Parirokh, Masoud;Yosefi, Mohammad Hosein;Nakhaee, Nouzar;Abbott, Paul V.;Manochehrifar, Hamed
Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
/
v.40
no.2
/
pp.155-160
/
2015
Objectives: Achieving adequate anesthesia with inferior alveolar nerve blocks (IANB) is of great importance during dental procedures. The aim of the present study was to assess the success rate of two anesthetic agents (bupivacaine and lidocaine) for IANB when treating teeth with irreversible pulpitis. Materials and Methods: Sixty volunteer male and female patients who required root canal treatment of a mandibular molar due to caries participated in the present study. The inclusion criteria included prolonged pain to thermal stimulus but no spontaneous pain. The patients were randomly allocated to receive either 2% lidocaine with 1:80,000 epinephrine or 0.5% bupivacaine with 1:200,000 epinephrine as an IANB injection. The sensitivity of the teeth to a cold test as well as the amount of pain during access cavity preparation and root canal instrumentation were recorded. Results were statistically analyzed with the Chi-Square and Fischer's exact tests. Results: At the final step, fifty-nine patients were included in the study. The success rate for bupivacaine and lidocaine groups were 20.0% and 24.1%, respectively. There was no significant difference between the two groups at any stage of the treatment procedure. Conclusions: There was no difference in success rates of anesthesia when bupivacaine and lidocaine were used for IANB injections to treat mandibular molar teeth with irreversible pulpitis. Neither agent was able to completely anesthetize the teeth effectively. Therefore, practitioners should be prepared to administer supplemental anesthesia to overcome pain during root canal treatment.
Tampelini, Fernanda Garcia;Coelho, Marcelo Santos;de Azevedo Rios, Marcos;Fontana, Carlos Eduardo;Rocha, Daniel Guimaraes Pedro;Pinheiro, Sergio Luiz;da Silveira Bueno, Carlos Eduardo
Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
/
v.42
no.3
/
pp.200-205
/
2017
Objectives: The aim of this in vivo study was to assess the accuracy of 2 third-generation electronic apex locators (EALs), Propex II (Dentsply Maillefer) and Root ZX II (J. Morita), and radiographic technique for locating the major foramen (MF). Materials and Methods: Thirty-two premolars with single canals that required extraction were included. Following anesthesia, access, and initial canal preparation with size 10 and 15 K-flex files and SX and S1 rotary ProTaper files, the canals were irrigated with 2.5% sodium hypochlorite. The length of the root canal was verified 3 times for each tooth using the 2 apex locators and once using the radiographic technique. Teeth were extracted and the actual WL was determined using size 15 K-files under a ${\times}25$ magnification. The Biostat 4.0 program (AnalystSoft Inc.) was used for comparing the direct measurements with those obtained using radiographic technique and the apex locators. Pearson's correlation analysis and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used for statistical analyses. Results: The measurements obtained using the visual method exhibited the strongest correlation with Root ZX II (r = 0.94), followed by Propex II (r = 0.90) and Ingle's technique (r = 0.81; p < 0.001). Descriptive statistics using ANOVA (Tukey's post hoc test) revealed significant differences between the radiographic measurements and both EALs measurements (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Both EALs presented similar accuracy that was higher than that of the radiographic measurements obtained with Ingle's technique. Our results suggest that the use of these EALs for MF location is more accurate than the use of radiographic measurements.
