• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.137-153
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• 2009

This study examined the effects on preschooler's social competence of preschooler's emotional regulation strategies and maternal attitude toward child's emotional expressiveness. Subjects were 57 3-to 5-year-old preschoolers, their mothers and 3 teachers in their classes. Data were adapted from the Social Intelligence part of Project Spectrum and analyzed by Pearson Correlation Coefficient and Stepwise Multiple Regression Analysis. Findings were that : (1) preschoolers' positive emotion regulation strategies significantly explained their social competence. (2) Older children showed higher social competence than younger children; the effect of children's age on social competence was more influential than emotional strategies or maternal attitudes. In conclusion, preschooler's emotion regulation strategies are an important factor as their social competence develops with age.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.9
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• pp.178-189
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to verify the effect of covert narcissism on life satisfaction by applying ambivalence over emotional expressiveness for adults in their 20s and 30s in Korea. To this end, a self-reported survey was conducted on 433 adults, and data was analyzed using SPSS 23.0 and AMOS 23.0. The results were as follows; First, covert narcissism had a positive correlation with the emotional expression ambivalence. Second, we were able to confirm that emotional expression falsified life satisfaction. Third, we were able to confirm that covert narcissism falsified life satisfaction. Fourth, the relationships between covert narcissism and life satisfaction as well as ambivalence and emotional expressiveness had mediating effects. Based on our results, we discussed the implications of understanding and proper emotional expression in the relationship between covert narcissism and life satisfaction of people in their 20s and 30s, which has been suppressed by identifying their role as a major parameter. In addition, this study was able to explore the causes of social problems for those in their 20s and 30s.

• Korean Journal of Child Education & Care
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.1-24
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to present information about effective parent education method by examining effects of parenting education program on emotional coaching, parenting efficacy, parenting attitude and emotional expression. For this purpose, 43 parents who have a toddler who is financed in H daycare center and Y daycare center in G city of Jeonbuk were selected as research subjects. Among them, twenty - two mothers of infants who are financially supported by H day care center were selected as experiment group and they conducted a total of 8 cycles of emotional coaching parent education program for 120 minutes per week and once a week. For the analysis of collected data, ANCOVA was performed using SPSS 18.0 program. The results were as follows. The parenting program of emotional coaching positively affects mother 's parenting efficacy, parenting attitude and emotional expressiveness. The results of this study can be used as basic data of parent education method which helps the desirable interaction with infant through more specific steps through emotional coaching to parents with toddlers.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.183-195
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to identity the relationship among emotional expression, emotional support, and psychosocial well-being, to analyze the factor affect the psychosocial well-being and to provide the data-based for effective development of emotional education program. The subjects for this study were 553 undergraduate college nursing students. The period of data collection was from 16 to 30, June, 2001. The instruments used for this study were emotional expressiveness scale (EES), ambivalence over emotional expressiveness questionnaire (AEQ), affect intensity measure (AIM), social support scale (SSS), and psychosocial well-being index (PWI). Data were analyzed by use of Descriptive Statistics, ANOVA, t-test, Stepwise multiple regression, Pearson's correlation coefficient with SPSS WIN program. The Major results were as follows: 1. The average score of items for the AIM, EES, AEQ were moderate at 3.8, 3.7 and 3.4. The level of SSS was high at 7.2 and PWI was low at 52.1. 2. Significant correlation were found between the AIM, EES, and AEQ. The EES was positively correlated with the SSS and negatively correlated with the PWI. On the other hand, the AEQ was positively associated with the PWI and negatively associated with the SSS. There was significantly negative correlation between the SSS and PWI. 3. In demographic characteristics, significant difference was shown only in the EES. The EES was significantly different according to grade. The difference in the SSS and PWI between 3groups were significant at the EES and AEQ. 4. Results from hierarchical multiple regression analysis indicated that the EES, AEQ, and AIM had influence on the SSS. And perceived the AEQ and SSS together explained 18.7% of variance in the PWI. The results of study provide evidence about the roles of emotion in psychosocial well-being. As a result, this study suggests that later study would be required to identify factors affect the psychosocial well-being and to develop the emotional education program to enhance emotional expression.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.35-52
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to compare college students' emoticon use for positive behavior and to analyze the impact of the factors. This study is consisted of 66 questions based on Social demographic characteristics, personality characteristics factors and both scales of emotional expression. The operational test was administered to 340 college students. In an effort to calibrate emoticon use of positive behavior, the results displayed significance differences depending on the gender and grade of the students. Women used more emoticons than men, and freshman used more emoticons than any other year of students. Women used more emoticons such as texts, images, and flash more than men. Students in their freshman year were shown to use more emoticons than students in other grade levels. Emotional expression was strongly related man with personality traits of integrity. Personality traits of sensitivity, openness, intimacy, and sincerity had a significant influence on the emotional expression. An emoticon is, therefore, be a useful tool to express their emotions. Male and female students with higher levels of congeniality had expressed more emotions that were self-defence ambivalent and concerned-relation ambivalent. However, in the case of the female students, those with higher levels of self-defence ambivalent emotional expressiveness had a lower usage of positive emoticons, while male students with higher levels of self-defence emotional expressiveness used more positive emoticons. Higher levels of congeniality among groups that use mobile emoticons with their parents, whether the frequency of use was high or low, were associated with higher levels of self-defence ambivalence and concerned-relation ambivalence. Those with higher levels of sincerity had low levels of self-defence ambivalence and concerned-relation ambivalence, and those with higher levels of concerned-relation ambivalence had higher levels of positive emoticon usage.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.27-34
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between emotional competence and social anxiety among Korean children and adolescents. The subjects of this study were 385 children between fifth and sixth grade ages and 579 middle school students. Their emotional competence was assessed by 'Korean Emotional Competence scale (Kim et al., 2004),' and also their social adjustment was assessed by 'Social Anxiety Scale (Moon & Oh, 2002).' The data were analyzed by ANOVA, the Pearson's correlation, and regression, using SPSS. The results of this study are as follows: (1) Children's and adolescents' emotional competence and social anxiety were relatively high. (2) Their emotional competence had a meaningful difference according to SES, gender, and birth order. (3) Their social anxiety had a meaningful difference according to SES, gender, and birth order. (4) There was a significant relationship between their emotional competence and social anxiety. (5) A regression analysis result of children's and adolescents' social anxiety showed that approximately 11.3% variance could be explained by four emotional competence variables: 'self-expressiveness and assertion,' 'awareness and understanding of emotion,' 'positive acceptance,' and 'collective consciousness.'

