• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.94-102
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• 1991

This study was directed to further clarify the effect of resting time or dietary condition for the improvement of exercise capacity and physical fitness, and the changes of some body consitiuents and physiological functions which are related to the exercise metabolism. Sixteen male students(8 athletes and 8 nonathletes)were participated during 3 weeks(Aug. 20-Sep.9, 1989). Each subject performed two treadmill running trials at an absolute intensity (1 mintute in 3.4mph/15% slope and 2 minutes in 5.5mph/20% slope). In the resting time trials, general diet was fed before 1, 2, 4 and 12 hours of the treadmill exercise loaded. in the dietary condition trials, high carbohydrate(HC), high fat(HF) and high protein(HP) diet were fed before 2 hours of the treadmill exercise loaded. Control trial was that of resting time before treadmill exercise loaded after 12 hours of general diet feeding. Measurement were made to study the change of blood glucose, palmitate, lactate, blood pressure and heart rate. The results obtained are summarized as follows: Mean daily metabolizable period. In resting time trial, the blood glucose concentration of athlete and nonathlete from 2 hours group was similar to control group. The blood palmitate concentration of athlete was increased in 1 and 2 hours group but those of nonathlete was not only increased in 1 and2 hours group but was more increased in 12 hours group, compared with both control group. The blood lactate concentration was increased in all experimental group, compared with both control group and those of nonathlete was much higher than athlets. The elevation rate of blood pressure in pre-and after-exercise of athlete was lower than those of nonathlete. In dietary composition trial, the blood glucose concentration of athlete and nonathlete in HC group was higher than other diet groups. The blood lactate concentration of athlete and nonathlete in HC group was lower than other diet groups. There was no remarkable change of the blood palmitate concentration and heart rate in each dietary composition trial, but those of nonathlete was low in HC and high in HP group. In above results, it was suggested that the effective condition of resting time and dietary composition for the improvement of exercise capacity of nonathlete may be 2 hours and HC diet, respectively. But it was showed that the exercise capacity of athlete may not be affected by experimental condition of resting time, except 1 hour after feeding or of dietary composition because of well adaptation in new exercise condition.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.11 no.12
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• pp.2335-2342
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• 2007

Laser stimulation has been widely studied and used in clinic. However, electrical response by laser stimulation on meridians has not been investigated. In this study, we compared electric potential of laser and acupuncture stimulation on meridians. We measured electric potential variation at acupoints(Samgan(LI3) and Hapgok(LI4)) on Large Intestine Meridian. In laser stimulation results, average peak electric potential is very low($7.53{\pm}3.44{\mu}V$) for before and after stimulation. However, acupuncture stimulation was performed in ground connection condition and resulted in huge variation of average peak electric potential($2.65{\pm}1.53mV$). That is, the intensity and pattern of electric potential were dependent on the ground connection condition and individual. Also, the electric potential pattern was very similar to the pattern of electric charge and discharge of capacitor. The acupuncture stimulation using a insulating needle resulted in lower average peak electric potential variation($0.25{\pm}0.16mV$) than that of acupuncture stimulation. It might present little electrical response of acupuncture stimulation using insulating needles. In point of electrical response, the laser stimulation was determined to be no acupuncture effect at meridian. Acupuncture stimulation seems to be most effective method to induce electrical response at meridians. The procedure and effect of acupuncture might be considered as energy consensus phenomenon by transportation of bio-ion charge between a practitioner and patient.

• Food Engineering Progress
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.138-146
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• 2009

The crude polysaccharide fraction from fruit body of Auricularia auricula were obtained by using hot water extraction and ethanol precipitation. As the crude polysaccharide fraction contained the brownish dark colored compounds, the adsorption study of pigments from the crude polysaccharide using activated carbon was carried out. The pigment compounds showed an absorption characteristic with $\lambda_{max}$ of 230 nm and the absorbance at 230 nm was taken as color intensity. Adsorption capacity of pigment depended on increase of the activated carbon to sample loading ratio. The adsorption capacity increased with increase of pH and temperature in the pH range of 3.0-7.0 and temperature range of 25-40$^{\circ}C$, but decreased in the temperature range of 40-70$^{\circ}C$. The optimum capacity was obtained at addition of 16.7 mg activated carbon per mL sample solution (concentration = 3 mg/mL) at pH of 7.0 and temperature of 40$^{\circ}C$. Treatment for 10 min was sufficient to achieve the 80% decolorization and 1.25 fold purification of polysaccharide. Langmuir isotherm and pseudo second-order kinetic model provided the best fitting for adsorption of the brownish dark colored compounds onto powdered active carbon. The activation energies of adsorption from the Langmuir isotherm parameter in the ranges of 25-40$^{\circ}C$ and 40-70$^{\circ}C$ was -2.54 and 4.38 kcal/g, respectively. The results of low activation energy also indicated that the adsorption process was a physical adsorption which was controlled by diffnsion.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.1117-1128
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• 2021