Apical sealing is essential for the success of surgical endodontic treatment. Root-end cavity is apt to be contaminated with moisture or blood, and is not always easy to be dried completely. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of dry methods of retrocavity on the apical seal in endodontic surgery. Apical seal was investigated through the evaluation of apical leakage and adaptation of filling material over the cavity wall. To investigate the influence of various dry methods on the apical leakage, 125 palatal roots of extracted human maxillary molar teeth were used. The clinical crown of each tooth was removed at 10 mm from the root apex using a slow-speed diamond saw and water spray. Root canals of the all the specimens were prepared with step-back technique and filled with gutta-percha by lateral condensation method. After removing of the coronal 2 mm of filling material, the access cavities were closed with Cavit$^{(R)}$. Two coats of nail polish were applied to the external surface of each root. Apical three millimeters of each root was resected perpendicular to the long axis of the root with a diamond saw. Class I retrograde cavities were prepared with ultrasonic instruments. Retrocavities were washed with physiologic saline solution and dried with various methods or contaminated with human blood. Retrocavities were filled either with IRM, Super EBA or composite resin. All the specimens were immersed in 2% methylene blue solution for 7 days in an incubator at $37^{\circ}C$. The teeth were dissolved in 14 ml of 35% nitric acid solution and the dye present within the root canal system was returned to solution. The leakage of dye was quantitatively measured via spectrophotometric method. The obtained data were analysed statistically using one-way ANOVA and Duncan's Multiple Range Test. To evaluate the influence of various dry methods on the adaptation of filling material over the cavity wall, 12 palatal roots of extracted human maxillary molar teeth were used. After all the roots were prepared and filled, and retrograde cavities were made and filled as above, roots were sectioned longitudinally. Filling-dentin interface of cut surfaces were examined by scanning electron microscope. The results were as follows: 1. Cavities dried with paper point or compressed air showed less leakage than those dried with cotton pellet in Super EBA filled cavity (p<0.05). However, there was no difference between paper point- and compressed air-dried cavities. 2. When cavities were dried with compressed air, dentin-bonded composite resin-filled cavities showed less apical leakage than IRM- or Super EBA-filled ones (p<0.05). 3. Regardless of the filling material, cavities contaminated with human blood showed significantly more apical leakage than those dried with compressed air after saline irrigation (p<0.05). 4. Outer half of the cavity showed larger dentin-filling interface gap than inner half did when cavities were filled with IRM or Super EBA. 5. In all the filling material groups, cavities contaminated with blood or dried with cotton pellets only showed larger defects at the base of the cavity than ones dried with paper points or compressed air.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of root resection and retrograde cavity preparation methods on the apical leakage in endodontic surgery. To investigate the effect of various root resection and retrograde cavity preparation methods on the apical leakage, 71 roots of extracted human maxillary anterior teeth and 44 mesiobuccal roots of extracted human maxillary first molars were used. Root canals of the all the specimens were prepared with step-back technique and filled with gutta-percha by lateral condensation method. Three millimeters of each root was resected at a 45 degree angle or perpendicular to the long axis of the tooth according to the groups. Retrograde cavities were prepared with ultrasonic instruments or a slow-speed round bur, and occlusal access cavities were filled with zinc oxide eugenol cement. Three coats of clear nail polish were placed on the lateral and coronal surfaces of the specimens except the apical cut one millimeter. All the specimens were immerged in 2% methylene blue solution for 7 days in an incubator at $37^{\circ}C$. The teeth were dissolved in 14 ml of 35% nitric acid solution and the dye present within the root canal system was returned to solution. The leakage of dye was quantitatively measured via spectrophotometric method. The obtained data were analysed statistically using two-way ANOVA and Duncans Multiple Range Test. The results were as follows: 1. No statistically significant difference was observed between ultrasonic retrograde cavity preparation method and slow-speed round bur technique, without apical bevel (p>0.05). 2. Ultrasonic retrograde preparation method showed significantly less apical leakage than slow-speed round bur technique, with bevel (p<0.0001). 3. No statistically significant difference was found between beveled resected root surface and non-beveled resected root surface, with ultrasonic technique (p>0.05). 4. Non-beveled resected root surface showed significantly less apical leakage than beveled resected root surface, with slow-speed round bur technique (p<0.0001). 5. No statistically significant difference in apical leakage was found between the group of retrograde cavity prepared parallel to the long axis of the tooth and the group of one prepared perpendicular to the long axis of the tooth (p>0.05). 6. Regarding isthmus preparation, ultrasonic retrograde preparation method showed significantly less apical leakage than slow-speed round bur technique, in the mesiobuccal root of maxillary molar, without bevel (p<0.0001).
