• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.54 no.5
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• pp.408-411
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• 2021

Tuberculosis (TB)-infected giant bullae are rare. A 55-year-old man was referred when an infected bulla did not respond to empirical treatment. Computed tomography showed a giant bulla in the right upper lobe with an air-fluid level and surrounding infiltrate. Sputum culture, acid-fast bacilli (AFB) stain, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for TB were negative. Percutaneous drainage of the bullous fluid was performed. AFB stain and PCR were positive in the drained fluid. The patient was given anti-TB drugs and later underwent obliteration of the pulmonary cavity using talc. To summarize, we report a patient with a TB-infected giant bulla that was treated successfully with anti-TB drugs and obliteration of the pulmonary cavity using talc.

• International journal of thyroidology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.182-188
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• 2018

Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) with ultrasonography is considered a minimally invasive and safe procedure. Complications of it are infrequent and occur immediately or within a few days after FNA. Such complications may occur mainly in patients with underlying problems. We here report a rare case of thyroid cystic nodule infection occurring 1 month after FNA in an immunocompetent patient and serial sonographic findings in this patient. A 33-year-old woman with a cystic nodule including partially isoechoic solid areas on the right thyroid gland complained of difficulty swallowing and painful sensations in the right neck 1 month after FNA. On follow-up examination, the cystic nodule and perithyroidal soft tissue were suspicious of infection. The possibility of infection after FNA should be considered even if the patient is immunocompetent in order to prompt evaluation and immediate management with empirical antibiotic therapy to avoid life-threatening complications.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.45-53
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• 2002

Objectives : On the internet, the bibliographic information service systems of the theses for the degree of Korean medicine(KMT) have been builded by the National assembly library, the National library of Korea and the eleven central libraries of eleven colleges of Korean medicine in Korea(KMU). Because there was a lot of information of Korean medicinal research & development(R&D) in those KMT, the MKT are most valuable in the Korean medicinal R&D. This study was carried out to understand and analyze the information service systems of the theses of Korean medicine provided by those libraries. Methods : We collected the bibliographic information of KMT on the internet in the National assembly library, the National Library of Korea, KMU, and some references of KMT, and then made a comparison between the bibliographic information of KMT and those KMU about the simpleness of searching and the accuracy of the contents. Results : Many of the Korean medicinal information service systems of KMU are poor on the simpleness of searching and the accuracy of the contents. On the accuracy of the contents, the bibliographic information service systems of KMT mistakes about 20% because of misusing of a Chinese character, a rule of the initial sound of a syllable of the Korean alphabet, and an erroro of the term day on KMT.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.77 no.3
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• pp.145-148
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• 2014

Valproic acid is one of the most common antiepileptic drugs used for the treatment of several seizure disorders. A 20-year-old man presented with a sudden decline of consciousness. He had a neurosurgery operation for intracranial and intraventricular hemorrhage. Following surgery, antiepileptic medication was administered to the patient in order to control his seizure events. On valproic acid treatment, he began to complain of fever and dyspnea. His symptoms persisted despite receiving empirical antibiotic treatment. All diagnostic tests for infectious causes were negative. A high-resolution computed tomography scan of the chest revealed predominantly dependent consolidation and ground-glass opacities in both lower lobes. The primary differential was drug associated with interstitial lung disease. Therefore, we discontinued valproic acid treatment and began methylprednisolone treatment. His symptoms and radiologic findings had significantly improved after receiving steroid therapy. We propose that clinicians should be made aware of the potential for valproic acid to induce lung injury.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.222-230
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• 2009

Purpose: This study intends to report the effects of Koong Gui Tang on Cold Hypersensitivity caused by acute and chronic Blood Deficiency. Methods: The patients having Cold Hypersensitivity were treated with oriental medicine including herbal medication therapy. Thereafter their health status was analyzed with their own empirical assessments and VAS. Results: After the series of medical treatment, Cold Hypersensitivity caused by acute and chronic Blood Deficiency has shown considerable improvement. Conclusion: This case study shows that Koong Gui Tang therapies are medically effective on Cold Hypersensitivity caused by acute and chronic Blood Deficiency.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.143-157
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• 2001

There has been a need for predicting development efforts and costs of the system during the early stage of the software process and hundreds of metrics have been proposed for computer software, but not all provide practical support to the software engineer. Some demand measurement that is too complex, others are so esoteric that few real-world professionals have any hope of understanding them, and others violate the basic intuitive notions of what high-quality software really is. It is worthwhile that metrics should be tailored to best accommodate specific products and processes after grasping their good and no good point. This paper describes two size estimation techniques, the Karner technique and the Marchesi technique, and compares and analyzes them with proposed evaluation criteria. Both techniques are to estimate software size analyzed by use case that is mainly described during the object-oriented analysis phase. We also present an empirical comparison of them, both are applied in the Internet Medicine Prescription System. We also propose some guidance for experiments based on our analysis. We believe that it should be facilitating project management more effective by adjusting software metrics properly.