The purpose of the current study was to investigate the effects of 4-week health promotion intervention program consisting of high-intensity aerobic exercise to improve energy consumption and cardiorespiratory capacity, circuit training to strengthen muscular strength and endurance and education for lifestyle changes on the obesity level, physical fitness, insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome among overweight or obese elementary school students. Twenty three overweight or obese children as obese group and 15 normal body weight children as normal group were recruited. The health promotion program consisted of two exercise sessions and one education session, 3days/week in 4-week. Obesity level(body mass index, waist circumference, %body fat), physical fitness(muscular strength, muscular endurance, flexibility, cardiopulmonary fitness), insulin resistance(homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance) and metabolic syndrome risk factors(blood pressure, fasting glucose, triglycerides, high density lipoprotein cholesterol) were measured. There was not significant decrease in obesity level; however, there were significant improvement in physical fitness, insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome risk factors after program participation among obese children. As a result, through participation in the summer camp consisting mainly of exercise, the improvement of the physical fitness level and the decrease of insulin resistance had an effect on the reduction of the metabolic syndrome frequency.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.87-100
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• 2021

With a striking increase in the level of contamination and subsequent degradations in the environment, detection and monitoring of contaminants in various sites has become a crucial mission in current society. In this review, we have summarized the current research areas in membrane-based colorimetric sensors for trace detection of various molecules. The researches covered in this summary utilize membranes composed of cellulose fibers as sensing platforms and metal nanoparticles or fluorophores as optical reagents. Displaying decent or excellent sensitivity, most of the developed sensors achieve a significant selectivity in the presence of interfering ions. The physical and chemical properties of cellulose membrane platforms can be customized by changing the synthesis method or type of optical reagent used, allowing a wide range of applications possible. Membrane-based sensors are also portable and have great mechanical properties, which enable on-site detection of contaminants. With such superior qualities, membrane-based sensors examined in the researches were used for versatile purposes including quantification of heavy metals in drinking water, trace detection of toxic antibiotics and heavy metals in environmental water samples. Some of the sensors exhibited additional features like antimicrobial ability and recyclability. Lastly, while most of the sensors aimed for a detection enabled by naked eyes through rapid colour change, many of them investigated further detection methods like fluorescence, UV-vis spectroscopy, and RGB colour intensity.

• Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.67-77
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• 2019

The grouting method is utilized to reinforce and waterproof poor grounds, enhance the bearing capacity of structures damaged resulting from settlement due to elevation and vibration or differential settlement, and for cutoff. The purpose of this research is to enhance the compressive strength of grout materials by using aramid fiber and develop a high-strength ground improvement method by using blast furnace slag powder. In this regard, this study has conducted a uniaxial compression test after checking the high charge (higher than 50%) of the ratio of blast furnace slag powder and cement at 100:0, 70:30 and 40:60%, adding the aramid mixture based on 0, 0.5 and 1.0% of the cement and furnace slag powder weight and creating sand gels based on surface oiling rate of 0.7 and 1.2%. For the environmental review evaluation, a heavy metal exudation test and a pH test measurement have been conducted. The experiment results showed that 1% increase of aramid fiber led to 1.3 times greater uniaxial compression intensity. As for the hexavalent chrome, a 30% increase in blast furnace slag powder led to approximately 50% decrease in heavy metal exudation. However, the pH test revealed that a 30% increase in blast furnace slag powder resulted in approximately 0.5 increase in pH. Further research on the pH part is needed in the future.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.459-468
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• 2021

Blocking electromagnetic waves on the exterior walls of buildings effectively reduces the intensity of electromagnetic fields in buildings, which leads to attenuation of electromagnetic disturbances, so there is a great interest in developing technologies. In this study, SiC by-products and graphite generated in the semiconductor field were selected and mixed into mortar after pretreatment such as pulverization to evaluate their physical properties and electromagnetic wave shielding performance. Considering the economic efficiency of each shielding material, only 10% volume of the outermost side of the experiment was mixed with each shielding material to evaluate the shielding performance. The shielding performance was predicted when the experiment was manufactured by mixing the shielding material with the entire volume of the experiment using the shielding effect evaluation formula. The results of the experiment showed that the shielding performance was up to 20 dB when SiC grains were mixed with shielding materials, the shielding performance was up to 18 dB when graphite powder was mixed with shielding materials, and the shielding performance was up to 28 dB when SiC powder was mixed with shielding materials, and the shielding performance was close to 30 dB, which is known to have a shielding rate of 99.9%.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.121-132
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• 2021

