• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.150-157
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• 2011

In this study we described reproduction study of Korean endemic species, Acheilognathus koreensis and three other acheilognathinae species A. signifer, Rhodeus pseudosericeus, and R. uyekii. Morphology of egg shape and larvae just hatched is unique by the species respectively. There is no interrelation factor between size of female and number of spawned eggs per one time. Minium water temperature for spawning of A. koreensis was observed in $13.0^{\circ}C$ having low hatching rate with 43.5 percent. The egg of A. koreensis began to hatch approximately 79 hours after insemination. As higher as water temperature until $22.0^{\circ}C$ hatching elapsed time for developing eggs of A. koreensis and three species in this study was shortened. A. koreensis was grew up to be a adult enough which can be join to new production for three hundred days after hatching with 52.4 mm in total length. This reproduction study will be applied to preservation of Korean endemic fresh water fishes basically.

• Journal of Species Research
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.159-163
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• 2021

Saussurea albifolia, a new species, is reported from the Baekdudaegan Mountains. It has distinctive morphological characteristics that distinguish it from other congeneric species of Saussurea in Korea; radical leaves persist or withered till flowering, white tomentose leaf beneath, campanulate involucre with brown-cobwebby hairs, and dark purplish phyllaries with acuminate tips. Saussurea albifolia is a new, endemic species, narrowly restricted to the Korean Peninsula as a consequence of adaptation to alpine or subalpine environments of the Baekdudaegan Area. Among the Korean species of Saussurea, S. gracilis Maxim., S. insularis Kitam., and S. seoulensis Nakai are morphologically similar to S. albifolia by having leaves with white hairs beneath and persistent radical leaves during blooming period. It has been well understood that Saussurea is one of the highly diversified and adaptable groups in Asteraceae and also that the currently recognized species in Korea likely significant underestimates its diversity on the Korean Peninsula.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.529-536
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• 2015

This study was performed to provide important basic data for the preservation and management of Scopura laminata, a species endemic to Korea, by elucidating the spatial characteristics of its present, potential, and future distribution areas. Currently, this species is found in the Odaesan National Park area of South Korea and has been known to be restricted in its habitat due to its poor mobility, as even fully grown insects do not have wings. Utilizing the MaxEnt model, 20 collection points around Odaesan National Park were assessed to analyze and predict spatial distribution characteristics. The precision of the MaxEnt model was excellent, with an AUC value of 0.833. Variables affecting the potential distribution area of S. laminata by more than 10% included the range of annual temperature, seasonality of precipitation, and precipitation of the driest quarter, in order of greatest to least impact. Compared to the current potential distribution area, no significant difference in the overall habitable area was predicted for the 2050s or 2070s. It was, however, demonstrated that the potential habitable area would be reduced in the 2050s by up to 270.3 km from the current area of 403.9 km; further, no potential habitable area was anticipated by the 2070s according to our predictive model. Taken together, it is anticipated that this endemic species could be significantly affected by climate changes, and hence effective countermeasures are strongly warranted for the preservation of habitats and species management.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.79-88
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• 1999

The fish fauna, notified species, and fish community was studied at the six stations in a 18km section of the Ungchon stream, a mountain stream in Korea, where a new dam is planned from 1994 to 1996. Twentynine species (11 families, 25 genera) were found. Nine species were endemic to Korea. The Dominant specie in the studied area were Zacco temmincki, Z. platypus and Squalidus gracilis majimae. Some of the korean endemic species (Coreoperca herzi) including the Korean endangered species such as Pseudopungtudgia nigra and Liobagrus obesus were not found in this stream anymore. The average of area density was 0.69 individuals per square meter and the volume density was 1.45 individuals per cubic meter. Species diversity was highest in the middle region. According to community correlation coefficients of six stations, similality coefficients of station one, four, five and six were higher than others, but no significant difference in the composition of fish fauna was found between six study staions.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.379-388
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• 2010

Adenophora racemosa is recently reported as a new Korean endemic plant species. However, the phylogenetic relationship of this genus has been controversial due to the morphological similarity and frequent morphological change of aerial parts. To verify the phylogenetic position of Adenophora racemosa and phylogenetic relationship of genus Adenophora, we analyzed the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence of nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA) and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) using 21 individual of 6 Adenophora species, A. verticillata, A. divaricata, A. racemosa, A. remotiflora, A. stricata and A. tetraphylla. In comparative analysis of the nrDNA-ITS sequences, we could not found not only any species specific nucleotide sequence but also could not estimated their inter or intra species. In the phylogenic analysis based on the RAPD derived DNA polymorphism, Adenophora species were classified into four groups by clustering analysis of the UPGMA. These results suggest that the DNA fingerprinting based on RAPD is more suitable than nrDNA-ITS sequence for the phylogenetic analysis of Adenophora species.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.343-350
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• 2020