• Anxiety and mood
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.18-24
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• 2005

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual 4th edition (DSM-IV) has been widely accepted and used for international classification of mental disorder. The DSM has been changed to improve diagnostic reliability and validity through descriptive and categorical approaches which was undertaken atheoretically. The authors reviewed current studies about the DSM-IV classification system and the diagnostic issues of representative categories of anxiety disorder. The authors concluded that the anxiety disorder classification system in DSM-IV has limitations such as a lack of empirical consideration for overlapping features of anxiety disorders and a lack of discriminant validity. To improve diagnostic validity and revise the current DSM-IV classification system, the authors suggested 1) more longitudinal studies for collecting empirical evidence, 2) decreasing the dependence upon operational criteria, 3) deceasing diagnostic boundary blurring, 4) developing disease specific biological diagnostic techniques and 5) continued collaboration between the DSM and International Classification of Diseases (ICD) systems.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.213-220
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• 2008

Purpose : This study aims to verify the effectiveness of initial empirical antibiotic choice recommended by the International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis(ISPD) guide among Korean children. Methods : We have collected data on peritonitis from January 2001 to December 2007 in Samsung Medical Center. Results : Of the 42 patients, 48 episodes of peritonitis had occurred in 21 patients. The rate of peritonitis was one episode over 35.3 patient-months. Mean dialysis duration before peritonitis was 18.06$\pm$15.81 months. Gram-positive organisms accounted for 58.3% of all episodes. Of the gram-positive organisms, the most common pathogen was Staphylococcus aureus(29.2%), the next common pathogens were Coagulase negative staphylococcus(14.6%) and Streptococcus species(6.3%). 35.7% of gram-positive pathogens were resistant to 1st cephalosporin. However, in patients younger than 4 years old, 50% of gram-positive pathogens were resistant to 1st generation cephalosporin. 10 episodes of peritonitis were methicillin-resistant and were treated by vancomycin. Of the gram-negative organisms, E. coli was the most common (8.3%). 64.8% of all pathogens were sensitive to cephalothin or ceftazidime. Conclusion : The empirical therapy with 1st generation cephalosporin and ceftazidime can be also effective to peritoneal dialysis associated peritonitis in Korean children. However, in patients younger than 4 years old, glycopeptide should be considered as the first empirical therapy in Korean children.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.59 no.5
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• pp.522-529
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• 2005

Background : Several national societies have published guidelines for empirical antimicrobial therapy in patients with severe community-acquired pneumonia (SCAP). This study investigated the etiologies of SCAP in the Asan Medical Center and assessed the relationship between the initial empirical antimicrobial regimen and 30 day mortality rate. Method : retrospective analysis was performed on patients with SCAP admitted to the ICU between March 2002 and February 2004 in the Asan Medical Center. The basic demographic data, bacteriologic study results and initial antimicrobial regimen were examined for all patients. The clinical outcomes including the ICU length of stay, the ICU mortality rate, and 30 days mortality rates were assessed by the initial antimicrobial regimen. Results : One hundred sixteen consecutive patients were admitted to the ICU (mean age 66.5 years, 81.9 % male, 30 days mortality 28.4 %). The microbiologic diagnosis was established in 58 patients (50 %). The most common pathogens were S. pneumoniae (n=12), P. aeruginosae (n=9), K. pneumonia (n=9) and S. aureus (n=8). The initial empirical antimicrobial regimens were classified as: ${\beta}$-lactam plus macrolide; ${\beta}$-lactam plus fluoroquinolone; anti-Pseudomonal ${\beta}$-lactam plus fluoroquinolone; Aminoglycoside combination regimen; ${\beta}$-lactam plus clindamycin; and ${\beta}$-lactam alone. There were no statistical significant differences in the 30-day mortality rate according to the initial antimicrobial regimen (p = 0.682). Multivariate analysis revealed that acute renal failure, acute respiratory distress syndrome and K. pneumonae were independent risk factors related to the 30 day mortality rate. Conclusion : S. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosae, K. pneumonia and S. aureus were the most common causative pathogens in patients with SCAP and K. pneumoniae was an independent risk factor for 30 day mortality. The initial antimicrobial regimen was not associated with the 30-day mortality.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.74 no.4
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• pp.177-180
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• 2013

We report a 54-year-old woman who presented with a well-defined, homogeneous, and non-enhancing mass in the retrobronchial region of the bronchus intermedius. The patient underwent endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) for histological confirmation. Serous fluid was aspirated by EBUS-TBNA. Cytological examination identified an acellular smear with negative microbiological cultures. The patient was finally diagnosed with bronchogenic cysts by chest computed tomography (CT) and EBUS-TBNA findings. However, 1 week after EBUS-TBNA, the patient developed bronchogenic cyst rupture and pneumonia. Empirical antibiotics were administered, and pneumonia from the bronchogenic cyst rupture had resolved on follow-up chest CT. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of pneumonia from bronchogenic cyst rupture after EBUS-TBNA.