• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.254-259
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• 1992

The processing conditions and food components of meaty textured sardine burgers were studied to develope a new form of burger, The separated sardine meat was chopped, mixed with 14.1% emulsion curd, 1.5% table salt, 2.0% sugar, 0.4% sodium bicarbonate, 0.2% polyphosphate, 0.1% monosodium glutamate, 8.0% bread powder, 0.4% onion powder, 0.1% garlic powder, 0.1% ginger powder and 3.0% soybean protein by remodeled stone mortar. This seasoned sardine meat was fried in soybean oil $(165{\pm}2^{\circ}C,\;3min)$. The main fatty acids of sardine burger were palmitic acid, oletic, acid, linoleic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid. Amino acid composition of sardine burger were mainly consisted of histidine, glutamic acid, leucine and lysine. The major taste compounds in the product were revealed nucleotides and their related compounds $(11.19{\sim}11.96\;{\mu}mole/g)$ such as IMP and free amino acids (1824.8 mg/100g) such as histidine, glutamic acid, leucine and lysine. Total creatinine, betaine and trimethylamine oxide were seemed to act an auxiliary role in taste of product.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.263-269
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• 2016

BACKGROUND: The personal protective equipments (PPEs) is the most important factor for reducing the pesticide exposure during the preparation and spraying of pesticides. This study was to investigate the retention, repellence and penetration of protective clothing of PPEs according to the ISO 22608 'Liquid penetration resistance-pipette test. Protective clothing for agriculture worker is very important for their health. However, test method for measurement of protective clothing is not presented in Korea. METHODS AND RESULTS: In order to measure the retention, repellence and penetration of protective clothing, a apparatus for pipette method in accordance with the ISO Guideline was prepared. The test was conducted at $25{\pm}5^{\circ}C$, $60{\pm}10%$ of relative humidity and pipette applied to a apparatus was validated to take exact amount(0.2 mL). The retention, repellence and penetration of five types of protective clothing and one type of shirt were analyzed by GC/MS. Pendimethalin(5% a.i, emulsion) was used as a test pesticide to measure above factors. The retention were less than 11.0% with the exclusion of two types(F4 and shirt) and the repellency was more than 67.0% with the exclusion of shirt material. The penetration was less than 5.4%, however, that of shirt was 66.7%. CONCLUSION: This results indicated that all protective clothing were suitable to use as PPEs according to the criteria specified by ISO Guide 22608. However, shirt was not suitable due to high penetration. This test method established for measurement the retention, repellence and penetration of protective clothing will help to establish the test notice of pipette method.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.489-496
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• 1992

The division, distribution and migration of the macroglial cells in the juvenile mouse brain were investigated with the radioautography. Forty mice (ICR) were randomly subdivided into two groups. The twenty mice from group 1 were weighing initially 5 to 6g, aged 10 to 12 days and were sacrificied at 2 hrs, 2, 3, 5, 7, 10, 15 and 20 days after a single intraperitoneal injection of $^3H$-thymichine ($4{\mu}$ Ci/g of body weight). Twenty mice from group 2 were weighing intially 2.5 to 5g, aged 3 to 8 days and were sacrificed at 2 hrs, 2, 3, 5. 7, 10, 15 and 20 days after a single($4{\mu}$ Ci/g of body weight) and/or after intraperitoneal repeated injections($2{\mu}$ Ci/g of body weight/interval) at 2, 3 and 5 days after the first injection. The brain preparations were processed for autoradiogrouphy using Kodak NTB-3 emulsion following development in Kodak D-19, fixation in Kodak fixer, and then stained with cresyl echt violet or hematoxylin counterstain. The labeling index of the ectodermal glial cells in the subependymal layers of the lateral ventricles (SLLV), corpus callosum (CC), molecular layer of the neocortex (MLN ), inner layer except the molecular layer in the neocortex (ILN) and medulla of the cerebrum (MC) were invested. 1. Labeling cells appeared from 2 hour and some of them sustained in the 20 day after injection. In the single injection group, the peak of the labeling index reached a 7.6% at 3 day, 3.6% at 7 day, 3.3% at 2 day, 5.0% at 3 day and 2.3% at 2 day from the SLLV. CC, MLN, ILN and MC, respectively. In the repeated injecton group, the peak of the labeling index reached a 32.0 at 7 day, 11.0% at 10 day, 89% at 7 day, 16.0% at 10 day and 10.8% at 15 day from the SLLV, CC, MLN, ILM and MC, respectively. 2 The glial cells of the SLLV were recognized as to be migrated into the CC and to be not or less to be into the MC and ILN but to be not into the MLN. Glial cell aggregates in the neocotex and MC were recognized as to be proliferated and then disappeared in the itself regions.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.93-99
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• 1996