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.101-118
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• 2019

Alexithymia refers to a psychological deficit of identifying and describing one's feelings. It has benn reported that the level of alexithymia of East-Asians is generally higher than that of Western Europeans. Recently one research conducted in U.S. suggested that the interdependent self-construal from East-Asians' collectivism culture might be a cause of this cross-cultural difference. In the current study, we examined the relationship between the level of independent and interdependent self-construal of Korean college students and their level of alexithymia, as well as their ambivalence over emotional expressiveness and emotion suppression. The correlation analysis shows that the Korean students' alexithymia level does not correlate with their level of interdependent self-construal, but negatively correlates with their level of independent self-construal. Moreover, it is also correlated with the level of ambivalence over emotional expressiveness(AEE) and emotion suppression(ES). Thus, we setup a double-mediation model between the deficiency of independent self-construal and alexithymia via AEE and ES, and estimate mediation effects using Hayes and Preacher(2014)s' Process analysis. The results show that the deficiency of independent self-construal has a direct effect as well as indirect effects of AEE and ES on the alexithymia level. Further analysis on the indirect effects reveals that the mediation effect of AEE and the double mediation effect of ES via AEE are significant, but the mediation effect of ES is not significant. Current results imply that the interdependent self-construal from the traditional collectivistic culture may not cause Korean college students' problems on the emotional expression, but the relatively lower independent self-construal may cause them. The deficiency of independent self-constural may raise up the level of self-defensive ambivalence over emotional expressiveness and suppress emotional expression by themselves, which can result in alexithymia.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.93-102
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• 2023

Emojis and avatars are widely used in online communications, but their emotional conveyance lacks research. This study aims to contribute to the field of emotional expression in computer-mediated communication (CMC) by exploring the effectiveness of emotion recognition, the intensity of perceived emotions, and the perceived preferences for emojis and avatars as emotional expression tools. The following were used as stimuli: 12 photographs from the Yonsei-Face database, 12 Memojis that reflected the photographs, and 6 iOS emojis. The results of this study indicate that emojis outperformed other forms of emotional expression in terms of conveying emotions, intensity, and preference. Indeed, the study findings confirm that emojis remain the dominant form of emotional signals in CMC. In contrast, the study revealed that Memojis were inadequate as an expressive emotional cue. Participants did not perceive Memojis to effectively convey emotions compared with other forms of expression, such as emojis or real human faces. This suggests room for improvement in the design and implementation of Memojis to enhance their effectiveness in accurately conveying intended emotions. Addressing the limitations of Memojis and exploring ways to optimize their emotional expressiveness necessitate further research and development in avatar design.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.23-35
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• 2009

Purpose: The objectives of this study were to investigate the degrees of emotional labor and the effects of Type A personality, emotional expressiveness, job stress, and social support on the emotional labor among clinical nurses. Methods: The subjects of this study were the clinical nurses working at the general hospital in Seoul. The subjects were selected by quota sampling in consideration of the length of employment and the working units. The self-reported questionnaires were administered to 286 clinical nurses and the data were analyzed with SPSS 12.0 software Results: The level of emotional labor of the subjects was revealed moderate to high. Significant explanatory variables of the degrees of emotional labor included psychological job load, the lack of job autonomy, and role conflicts. These three variables demonstrated the explanatory power of 11.4% of the emotional labor. Conclusion: The findings suggested that the intervention program intervening emotional labor should be developed in order to improve psychological job load, the job autonomy, and role conflicts among clinical nurses.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.66-80
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• 2013

Nomadism means 'divide share' and 'drift where allocated'. The word to express a variety of modern people without being tied to a fixed time and place, constantly moving to new areas and explore the possibility. The progress of this study, first, to research on the conceptual study of Nomadism through Deleuze's theory of art and to organize Nomadism patterns and design paradigms in modern society. Second is to analyze and investigate cases of Nomadism based on the theoretical background in a way to reinterpret to the contemporary fashion, and to suggest the formative characteristics and inherent expressiveness of Nomadism expressed in modern fashion. Theoretical considerations made through the collection data were select from ready-to-wear women's collections 2005 S/S~2013 S/S presented in 'Style.com'. The results of the analysis of the formative characteristics of Nomadism in the $21^{st}$ century fashion are 'mixed expressions of time space and gender', 'pursuit of diversity through self-dismantling', 'clothing systemization of mobile and deformable' and 'temporary amusement, lightness, an expression of the ride rules'. The inherent expressiveness of Nomadism through these types of figurative representation are 'unbounded fashion', 'multi-center, multi-functional' and 'emotional directivity'. As such, philosophy and artistic trends started Nomadism is harmoniously expressed in terms of the design transcending the boundaries of existing stereotypes.