성분은 각기 다른 환경조건에서 분해가 진행된다. 전분, 셀룰로우스 및 단백질은 각각 최적의 pH 및 체류시간을 가지고 있어, 전분의 경우는 낮은 pH에서 셀룰로우스는 체류시간이 증가할수록 그리고 단백질은 체류시간의 증가 및 중성 pH에 접근할수록 그 분해가 증가한다. 이러한 사실은 산발효의 환경조건을 조절함으로써 음식물쓰레기의 분해가 향상될 수 있음을 말하여 준다. 산발효 단계에 따라 희석율의 값을 3.0에서 $1.0d^{-1}$로 조절한 경우, 산발효 효율은 71.2%에서 81.1%로 크게 증가하였다. 이때 주된 산발효 산물은 뷰틸산에서 초산으로 점차 변화하였는데, 이것은 산발효의 효율향상이 야채류와 육류의 분해 증가에 기인함을 보여주는 것이다.

• 에너지공학
• /
• 제7권2호
• /
• pp.163-171
• /
• 1998

고분자 첨가물의 퇴화는 시험용액의 고온상태에서 증가된다. 합성고분자용액의 퇴화에 대해 시간에 따른 온도와 고분자 농도의 영향을 알아보기 위해 6$0^{\circ}C$, 8$0^{\circ}C$의 온도와 100, 200, 400, 600 ppm의 다양한 고분자 농도에 따라 폐회로방식으로 실험적인 연구를 하였다. 퇴화효과는 기계적 퇴화보다 온도에 더 의존적임이 밝혀졌다. 마찰계수와 레이놀즈 수의 관계는 레이놀즈 수가 5만부터 15만까지의 범위에서 레이놀즈 수가 증가함에 따라 마찰계수가 감소하고, 저온에서 마찰은 Vi가의 최대마찰저항감소 점근선에 접근한다는 것을 보인다. 일정한 유량과 온도에 대해, 높은 고분자 농도에서 퇴화효과가 더 작게 밝혀졌다. 일정한 유량과 고분자 농도에 대해서는 퇴화율이 주로 온도에 영향받는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 8$0^{\circ}C$의 온도, 100 ppm의 고분자 농도에서 4시간후에 마찰저항 감소효과가 없어졌다. 그러나, 열적퇴화는 고분자 분자들간의 결합력을 증가시켜 주는 것으로 생각되는 계면활성제 같은 추가적인 물질을 이용하여 극복할 수 있을 것이다.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
• /
• 제47권4호
• /
• pp.441-445
• /
• 2009

고분자전해질 막의 전기화학적 열화에 미치는 온도의 영향에 대해 연구하였다. 가속 열화 조건(OCV, anode 무가습, cathode 65% RH)에서 셀 온도를 변화시켜 144시간 운전한 후 셀 성능은 12에서 35%까지 감소하였다. 이러한 성능 감소는 FER(Fluoride Emission Rate) 측정에서 알 수 있듯이 과산화수소 혹은 산소라디칼(${\cdot}OH$, $HO_2{\cdot}$)의 공격에 의한 막의 열화에 따른 것으로 라디칼 형성을 위한 가스 crossover의 증가를 가져왔다. 전극에서의 라디칼 생성은 ESR로 확인하였다. 고분자막 열화의 온도 의존성을 나타내는 Arrhenius plot에 얻어진 활성화 에너지 값은 66.2 kJ/mol이었다. 셀 작동온도 증가는 라디칼 형성속도와 라디칼이 막을 공격하는 반응 속도뿐 아니라 가스 crossover 속도도 증가시켜 막 열화를 가속화시켰다.

• 한국물환경학회지
• /
• 제25권4호
• /
• pp.522-529
• /
• 2009

To supply safe drinking water to areas lacking in water supply and drainage system, such as rural area and military bases in proximity to Demilitarized Zone, effective method for treating organic contaminants such as MTBE is required. This study focuses on seeking optimal conditions for effective degradation of MTBE using a bath type ultrasound reactor. Effectiveness of MTBE degradation by ultrasound is dependent on the frequency, power, temperature, treatment volume, initial concentration, catalyst, etc. In this study the degradation rate of MTBE by ultrasound was proportional to power/unit volume ratio and removal is relatively more efficient for 0.1 mM than for 1 mM of MTBE solution. Efficiency of ultrasound treatment for 1 mM MTBE solution was enhanced under bath temperature of $30^{\circ}C$ compared to $4^{\circ}C$, but the temperature effect was negligible for 0.1 mM MTBE solution. Also for 0.1 mM MTBE solution, effect of catalyst such as $TiO_2$ and $Fe^0$ on treatment speed was negligible, and zeolite even increases the time taken for the degradation. Under these specific experimental conditions of this study, the most determinant factor for degradation rate of MTBE in solution was frequency and power of ultrasound. The results have shown that a continuous ultrasound reactor system can be used for small scale remediation of organically polluted groundwater, under optimal conditions.