This study was designed to investigate the effect of estrogen(Est) on the progestcrone(Prog) target cells by autoradiography. The spayed 16 mice(ICR, approximately 18~25g) were randomly alloted into 3 groups. $^3H$-Prog-treated group were injected with $40{\mu}Ci$ of $^3H$-Prog/mouse/day for 1 day, Est + $^3H$-Prog-treated group with $20{\mu}Ci$ of $17{\beta}$-Est/mouse/day for 3 days and then with $40{\mu}Ci$ of $^3H$-Prog/mouse at 4th day, and Est+$^3H$-thymidine(TdR)-treated group with $20{\mu}g$ of $17{\beta}$-Est/mouse/day for 3 days and then $80{\mu}Ci$ of $^3H$-TdR/mouse at 4th days. 1. Mice uteri of both Est+$^3H$-Prog-treated group and Est+$^3H$-TdR-treated group were hypemophied in gross finding and the endometrium and myometrium were thickened in microscopic findings. These findings were confirmed that Est enlarged the uteri of mice. 2. Cryo-preparations of mice organs were processed for autoradiography using Kodak NTB-2 emulsion following Kodak D-19 developer and hematoxylin counterstain. In each group, the number values of silver grain distribution appeared to be higher in the $^3H$-Prog-treated group than in the Est+$^3H$-Prog-treated group. It was considered that Est and Prog inhibit each other in action. 3. In both $^3H$-Prog-treated group and Est+$^3H$-Prog-treated group, the uteri have highest distribution rates of silver grains than in other organs, and the cerebral neurons, hepatocytes, bronchiolar epithelial cells and splenic reticular cells also contained some silver grains. 4. The orders of the cell types with more number of silver grains in the uteri were stromal cells, glandular epithelial cells, luminal surface cells and muscular cells and also were as above orders in distribution of proliferating cell type by $^3H$-TdR.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.19-25
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• 2008

This study was carried out to investigate the bending strength properties of the unreinforced glulam beams and the GFRP laminated glulam beams according to the volume ratio of GFRP. The 7-layer glulam beams ($10cm(b){\times}14cm(h){\times}180cm(l)$) were manufactured, using Larch (Larix kaempferi Carr.) laminae ($2cm(h){\times}10cm(b){\times}360cm(l)$), which were dried to the moisture content of 8% and specific gravity of 0.54. GPRP of 0.1 and 0.3 cm was reinforced between the outmost layer of bottom and next layer. When the glulam beams were reinforced with GFRP at the volume ratio of 0.7% and 2.1%, respectively, the bending strength was increased by 12% and 28%, respectively, in the reinforced beams than in control glulam beams. Also, the GFRP reinforced layer of the glulam beams with GFRP laminations blocked the progression of rupture, and the unbroken part held about 90% of the bending strength. In the results of glue joints test, the block shear strength is higher than $7.1N/mm^2$, the standard of KS F3021, and in the result of delamination, the adhesive strength is good as the water soaking and boiling delamination was less than 5%.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.445-460
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• 2017

This study was carried out for three years from 2013 to 2015 to investigate the actual condition of pest control of domestic persimmon organically cultivated farmers, to select environment - friendly pest control materials for major pests, and to conduct field test of established control system. The main cultivated cultivar of the reader farmer of organic cultivation was "Buyou" and sprayed organic agricultural material 9~17 times per year for pest control. The most harmful pests were anthracnose, bugs, persimmon fruit worm, and scales, etc. The control materials used were organic lime sulfur mixture, red clay sulfur, emulsifier, bordeaux solution, and self-made plant extracts using garlic, ginkgo nut and pine tree. The effective materials for controlling anthrax were lime sulfur mixture and red clay sulfur. Garlic oil + citronella emulsion, shrubby sophora seed extract + tea extract was effective to control Riptortus clavatus and Euproctis subflava. When installed 60 ea per 10a of mating disruption trap in a sweet orchard, the fruit setting rate was improved by 30%. The results of field test of control system to control 10 times a year in organically grown persimmons were able to harvest fruit of 70.7%. However, since any kinds of pesticides can not be sprayed during the harvest season in September and October, the damaged by bugs did not decreased, and further research is needed.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.181-186
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• 2007