There are many advantages when using IIF and DNA probe methods over anaerobic culture method in that they are time-and effort-saving, more precise and more sensitive. Furthermore, in IIF and DNA probe methods, the detection is possible only with small amount of bacteria, the quantitative analysis is possible, and the cell viability is not necessary. The purpose of this study is to observe the incidence of P.endodontalis by carrying out anaerobic culture, IIF and colony lift using DNA probe method respectively, and to compare these 3 methods in terms of effectiveness and sensitivity in order to identify the most effective detection method. 30 teeth with at least one clinical symptoms, with single canal, and with pulp necrosis were sampled. For sampling bacteria, access cavity was prepared after disinfecting tooth and its surroundings. Then the paper point was inserted up to the periapical area, leave there for a while, and finally it was placed into PRAS Ringer's sol. and PBS sol. In anaerobic culture method, P.endodontalis was identified by biochemical tests after subculturing black and brown colonies which were produced after 7 days of incubation on BAP and Brucella BAP in anaerobic chamber. To identify P.endodontalis in IIF method, species-specific polyclonal rabbit-antisera of P.endodontalis(ATCC 35406) was reacted with sampled PBS sol. dispensed onto glass slide, and then P.endodontalis was examined by phase contrast microscopy after incubating with Goat anti-rabbit lgG conjugated to Fluorescein isothiocyanate. For colony lift using DNA probe method, membranes were laid over colonies on the surface of BAP and were hybridized with cloned DNA probe of P.endodontalis. The existence of P.endodontalis was then identified by the methods of chemiluminescent detection and color metric detection. Black colony was found in 11 teeth out of 30 teeth and P.endodontalis was detected in 6 teeth (20 %) by anaerobic culture method, 16 teeth (53 %) by IIF method, and 7 teeth (23 %) by DNA probe method. IIF method is significantly better in detecting P.endodontalis than DNA probe method and anaerobic culture method. There was no significant differences between DNA probe method and anaerobic culture method. There was significant correlation between the formation of black colony and the existence of P.endodontalis. The probability of detecting P.endodontalis when black colony being present is 2.89 times higher than when not being present. There was significant relationship between the foul odor of clinical symptoms and P.endodontalis. The sensitivity of existing P.endodontalis when foul odor being present was 93.75 %, while the specificity of not existing P.endodontalis when foul odor not being present was 28.57 %. These results suggested that the probes of P.endodontalis will be used to decide the method and prognosis in endodontic treatments.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of four restorative materials under various occlusal loading conditions on the stress distribution at the CEJ of buccal. palatal surface and central groove of occlusal surface of endodontically treated maxillary second premolar, using a 3D finte element analysis. A 3D finite element model of human maxillary second premolar was endodontically treated. After endodontic treatment, access cavity was filled with Amalgam, resin, ceramic or gold of different mechanical properties. A static 500N forces were applied at the buccal (Load-1) and palatal cusp (Load-2) and a static 170N forces were applied at the mesial marginal ridge and palatal cusp simultaneously as centric occlusion (Load-3). Under 3-type Loading condition, the value of tensile stress was analyzed after 4-type restoration at the CEJ of buccal and palatal surface and central groove of occlusal surface Excessive high tensile stresses were observed along the palatal CEJ in Load-1 case and buccal CEJ in Load-2 in all of the restorations. There was no difference in magnitude of stress in relation to the type of restorations. Heavy tensile stress concentrations were observed around the loading point and along the central groove of occlusal surface in all of the restorations. There was slight difference in magnitude of stress between different types of restorations. High tensile stress concentrations around the loading points were observed and there was no difference in magnitude of stress between different types of restorations in Load-3.
