• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제27권11호
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• pp.1849-1855
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• 2003

Newly commercialized wireless capsule endoscope has many advantages compared to conventional push-type endoscopes. However, it is moved by the peristaltic waves. Therefore, it can not diagnose desired zones actively. In this paper, a locomotive mechanism for wireless capsule endoscope is proposed to increase the efficiency of endoscopy. We designed and fabricated a prototype using SMA springs and bio-mimetic clamping device. The hollow space in the prototype is allocated for further system integration of a camera module, a RF module and a battery. And the sequential control scheme is employed to improve the efficiency of its locomotion. To validate the performance of the locomotive mechanism, experiments on a silicone rubber pad and in vitro tests are carried out. The results of the experiments indicate that proposed mechanism is effective in harsh environments such as digestive organs of a human.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.84-89
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• 2011

Brunneroma, also known as Brunner's gland adenoma or harmatoma, is a very rare benign tumor of the duodenum, which is usually asymptomatic, and is discovered incidentally during endoscopic exam. These lesions are most commonly located in the duodenal bulb and clinical manifestations are variable. We report on a case of a large Brunner's gland adenoma in a 54-year-old man, which was successfully removed by endoscopic resection without complications, such as bleeding or perforation. Microscopically, it was composed entirely of variable Brunner's gland.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.1631-1635
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• 2016

Helicobacter pylori infection plays an important role in the pathogenesis of chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer disease and gastric malignancy. A diagnosis of infection is thus an important part of a treatment strategy of many gastrointestinal tract diseases. Many diagnostic tests are available but all have some limitations in different clinical situations and laboratory settings. A single gold standard cannot available, but be used for diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection in daily clinical practice in all areas, so several techniques have been developed to give reliable results, especially focusing on real time endoscopic features. The narrow band imaging system (NBI) and high resolution endoscopy are imaging techniques for enhanced visualization of infected mucosa and premalignant gastric lesions. The aim of this article is to review the current diagnostic options and possible future developments detection of Helicobacter pylori infection.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.2185-2191
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• 2012

Background: Prevalence of Barrett's esophagus (BE) in Luoyang, China, has not been reported, and its pathogenesis is controversial. The aim of this study was therefore to investigate the prevalence of BE and its underlying factors in the city of Luoyang. Method: This was a prospective study in one center. Many patients were analyzed using endoscopy who showed upper gastrointestinal symptoms between August 2006 and June 2007. In addition, the effect of apoptosis-related proteins and heat shock proteins upon BE's pathogenesis were also investigated by an immunohistochemical protocol. Results: Prevalence of BE was at 4.55% and the mean age of those affected was about 10 years older than for esophagitis. Typical reflux symptoms were significantly lower than with esophagitis, whereas signs of caspase-3 and HSP105 elevation were significantly higher. Expression of TERT, HSP70 and $HSP90{\alpha}$ in BE cases was significantly lower than in esophagitis. However, there was no statistical difference between the two groups in expression of HSP27. Conclusions: The prevalence of BE is high in Luoyang, which could result from esophagitis despite typical reflux symptoms being relatively uncommon. Initiation and development of BE might be the result of accelerated proliferation, apoptosis and differentiation of original cells to intestinal epithelium.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.394-404
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• 1996

Epilepsy is a chronic cerebral. disease resulting from a variety of factors, which is a syndrome with chief complaint of recurrent seizure caused by abnormal electrical discharge of cerebral nerve cell, while the clinical result showed that epilepsia occurs more frequently in pediatrics. A Child having the chief complaint of recerrent vomiting for 2 months undergone the brain and abdominal C.T, MRI, and gastric endoscopy, when the child was normal. While vomiting gas too serious to administer a medicine, a cyclic vomiting repeated with its discontinuation for 2-3 days after continuation for 10 days. As a result, the child visited the ambulatorium of our hospital and then was hospitalized and treated over two times, when there was a remarkably improvement. There was no any particular complaint for 1 year and 2 months, then, the child complained moderate headache. For thjs reason, we performed again electroencephalography, when there appeared in epilepsia opinion. Since then, we have experienced a case of autonomic nervous seizure which was significantly improved by anticonvulsant, and a therapy by using the phlegm resolvents and central stimulants for treating epilepsy(豁痰醒腦治癎法) as an oriental medicine. Therefore, it is to report both treatment view of oriental medicine and analysis on Oriental and Western medical literatures.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.73-77
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• 2017

Objectives: To inform a clinical case of a refractory levator ani syndrome, that was improved by treatments of traditional Korean medicine (TKM). Methods: A 55-years old female had complained severe anorectal pain which didn't respond to Western medicine therapeutics during 5 months including 45-day hospitalization. Whereas the symptom was rapidly resolved by the treatment in a Korean medicine hospital, and the clinical outcome was monitored. Result: There was no abnormality explaining the anorectal pain from blood tests, gastrointestinal endoscopy, sonogram and computed tomography for abdomen and pelvis. The patient was diagnosed with a levator ani syndrome. Based on the typical feature of tenderness of lower abdomen as well as beating sign around belly, an herbal drug, Shihogayonggolmoryo-tang (柴胡加龍骨牡蠣湯) was prescribed. In addition, the warm acupuncture at BL 31 to BL 33 and moxibustion on lower abdomen were given to the patient. The anorectal pain was radically reduced from treatment 7-day, and it almost disappeared within treatment 25-day. Conclusion: This case report would provide information for the potential of TKM therapies focused on the refractory levator ani syndrome which no satisfactory therapy exist.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.259-266
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• 2010

