• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.64 no.2
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• pp.49-59
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• 2021

Since the initial International Society of Heart Lung Transplantation registry was published in 1982, the number of pediatric heart transplantations has increased markedly, reaching a steady state of 500-550 transplantation annually and occupying up to 10% of total heart transplantations. Heart transplantation is considered an established therapeutic option for patients with end-stage heart disease. The long-term outcomes of pediatric heart transplantations were comparable to those of adults. Issues affecting long-term outcomes include acute cellular rejection, antibody-mediated rejection, cardiac allograft vasculopathy, infection, prolonged renal dysfunction, and malignancies such as posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder. This article focuses on medical issues before pediatric heart transplantation, according to the Korean Network of Organ Sharing registry and as well as major problems such as graft rejection and cardiac allograft vasculopathy. To reduce graft failure rate and improve long-term outcomes, meticulous monitoring for rejection and medication compliance are also important, especially in adolescents.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Computer Information Conference
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• 2019.01a
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• pp.387-388
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• 2019

As malicious apps vary significantly across Android malware, it is challenging to prevent that the end-users download apps from unsecured app markets. In this paper, we propose an approach to classify the malicious methods based on permissions using Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) that is used to embed the semantics among Intent and permissions. Then the malicious method that is an unsecured method will be removed and re-uploaded to official market. This approach may induce that the end-users download apps from official market in order to reduce the risk of attacks.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.423-428
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• 2017

Vestibular compensation is a recovery process from vestibular symptoms over time after unilateral loss of peripheral vestibular end organs. The aim of the present study was to observe time-dependent changes in long-term potentiation (LTP) at Schaffer collateral-CA1 synapses in the CA1 area of the hippocampus during vestibular compensation. The input-output (I/O) relationships of fEPSP amplitudes and LTP induced by theta burst stimulation to Schaffer's collateral commissural fibers were evaluated from the CA1 area of hippocampal slices at 1 day, 1 week, and 1 month after unilateral labyrinthectomy (UL). The I/O relationships of fEPSPs in the CA1 area was significantly reduced within 1 week post-op and then showed a non-significant reduction at 1 month after UL. Compared with sham-operated animals, there was a significant reduction of LTP induction in the hippocampus at 1 day and 1 week after UL. However, LTP induction levels in the CA1 area of the hippocampus also returned to those of sham-operated animals 1 month following UL. These data suggest that unilateral injury of the peripheral vestibular end organs results in a transient deficit in synaptic plasticity in the CA1 hippocampal area at acute stages of vestibular compensation.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.268-272
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• 2013

This study is designed as pilot study to report the efficacy and safety of long term medication of Oncheongeum-gamibang on atopic dermatitis. The patient of atopic dermatitis was asked to take Oncheongeum-gamibang for 3 months. Every end of month, he had gotten hematological test and SCORAD Index examination. After the clinical trial was done, he had additional examination to see the changes and duration of medicinal effect. During the period of taking Onchung-um, estimation of symptoms by SCORAD Index examination showed little bit of improvement while taking medicine and after one month, the improvement was maintained. There were no significant changes in hematologic test and liver function test during and at the end of the clinical trial. We were able to find out that it is effective and safe to take long term medication of Oncheongeum-gamibang for an individual. However, due to deficiency of the cases and immunological values, there will be additional study to make up for better result.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.56 no.3
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• pp.1100-1107
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• 2024

The nuclear waste attributes of near-term deployable SMRs were assessed using established nuclear waste metrics, which are the DU mass, SNF mass, volume, activity, decay heat, radiotoxicity, and decommissioning LLW volumes. Metrics normalized per unit electricity generation were compared to a reference large PWR. Three SMRs, VOYGR, Natrium, and Xe-100, were selected because they represent a range of reactor and fuel technologies and are active designs deployable by the decade's end. The SMR nuclear waste attributes show both some similarities to the PWR and some significant differences caused by reactor-specific design features. The DU mass is equivalent to or slightly higher than the PWR. Back-end waste attributes for SNF disposition vary, but the differences have a limited impact on long-term repository isolation. SMR designs can vary significantly in SNF volume (and thus heat generation density). However, these differences are amenable to design optimization for handling, storage, transportation, and disposal technologies. Nuclear waste attributes from decommissioning vary depending on design and decommissioning technology choices. Given the analysis results in this study and assuming appropriate waste management system and operational optimization, there appear to be no major challenges to managing SMR nuclear wastes compared to the reference PWR.

• Electronics and Telecommunications Trends
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.55-64
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• 2019

In this study, we introduce trends in neural-network-based deep learning research applied to dialogue systems. Recently, end-to-end trainable goal-oriented dialogue systems using long short-term memory, sequence-to-sequence models, among others, have been studied to overcome the difficulties of domain adaptation and error recognition and recovery in traditional pipeline goal-oriented dialogue systems. In addition, some research has been conducted on applying reinforcement learning to end-to-end trainable goal-oriented dialogue systems to learn dialogue strategies that do not appear in training corpora. Recent neural network models for end-to-end trainable chit-chat systems have been improved using dialogue context as well as personal and topic information to produce a more natural human conversation. Unlike previous studies that have applied different approaches to goal-oriented dialogue systems and chit-chat systems respectively, recent studies have attempted to apply end-to-end trainable approaches based on deep neural networks in common to them. Acquiring dialogue corpora for training is now necessary. Therefore, future research will focus on easily and cheaply acquiring dialogue corpora and training with small annotated dialogue corpora and/or large raw dialogues.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.149-158
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• 2011