Clinical suggestion for the limitation of application time of NaOCl solution is needed to avoid large reductions in resin-dentin bond strength. The aim of this study was to measure the change of ${\mu}$-tensile bond strength after the various application time of 5.25% NaOCl solution to pulp chamber dentin in endodontic access cavity, and to evaluate the effect of 10% sodium ascorbate application for 10 min on bond strength after the treatment of 5.25% NaOCl solution. In this experiment, there were no statistical differences(p > 0.05) in bond strengths between upper chamber dentin and lower chamber dentin. NaOCl-treated group for 20 min did not show any significant decrease(p > 0.05) in bond strength than non-treated control group. In contrast to that, bond strengths of NaOCl-treated groups for 40 & 80 min were significantly lower(p < 0.05) than that of non-treated control group. 10% sodium ascorbate retreated group for 10 min after 5.25% NaOCl application for 40 min to chamber dentin showed the recovery of bond strength significantly. However, the bond strength of sodium ascorbate retreated group after 5.25% NaOCl application for 80 min was still significantly lower(p < 0.05) compared to the non-treated control group, which means the reductions in resin-dentin bond strength were not fully reversed. On the contrary, sodium ascorbate retreated group after 5.25% NaOCl application for 5 min showed significantly higher(p < 0.05) bond strength compared to the control group, which demonstrates its superior recovery effect. In SEM exminations of specimens retreated with 10% sodium ascorbate after NaOCl application for 40 & 80 min showed that resin tags were formed clearly and densely, but weakly in density and homogeneity of individual resin tag compared to the control specimen.
The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of hydrogen peroxide at different application time and concentrations on the microtensile bond strength of resin restorations to the deep and the pulp chamber dentin. A conventional endodontic access cavity was prepared in each tooth, and then the teeth were randomly divided into 1 control group and 4 experimental groups as follows: Group 1, non treated; Group 2, with 20% Hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$); Group 3, with 10% $H_2O_2$; Group 4, with 5% $H_2O_2$; Group 5, with 2.5% $H_2O_2$; the teeth of all groups except group 1 were treated for 20, 10, and 5min. The treated teeth were filled using a Superbond C&B (Sun medical Co., Shiga, Japan). Thereafter, the specimens were stored in distilled water at $37^{\circ}C$ for 24-hours and then sectioned into the deep and the chamber dentin. The microtensile bond strength values of each group were analyzed by 3-way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc test(p < 0.05). In this study, the microtensile bond strength of the deep dentin (D1) was significantly greater than that of the pulp chamber dentin (D2) in the all groups tested. The average of microtensile bond strength was decreased as the concentration and the application time of $H_2O_2$ were increased. Analysis showed significant correlation effect not only between the depth of the dentin and the concentration of $H_2O_2$ but also between the concentration of H202 and the application time(p < 0.05), while no significant difference existed among these three variables(p > 0.05). The higher $H_2O_2$ concentration, the more opened dentinal tubules under a scanning electron microscope(SEM) examination.
본 웹사이트에 게시된 이메일 주소가 전자우편 수집 프로그램이나
그 밖의 기술적 장치를 이용하여 무단으로 수집되는 것을 거부하며,
이를 위반시 정보통신망법에 의해 형사 처벌됨을 유념하시기 바랍니다.
[게시일 2004년 10월 1일]
이용약관
제 1 장 총칙
제 1 조 (목적)
이 이용약관은 KoreaScience 홈페이지(이하 “당 사이트”)에서 제공하는 인터넷 서비스(이하 '서비스')의 가입조건 및 이용에 관한 제반 사항과 기타 필요한 사항을 구체적으로 규정함을 목적으로 합니다.
제 2 조 (용어의 정의)
① "이용자"라 함은 당 사이트에 접속하여 이 약관에 따라 당 사이트가 제공하는 서비스를 받는 회원 및 비회원을
말합니다.
② "회원"이라 함은 서비스를 이용하기 위하여 당 사이트에 개인정보를 제공하여 아이디(ID)와 비밀번호를 부여
받은 자를 말합니다.
③ "회원 아이디(ID)"라 함은 회원의 식별 및 서비스 이용을 위하여 자신이 선정한 문자 및 숫자의 조합을
말합니다.
④ "비밀번호(패스워드)"라 함은 회원이 자신의 비밀보호를 위하여 선정한 문자 및 숫자의 조합을 말합니다.
