• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.29-48
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• 2003

The Steel Industry has made a significant contribution to the increase of energy use in Korea. This paper presents a method for development energy efficiency indicator in the steel industry based on the decomposing approach. This paper develops a logically consistent method for decomposing a change in energy consumption into the effects of three factors structural change, energy intensity and output level. Numerical illustration of the method is given using 1992~2001 data for energy consumption in a virtual works. The most dominant factor is revealed to be the output effect. The energy intensity for the steel industry has increased and the effect of such a growth was relatively strongly reflected in the decomposition analysis. The structural effect turned out to be also important during the periods.

• Asia Pacific Journal of Business Review
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.19-38
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• 2018

The energy intensity of Nepal is economically not worthy, lacks eco-friendly and importantly not sustainable, and almost four times the average global energy intensity. Considerable efforts have been exercised to reduce the energy gap yet, it is still much to achieve. Nation priority on energy sector was envisaged with promulgation of investment friendly rules and law in hydropower and renewable technology even though, could not harness the sufficient energy. In amid of this acute energy crisis, the government launched the Nepal Energy Efficiency Programme (NEEP) with technical assistance from German International Cooperation (GIZ). Energy Efficiency (EE) practice is the most cost-effective method to reduce the supply and demand gap, reduce on greenhouse gases and pollution, and deter on import of petroleum products which finally improves on trade imbalance. This paper had proposed a framework of energy management team to promote energy efficient technologies in residential consumer. The energy management teams study the past records of energy use pattern of consumers and suggest appropriate technology for energy saving options. The paper provides some reviews of energy efficiency initiatives undertaken by the concern regulatory body which highlights the current status. The comprehensive knowledge acquired through exploratory research is implemented in this paper to identify the various barriers that domestic consumer is experiencing towards the active participation in energy efficiency program launched by the Government of Nepal.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• v.18 no.9
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• pp.1549-1558
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• 2004

This study is concerned with the general solution of the field intensity factors and energy release rate for a Griffith crack in a piezoelectric ceramic of finite radius under combined anti-plane mechanical and in-plane electrical loading. Both electrically continuous and impermeable crack surface conditions are considered. Employing Mellin transforms and Fourier series, the problem is reduced to dual integral forms. The solution to the resulting expressions is expressed in terms of Fredholm integral equation of the second kind. The solutions are provided to study the influence of the crack length, the crack surface boundary conditions on the intensity factors and the energy release rate.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.20 no.7
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• pp.2167-2173
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• 1996

An approximate weight function technique using the indirect boundary integral equation has been presented for the analysis of stress intensity foactors(SIFs) of a thick pipe. One-term boundary integral was introduced to represent the crack surface displacement field for the displacement based weight function technique. An explicit closed-form SIF solution applicable to symmetric cracked pipes without any modification of the solution including both circumferential and radial cracks has been derived. The necessary information in the analysis is two or three reference SIFs. In most cases the SIF solution were in good agreement with those available in the literature.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.49-58
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• 2002

This study was designed to examine the effects of vocal loudness on Nasalance scores in Korean vowels. One normal adult without 'hypemasality' produced 3 types of vowels (/i/, /a/, /u/) in 3 levels of loudness (60, 70, 80dB). Nasalance scores (%) and oral & nasal energy intensity (dB) were measured through NasalView system. These data were compared among 3 levels of loudness and among 3 types of vowels. The results were as follow: For all vowels, Nasalance scores significantly reduced when vocal loudness increased. Because the increases of oral energy intensity were larger than that of nasal energy intensity. For all levels of loudness, Nasalance scores significantly differed among vowel types (/i/>/a/>/u/).

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2012.02a
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• pp.280-280
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• 2012

We examined ammonia diffusion on the surface of amorphous ice film through the measurement of decreasing residual quantity of $NH_3$ molecules compared to $H_2O$. The populations of $NH_3$ molecules on the surface of amorphous ice were monitored by using the techniques of temperature programmed reactive ion scattering (TPRIS) method. The ratio of intensity between ammonia and water was examined as a function of time at controlled temperature. When ammonia molecules were externally added onto an ice film at a temperature of 80 K, ammonia coverage with regard to ice was 0.12-0.16 ML. The intensity of ammonia molecules on the surface of ice decreased as time increased and the extent of decreased intensity of ammonia increased as controlled temperature increased. Moreover, energy barrier was estimated to be $51kJmol^{-1}$ on amorphous ice film. The results of the experiment indicate that ammonia molecules have a property of vertical diffusion into amorphous ice and the energy barrier of ammonia diffusion into bulk of ice is higher than that of hydrogen bonding.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.19 no.9
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• pp.2308-2315
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• 1995

We studied the effects on the ignitability of mixture, the combustion duration, and the maximum combustion pressure, of various initial combustion factors such as temperature, pressure, and each equivalence ratio in order to identify the combustion characteristics of lean mixture and improve ignitability through the proper control of the ignition energy. It is concluded that there is an optimum turbulent intensity that enables the combustion to have the best ignitability and the shortest duration under each equivalent ratio, and the combustion duration is only dependent upon the distribution and magnitude of discharge energy within the limit of inflammability.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2001.11b
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• pp.1083-1088
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• 2001

To predict vibrational energy density and intensity of complex structures in medium-to-high frequency ranges, Power Flow Finite Element Method(PFFEM) programs for the plate, beam and some coupled structural elements are developed at present. The vibration energy density and intensity of foreign vehicle is predicted successfully with FE full model of 60,000 DOF using the developed PFFEM program.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.59-65
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to review articles in order to establish optimal contraction intensity and duration in the performance of relaxation techniques for maximal increase in range of motion. Methods: The Cochrane, EBSCO, Embase, Medline, ProQuest, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Scopus databases were used to search articles from 1990 to January 2016. The search terms were "contract relax," "hold relax," "muscle energy technique (MET)," and "proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) stretching." Only experimental human studies (randomized controlled trials) that compared the effects of varying intensity and duration of isometric contraction were included. Non-English language and unpublished studies were excluded. Results: A total of 2,156 articles were initially identified, with only five eventually meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Three studies compared the effects of varying intensity in isometric contraction and two studies compared the effects of varying duration in isometric contraction with regard to range of motion (ROM). Two articles suggested that submaximal voluntary isometric contraction was more effective than maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) in the improvement of ROM. One article showed that a longer contraction time led to greater increases in ROM. Conclusion: Submaximal voluntary isometric contraction was recommended during contract-relax exercises in healthy people. Lack of evidence makes it difficult to suggest the optimal duration of isometric contraction during relaxation techniques. For future research, high-quality evidence will be needed to establish the optimal contraction intensity for maximum improvement of ROM.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.5 no.6
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• pp.43-50
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• 1996

It is very important to improve the combustion efficiency and reduce pollutant emission in order to save energy and environment. Especially, thermal NOx has been reduced through monitoring burner flame, because the thermal NOx is strongly related to flame characteristics. In this work, a flame-monitoring system was fabricated with photodiode, optical fiber, interference filter and data acquisition system, and it was applied to a lab-scale methane combustion system and a testing facility. Flame intensity and mean frequency increased with increasing turbulent intensity and fuel loading. The sensor signal from flame fluctuations differed from that without flame, which showed the availability af the flame scanner to find the presence of flame. NOx emissions increased with flame intensity.