Green facade has a significant impact on building's energy performance by controlling the absorption of solar radiation and improving outdoor thermal comfort through shading and evapotranspiration. In particular, since high-density building does not enough green space, green facade, and rooftop greening using artificial ground plants are highly utilized. However, the level of cooling effect according to plant traits and irrigation control is different. Therefore, in this study, the cooling effect analyzed for a total of 4 cases by controlling the irrigation condition based on hedera and spurge. Although hedera under sufficient water had the highest cooling effect(-2℃~-4℃), had the lowest cooling effect under non-irrigation(+1.1℃~+4.4℃). In addition, hedera under sufficient water had cooling effect than hedera under non-irrigation(-1℃~-8.1℃) and in the case of spurge, it had cooling effect(-0.3℃~-7.8℃) more than non-irrigation. As a result of measuring the amount of transpiration according to the light intensity (PAR) and carbon dioxide concentration conditions, transpiration of hedera was higher than the spurge (respectively 0.63204mmolm^-2s^-1, 0.674367mmolm^-2s^-1). The difference in the cooling effect of the green facade under irrigation condition was significant. But the potential cooling effect of green facade according to plants species was different. Therefore, in order to maximize and continuously provide the cooling effect of green facade in urban areas, it is necessary to consider the characteristics of plants and the control of water supply through the irrigation system.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.55 no.10
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• pp.785-799
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• 2022

The aim of this study was to characterize the emission pathways and the footprint of greenhouse gases (GHG) in Daecheong Reservoir using the G-res Tool, and to evaluate the GHG emission intensity (EI) compared to other energy sources. In addition, the change in GHG emissions was assessed in response to the total phosphorus (TP) concentration. The GHG flux in post-impoundment was found to be 262 gCO₂eq/m²/yr, of which CO₂ and CH₄ were 45.7% and 54.2%, respectively. Diffusion of CO₂ contributed the most, followed by diffusion, degassing, and bubbling of CH₄. The net GHG flux increased to 510 gCO₂eq/m²/yr because the forest (as CO₂ sink) was lost after dam construction. The EI of Daecheong Reservoir was 86.8 gCO₂eq/kWh, which is 3.7 times higher than the global EI of hydroelectric power, due to its low power density. However, it was remarkable to highlight the value to be 9.5 times less than that of coal, a fossil fuel. We also found that a decrease in TP concentration in the reservoir leads to a decrease in GHG emissions. The results can be used to improve understanding of the GHG emission characteristics and to reduce uncertainty of the national GHG inventory of dam reservoirs.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2000.02a
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• pp.174-174
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• 2000

A strong antiferromagnetic coupling in Fe/Si multilayered films (MLF) had been recently discovered and much consideration has been given to whether the coupling in the Fe/Si MLF system has the same origin as the metal/metal MLF. Nevertheless, the nature of the interfacial ron silicide is still controversial. On one hand, a metal/ semiconductor structure was suggested with a narrow band-gap semiconducting $\varepsilon$-FeSi spacer that mediates the coupling. However, some features show that the nature of coupling can be well understood in terms of the conventional metal/metal multilayered system. It is well known that both magneto-optical (MO) and optical properties of a metal depend strongly on their electronic structure that is also correlated with the atomic and chemical ordering. In this study, the nature of the interfacial regions is the Fe/Si multilayers has been investigated by the experimental and computer-simulated MO and optical spectroscopies. The Fe/Si MLF were prepared by rf-sputtering onto glass substrates at room temperature with the number of repetition N=50. The thickness of Fe sublayer was fixed at 3.0nm while the Si sublayer thickness was varied from 1.0 to 2.0 nm. The topmost layer of all the Fe/Si MLF is Fe. In order to carry out the computer simulations, the information on the MO and optical parameters of the materials that may constitute a real multilayered structure should be known in advance. For this purpose, we also prepared Fe, Si, FeSi2 and FeSi samples. The structural characterization of Fe/Si MLF was performed by low- and high -angle x-ray diffraction with a Cu-K$\alpha$ radiation and by transmission electron microscopy. A bulk $\varepsilon$-FeSi was also investigated. The MO and optical properties were measured at room temperature in the 1.0-4.7 eV energy range. The theoretical simulations of MO and optical properties for the Fe/Si MLF were performed by solving exactly a multireflection problem using the scattering matrix approach assuming various stoichiometries of a nonmagnetic spacer separating the antiferromagnetically coupled Fe layers. The simulated spectra of a model structure of FeSi2 or $\varepsilon$-FeSi as the spacer turned out to fail in explaining the experimental spectra of the Fe/Si MLF in both intensity and shape. Thus, the decisive disagreement between experimental and simulated MO and optical properties ruled out the hypothesis of FeSi2 and $\varepsilon$-FeSi as the nonmagnetic spacer. By supposing the spontaneous formation of a metallic ζ-FeSi, a reasonable agreement between experimental and simulated MO and optical spectra was obtained.