제 3 조 (이용약관의 효력 및 변경)
① 이 약관은 당 사이트에 게시하거나 기타의 방법으로 회원에게 공지함으로써 효력이 발생합니다.
② 당 사이트는 이 약관을 개정할 경우에 적용일자 및 개정사유를 명시하여 현행 약관과 함께 당 사이트의
초기화면에 그 적용일자 7일 이전부터 적용일자 전일까지 공지합니다. 다만, 회원에게 불리하게 약관내용을
변경하는 경우에는 최소한 30일 이상의 사전 유예기간을 두고 공지합니다. 이 경우 당 사이트는 개정 전
내용과 개정 후 내용을 명확하게 비교하여 이용자가 알기 쉽도록 표시합니다.
제 4 조(약관 외 준칙)
① 이 약관은 당 사이트가 제공하는 서비스에 관한 이용안내와 함께 적용됩니다.
② 이 약관에 명시되지 아니한 사항은 관계법령의 규정이 적용됩니다.
제 2 장 이용계약의 체결
제 5 조 (이용계약의 성립 등)
① 이용계약은 이용고객이 당 사이트가 정한 약관에 「동의합니다」를 선택하고, 당 사이트가 정한
온라인신청양식을 작성하여 서비스 이용을 신청한 후, 당 사이트가 이를 승낙함으로써 성립합니다.
② 제1항의 승낙은 당 사이트가 제공하는 과학기술정보검색, 맞춤정보, 서지정보 등 다른 서비스의 이용승낙을
포함합니다.
제 6 조 (회원가입)
서비스를 이용하고자 하는 고객은 당 사이트에서 정한 회원가입양식에 개인정보를 기재하여 가입을 하여야 합니다.
제 7 조 (개인정보의 보호 및 사용)
당 사이트는 관계법령이 정하는 바에 따라 회원 등록정보를 포함한 회원의 개인정보를 보호하기 위해 노력합니다. 회원 개인정보의 보호 및 사용에 대해서는 관련법령 및 당 사이트의 개인정보 보호정책이 적용됩니다.
제 8 조 (이용 신청의 승낙과 제한)
① 당 사이트는 제6조의 규정에 의한 이용신청고객에 대하여 서비스 이용을 승낙합니다.
② 당 사이트는 아래사항에 해당하는 경우에 대해서 승낙하지 아니 합니다.
- 이용계약 신청서의 내용을 허위로 기재한 경우
- 기타 규정한 제반사항을 위반하며 신청하는 경우
제 9 조 (회원 ID 부여 및 변경 등)
① 당 사이트는 이용고객에 대하여 약관에 정하는 바에 따라 자신이 선정한 회원 ID를 부여합니다.
② 회원 ID는 원칙적으로 변경이 불가하며 부득이한 사유로 인하여 변경 하고자 하는 경우에는 해당 ID를
해지하고 재가입해야 합니다.
③ 기타 회원 개인정보 관리 및 변경 등에 관한 사항은 서비스별 안내에 정하는 바에 의합니다.
제 3 장 계약 당사자의 의무
제 10 조 (KISTI의 의무)
① 당 사이트는 이용고객이 희망한 서비스 제공 개시일에 특별한 사정이 없는 한 서비스를 이용할 수 있도록
하여야 합니다.
② 당 사이트는 개인정보 보호를 위해 보안시스템을 구축하며 개인정보 보호정책을 공시하고 준수합니다.
③ 당 사이트는 회원으로부터 제기되는 의견이나 불만이 정당하다고 객관적으로 인정될 경우에는 적절한 절차를
거쳐 즉시 처리하여야 합니다. 다만, 즉시 처리가 곤란한 경우는 회원에게 그 사유와 처리일정을 통보하여야
합니다.
제 11 조 (회원의 의무)
① 이용자는 회원가입 신청 또는 회원정보 변경 시 실명으로 모든 사항을 사실에 근거하여 작성하여야 하며,
허위 또는 타인의 정보를 등록할 경우 일체의 권리를 주장할 수 없습니다.