Inhibitor of DNA binding protein or inhibitor of differentiation(Id) is largely considered as positive and/or negative regulators of proliferation, differentiation, angiogeneisis, and apoptosis. The four Id genes(Id1, Id2, Id3, and Id4) were known in mammals. However, little is known about the expression and function of these genes in reproductive physiology. Among them, this study was conducted to analyze the expression pattern of Id3 mRNA on folliculogenesis in rat ovary. After PMSG administration, the ovaries were obtained at 3, 6, 12, 24, 36, and 48hrs, fixed, dehydrated, and paraffin embedded. For in situ hybridization, anti-sense and sense Id3 cRNA probes were prepared and applied to the ovarian section. The ovarian sections were coated with NTB-2 emulsion. After that, the slides were developed and counterstained with hematoxylin and eosin staining. The hybridization signal was estimated on a scale of 1+ to 4+. In oocyte, the intensity of Id3 mRNA in primordial and primary follicles was scored at ${\geq}2+$, but the intensity was less than 1+ in secondary, dominant, and preovulatory follicles. In granulosa cells, the Id3 mRNA was strongly expressed(3+ or 4+) in dominant and preovulatory follicles. Taken together, Id3 mRNA was expressed specifically at follicle stages and follicular tissue and might be closely related with follicle development.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.498-504
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• 1989

Processing conditions and food components of frozen seasoned anchovy meat products were investigated. The separated anchovy meat was chopped, mixed with 12.8% emulsion curd, 0.5% table salt, 2.0% sugar, 0.4% sodium bicarbonate, 0.2% polyphosphate, 0.2% monosodium glutamate, 0.3% onion powder, 0.1% garlic powder, 0.1% ginger powder, 3.0% soybean protein, and 0.2% sodium erythorbate by remodeled stone mortar. This seasoned anchovy meat was frozen with contact freezer, Packed in a carton box and then stored at $-25{\pm}2^{\circ}C$. The major fat acids of product were linoleic, oleic, palmitic, docosahexaenoic, linolenic, palmitoleic, eicosapentaenoic acid. Amino acid composition of product were mainly consisted of Glu, Asp, Leu, Lys and Ala. The taste compounds of product were IMP 160.0 mg/100g ; free amino acids such as Glu, His, Ala, Leu 503.7 mg/100g ; total creatinine 158.3 mg/100g and small amounts of betaine, TMAO.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.13-19
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• 2002

The natural sources extracted from green tea and pine needle were utilized to investigate the effects of extracts on free radical reaction, lipid oxidation and nitrite scavenging ability. The degree of lipid oxidation is very sensitive to kinds of oil emulsion reacted with iron sources and oxygen species. The antioxidants of extracts from green tea and pine needle were different depending on concentration of extracts, which were a lower TBARS value in 0.3% extracts concentration, compared to 0.1% extracts concentration. And also, the binding ability on iron sources was superior in hot water extracts, but oxygen scavenging ability was the lowest TBARS values in ethanol extracts. The hydroxyl radical scavenging ability of green tea and pine needle extracts had a little low TBARS value in 0.1% and 0.3% extracts concentration in deoxyribose. The ethanol extracts of pine needle were higher than those of hot water extracts on the basis of Fe$\_$2+/ ion content. The ascorbic acid content of green tea showed 14.3 mg/100g in hot water extracts and 16.7 mg/100 g in ethanol extracts. Electron donating ability of extracts showed difference depending on extracts concentration, which were higher in ethanol extracts than those of hot water extracts. The nitrite scavenging effects were tended to be different depending on pH value, however they were decreased overall as pH value was increased. Especially, the nitrite scavenging ability of 0.3% extracts from green tea and pine needle were the mosts effective in pH 1.2 and pH 3.0, which were showed 95% nitrite scavenging ability.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.49-56
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• 1982

The effects of measurement conditions on the emulsifying capacity(EC) and emulsion stability(ES) of proteins were studied in order to develop laboratory standard methods for the evaluation of emulsifying properties. The EC of proteins decreased with the increments of protein concentration and mixing rate. It increased with the increasing oil addition rate up to 0.8 ml/sec, but did not change at $0.8{\sim}1.2\;ml/sec$. The addition of sodiumchloride enhanced EC of proteins, attaining to the highest EC at 0.3M NaCl for Pro-Fam and 0.1M NaCl for Na-caseinate. The ES of Pro-Fam was higher than that of caseinate. The ES was increased by the increments of protein concentration, oil addition volume, mixing rate and mixing time. The EC and ES showed a close relation to the NSI of proteins, reaching to the lowest values of EC and ES at the isoelectric regions of proteins. The laboratory methods for measurements of emulsifying properties of proteins were established. The emulsifying properties of a laboratory-made soybean protein isolate were compared to those of commercial products by using the methods.