Clostridium difficile 연관 설사증은 항생제 관련 병원 감염 설사에 매우 중요하며, 최근 병원 내 C. difficile 감염 발생률은 계속 증가해왔다. 본 연구에서는 2005년 1월부터 2008년 12월까지 대변 총 1,329 검체를 검사 하여, C. difficile 발생률과 감염 특성을 분석하였다. 전체 1,329 검체 중 독소 A/B검사(EIA)양성 반응을 나타낸 검체는 총283건이었다. 4년간 평균 양성률은 21.2%였으며, 연령 분포에서는 70세 이상에서 가장 높았다. 내시경 소견에서 PMC 57.7%, 정상 소견 19.5%였으며, 조직학적 소견에서는 PMC26.8%, AAC 52.2% 였다. C. difficile 은 PMC 와 관련이 있으나, 내시경 검사 및 조직 검사 소견에서는 정상에서 PMC 까지 다양하게 나타났다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제47권6호
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• pp.433-436
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• 2010

Objective : Arachnoid cysts (ACs) can be cured by making the definite and wide communication between the cyst and arachnoid space using endoscopy, but often it is impossible only through the usual working-channel (intra-channel) procedures. We discuss and propose a more valuable endoscopic technique with the presentation of our series of cases. Methods : We treated 9 patients with cortical AC in various locations with extra-channel endoscopic techniques. The patients ranged in age from 3 years to 60 years (mean age, 37.2 yrs). The follow-up period ranged from 12 to 26 months (mean follow-up duration, 17.2 months). All patients had large AC compressing the adjacent brain with clinical symptoms or signs. The authors performed extensive fenestration via single burr hole with the aid of endoscope. Being bypassed the rigid endoscope, through the space between the shaft of endoscope and guiding cannula (extra-channel method), fenestration procedures were done in the dry fields. Results : Eight (88.9%) patients had been treated successfully with endoscope. One patient required shunt procedure. Among the eight patients who were treated with endoscopic procedure, 6 patients (66.7%) showed cyst reduction, and two (22.2%) showed disappearance of cyst. Conclusion : We suggest that extra-channel method will be simple and easy to perform using more valuable instruments with wider working area, and may promise better results compared to the conventional intra-channel endoscopic procedures.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.224-229
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• 2015

Cyclic vomiting syndrome (CVS) is a functional disorder characterized by stereotypical episodes of intense vomiting separated by weeks to months. Although it can occur at any age, the most common age at presentation is 3-7 years. There is no gender predominance. The precise pathophysiology of CVS is not known but a strong association with migraine headaches, in the patient as well as the mother indicates that it may represent a mitochondriopathy. Studies have also suggested the role of an underlying autonomic neuropathy involving the sympathetic nervous system in its pathogenesis. CVS has known triggers in many individuals and avoiding these triggers can help prevent the onset of the episodes. It typically presents in four phases: a prodrome, vomiting phase, recovery phase and an asymptomatic phase until the next episode. Complications such as dehydration and hematemesis from Mallory Wise tear of the esophageal mucosa may occur in more severe cases. Blood and urine tests and abdominal imaging may be indicated depending upon the severity of symptoms. Brain magnetic resonance imaging and upper gastrointestinal endoscopy may also be indicated in certain circumstances. Management of an episode after it has started ('abortive treatment') includes keeping the patient in a dark and quiet room, intravenous hydration, ondansetron, sumatriptan, clonidine, and benzodiazepines. Prophylactic treatment includes cyproheptadine, propranolol and amitriptyline. No mortality has been reported as a direct result of CVS and many children outgrow it over time. A subset may develop other functional disorders like irritable bowel syndrome and migraine headaches.

• Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.141-147
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• 2006

PET detects only less than 50% of early gastric cancer and 62-98% of advanced gastric cancer. Therefore, mass screening programs are recommended for all adults over the age of 40 for early detection and early treatment of gastric cancer through endoscopy or various radiological tests. The most important step after being diagnosed with gastric cancer is accurate staging, which mainly evaluates tumor resectability to avoid unnecessary surgery. Important factors that affect tumor resectability are whether the tumor can be separated from adjacent organs or important blood vessels, the extent of lymph node metastasis, presence of peritoneal metastasis, or distant organ metastasis. To evaluate the extent of local tumor invasion, anatomical imaging that has superior spatial resolution is essential. There are a few studies on prognostic significance of FDG uptake with inconsistent results between them. In spite of lower sensitivities for lymph node staging, the specificities of CT and PET are very high, and the specificity for PET tends to be higher than that for CT. Limited data published so far show that PET seems less useful in the detection of lung and bone metastasis. In the evaluation of pleural or peritoneal metastasis, PET seems very specific but insensitive as well. When FDG uptake of the primary tumor is low, the distant metastasis is also known to show low FDG uptake reducing its detection. There are only a few data available in the evaluation of recurrence detection and treatment response using FDG PET.