Metal waste generated from the pyroprocessing of 10 MtU of spent fuel was classified by comparing the specific activity of a relevant radionuclide with the limit value of the specific activity specified in the Korean acceptance criteria for a lowand intermediate-level waste repository. A Korean Optimized Fuel Assembly design with a 17${\times}$17 array, an initial enrichment of 4.5 weight-percent, discharge burn-up of 55 GWD/MtU, and a 10-year cooling time was considered. Initially, the mass and volume of each structural component of the assembly were calculated in detail, and a source term analysis was subsequently performed using ORIGEN-S for these components. An activation cross-section library generated by the KENO-VI/ORIGEN-S module was utilized for top-end and bottom-end pieces. As a result, an Inconel grid plate, a SUS plenum spring, a SUS guide tube subpart, SUS top-end and bottom-end pieces, and an Inconel top-end leaf spring were determined to be unacceptable for the Gyeongju low- and intermediate-level waste repository, as these waste products exceeded the acceptance criteria. In contrast, a Zircaloy grid plate and guide tube can be placed in the Gyeongju repository. Non-contaminated Zircaloy cladding occupying 76% of the metal waste was found to have a lower level of specific activity than the limit value. However, Zircaloy cladding contaminated by fission products and actinides during the decladding process of pyroprocessing was revealed to have 52 and 2 times higher specific activity levels than the limit values for alpha and $^{90}Sr$, respectively. Finally, it was found that 88.7% of the metal waste from the 17${\times}$17 Korean Optimized Fuel Assembly design should be disposed of in a deep geological repository. Therefore, it can be summarized that separation technology with a higher decontamination factor for transuranics and strontium should be developed for the efficient management of metal waste resulting from pyroprocessing.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.369-380
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• 1981

In this department 504 cases of valve replacement were done since 1968 to the end of October 1981. Since October 31, 1978 to the end of October 1981 ,333 Ionescu-Shiley bovine pericardial xenograft bioprosthetic cardiac valves were replaced in 265 patients. There were 149 males and 116 female. Ages ranged from 2 to 63 years with 25 cases under 15 years of age. Among 265 cases of Ionescu valve replacement there were 157 MVR, 36 VAR, 6 TVR, 45 MVR+ AVR, 16 MVR+TVR and 5 MVR+AVR+TVR cases with mortality of 5.7%, 8.3%, 16.7%, 8.9%, 18.8% and 20% for each group respectively. Over all mortality rate in 265 Ionescu valve replacement cases was 7.9% with 21 total deaths. Main causes of operative deaths were due to LCOS in 7, bleeding in 5, arrhythmia in 3, air embolism in 2,and heart block in 2 cases. There were 12 late complications with 6 deaths. Over all long-term survival rate was 89.8%. MVR showed the highest long-term survival rate with 92.4%, and MVR+AVR+TVR the lower with 80% lower with 80%.Average follow-up period was 14 month duration. Twenty five congenital anomaly cases were operated with Ionescu-valve replacement that consisted of 7 VSD+AI, and 5 Ebstein anomaly cases with over all operative mortality of 16% and late mortality of 14.3% among 21 operative survivors. There were 25 Ionescu valve replacement cases in pediatric patients under the age of 15 years, with 4 operative deaths. Fourteen MVR, 7 AVR, and 3 TVR cases were found. Even though long-term follow-up study was short in postoperative period with total of 33~.0 months among 244 operative survivors ranging one to 36 months, the late survivors showed beneficial long-term results two thromboembolic episodes in 244 patients were found. More cases and longer term follow-up study are warranted for valve replacement in pediatric and TVR cases with Ionescu-valves which have advantageous hemodynamic structures compared with other bio-prosthetic heart valves.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.572-584
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore the subjective experience of job stress among nurses working in long-term care hospitals. Methods: A phenomenological approach was used for the study. Data were collected from May to June, 2016 using open-ended questions during in-depth interviews. Participants were nurses working in long-term care hospitals and had reported experiences of stress. Six nurses participated in this study. Results: Six themes emerged from the analysis using Colaizzi's method: (a) Heavy workload and responsibility due to nurse shortage, (b) Getting exhausted by caring for cognitively impaired patients, (c) Feeling pressure due to conflict with patients' family, (d) compassion for patients who are getting worse, (e) Low value in being a long-term hospital nurse, and (f) Efforts to overcome stress. Conclusion: Sufficient labor supply, environmental improvements, program for improving interpersonal skills, education and counseling on end-of-life care, and recognition improvement about long term hospital are suggested to reduce the job stress of long-term hospital nurses.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2022.06a
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• pp.74-82
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• 2022

Improving long-term performance in highway projects is an imperative goal for public administrations. Project delivery and procurement methods might provide an opportunity to align design and construction processes with this goal. Previous studies have explored whether project delivery methods impact the long-term performance of highway projects. However, these studies did not focus specifically on how core elements within the procurement might relate to long-term performance. Thus, this research aims to fill this gap by exploring to what extent and how long-term evaluation criteria are considered in design-build best-value procurement of highway projects. To this end, content analysis was conducted on 100 projects procured between 2009 and 2019 by 19 DOTs across the U.S. The analysis of 365 evaluation criteria found that (1) roughly 11% of them related to long-term performance. (2) The weight given to these criteria in the overall technical proposal was lower than 30%. (3) Sixty-five percent (65%) of long-term evaluation criteria focused on design while 15% related to materials and technology, respectively. The results of this study are a first steppingstone to initiate a deep exploration of the relationship between procurement practices and actual project performance. Currently, with sustainability and life cycle assessments being top concerns in infrastructure projects, this line of research might be of particular interest to DOTs and highway agencies across the U.S. and worldwide.