② 당 사이트가 관계법령 및 개인정보 보호정책에 의거하여 그 책임을 지는 경우를 제외하고 회원에게 부여된
ID의 비밀번호 관리소홀, 부정사용에 의하여 발생하는 모든 결과에 대한 책임은 회원에게 있습니다.
③ 회원은 당 사이트 및 제 3자의 지적 재산권을 침해해서는 안 됩니다.
제 4 장 서비스의 이용
제 12 조 (서비스 이용 시간)
① 서비스 이용은 당 사이트의 업무상 또는 기술상 특별한 지장이 없는 한 연중무휴, 1일 24시간 운영을
원칙으로 합니다. 단, 당 사이트는 시스템 정기점검, 증설 및 교체를 위해 당 사이트가 정한 날이나 시간에
서비스를 일시 중단할 수 있으며, 예정되어 있는 작업으로 인한 서비스 일시중단은 당 사이트 홈페이지를
통해 사전에 공지합니다.
② 당 사이트는 서비스를 특정범위로 분할하여 각 범위별로 이용가능시간을 별도로 지정할 수 있습니다. 다만
이 경우 그 내용을 공지합니다.
제 13 조 (홈페이지 저작권)
① NDSL에서 제공하는 모든 저작물의 저작권은 원저작자에게 있으며, KISTI는 복제/배포/전송권을 확보하고
있습니다.
② NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 상업적 및 기타 영리목적으로 복제/배포/전송할 경우 사전에 KISTI의 허락을
받아야 합니다.
③ NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 보도, 비평, 교육, 연구 등을 위하여 정당한 범위 안에서 공정한 관행에
합치되게 인용할 수 있습니다.
④ NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 무단 복제, 전송, 배포 기타 저작권법에 위반되는 방법으로 이용할 경우
저작권법 제136조에 따라 5년 이하의 징역 또는 5천만 원 이하의 벌금에 처해질 수 있습니다.
제 14 조 (유료서비스)
① 당 사이트 및 협력기관이 정한 유료서비스(원문복사 등)는 별도로 정해진 바에 따르며, 변경사항은 시행 전에
당 사이트 홈페이지를 통하여 회원에게 공지합니다.
② 유료서비스를 이용하려는 회원은 정해진 요금체계에 따라 요금을 납부해야 합니다.
제 5 장 계약 해지 및 이용 제한
제 15 조 (계약 해지)
회원이 이용계약을 해지하고자 하는 때에는 [가입해지] 메뉴를 이용해 직접 해지해야 합니다.
제 16 조 (서비스 이용제한)
① 당 사이트는 회원이 서비스 이용내용에 있어서 본 약관 제 11조 내용을 위반하거나, 다음 각 호에 해당하는
경우 서비스 이용을 제한할 수 있습니다.
- 2년 이상 서비스를 이용한 적이 없는 경우
- 기타 정상적인 서비스 운영에 방해가 될 경우
② 상기 이용제한 규정에 따라 서비스를 이용하는 회원에게 서비스 이용에 대하여 별도 공지 없이 서비스 이용의
일시정지, 이용계약 해지 할 수 있습니다.
제 17 조 (전자우편주소 수집 금지)
회원은 전자우편주소 추출기 등을 이용하여 전자우편주소를 수집 또는 제3자에게 제공할 수 없습니다.
제 6 장 손해배상 및 기타사항
제 18 조 (손해배상)
당 사이트는 무료로 제공되는 서비스와 관련하여 회원에게 어떠한 손해가 발생하더라도 당 사이트가 고의 또는 과실로 인한 손해발생을 제외하고는 이에 대하여 책임을 부담하지 아니합니다.
제 19 조 (관할 법원)
서비스 이용으로 발생한 분쟁에 대해 소송이 제기되는 경우 민사 소송법상의 관할 법원에 제기합니다.
[부 칙]
1. (시행일) 이 약관은 2016년 9월 5일부터 적용되며, 종전 약관은 본 약관으로 대체되며, 개정된 약관의 적용일 이전 가입자도 개정된 약관의 적용을 받습니다.