Tofieldia ulleungensis, a new species of the genus Tofieldia from the Nari Basin on Ulleungdo Island, Korea, is described and illustrated. The new species is similar to T. yoshiiana var. koreana in terms of the plant height and in that it has having a long raceme, whitish tepals, and whitish stigma, but can be readily distinguished from the latter by the presence of 1-2 linear cauline leaves, a slightly bent leaf apex, basal leaves which are twice as wide, a shorter pedicel, a revolute style, and crescent-shaped seeds.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.256-260
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• 2010

We performed the floristic study of Carpathian mountains in Ukraine from April 2008 till October 2009. We designated eight important areas to investigate in Ukraine Carpathians including Svydovets, Chornohora, Kuziy-Trybushany, Maramorosh, Uholka-Shyrokyi Luh, Narcissi Valley, Chorna Hora, and Yulivska Hora. The total numbers of vascular plants in investigated area were 1,349 speices from 502 genera and 112 families. The endemic species to Carpathians numbered to 65 from 49 genera belonging to 24 families, and it was corresponded to 4.8% of the 1,349 vascular species. We prepared the list of vascular plants with compiling database on useful plants. Ukraine Carpathians endemic species could be applied as high value products in research and practice. Moreover, the flora of Carpathian mountains which is distributed in five nations in eastern Europe and famous for Primeval Beech Forests (Fagus sylvatica), is useful to compare the floristic study with Korean flora.

• Journal of Species Research
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.183-194
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• 2014

As part of a study to understand the current status of Korean plant species propagated in foreign countries, we conducted extensive surveys on Korean living collections in the Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University, the oldest public arboretum in North America. Specifically, we collected and identified the voucher specimens of the living collections and further examined the collection databases to understand the history of how Korean plants were introduced to the Arboretum. We found that a total of 154 Korean taxa (belonging to 49 families and 81 genera) have been planted in the arboretum. Most plants originated from seeds that were directly collected in Korea or obtained via seed exchanges with botanical gardens in Asia, Europe, and U.S.A. Of the 154 taxa, 16 are Korean endemic species, and three are listed as endangered species. In addition, 62 taxa are as floristic regional indicator species of Korea used by the Ministry of Environment.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.98 no.5
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• pp.531-538
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• 2009

We used enzyme electrophoresis to evaluate genetic diversity in five populations of endemic ash, Fraxinus chiisanensis in Korea. Of 15 putative allozyme loci examined 26.7% were polymorphic and expected heterozygosity for the species was low (0.082). Within the range, population were highly differentiated ($F_{ST}$=0.356) and little genetic variation was explained by geography. The pattern of distribution of variation showed low genetic variation within populations and pronounced divergence among populations, which was consistent with the prediction for the effects of limited gene flow and local genetic erosion. Although the frequencies of male plants were dominant ranging from 79.3% to 89.4%, most mating events seems to be inevitable mating between relatives in small populations based on heterozygote deficiency of this species. Small effective population size and the limited dispersal contributed to the low rates of gene flow within as well as between populations.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.79-101
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• 2023

Following recent taxonomic, distributional, and nomenclatural revisions, an updated checklist of endemic plants on the Korean Peninsula is needed. This study provides an updated checklist of vascular plants endemic to the Korean Peninsula and describes their distribution within administrative provinces. The revised checklist includes 373 endemic taxa (304 species, six subspecies, 49 varieties, and 14 nothospecies) from 179 genera and 64 families, representing 9.5% of the total native flora of the Korean Peninsula. Asteraceae (41 taxa), Ranunculaceae (29 taxa), Liliaceae s.l. (24 taxa), and Rosaceae (22 taxa) were the most widely represented families. Compared with the most recent checklist published in 2017, 39 taxa were excluded from the checklist; one taxon was excluded because it did not have a valid published name, seven taxa were excluded because their natural habitats extended to neighboring countries, four taxa were excluded because they were treated as a rank form, and 27 taxa were excluded because they had been identified as heterotypic synonyms of taxa distributed outside of the Korean Peninsula. Fifty-two new taxa were included based on the literature. This checklist will help to focus conservation efforts and provide a framework for research, protection, and policy implementation related to these endemic taxa.