• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.16 no.5 s.98
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• pp.186-193
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• 1999

Sensor feedback for process control is one of the essential elements is an automated deburring procedure. This paper presents the implementation of acoustic emission (AE), which has been developed as a feedback sensing technique for precision (mechanical) deburring, in a precision laser deburring process. AE signals were sampled for laser machining/deburring under various experimental conditions and analyzed using several signal-processing methods including AErms and spectral analysis. The results, such as the sensitivity of AE signals for different laser cutting depths, edge detection capability and the frequency analysis show a clear correlation between physical process parameters and the AE signals. A subsequent control strategy for deburring automation is also briefly discussed.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.281-290
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• 2004

The main purpose of this study was to characterize the air pollutants emission factors in electric power plant (EPP) using fossil fuels. The electric power plant is a major air pollution source, thus knowing the emission characteristics of electric power plant is very important to develop a control strategy. The major air pollutants of concern from EPP slacks are particulate matter (PM), sulfur oxides (SOx), nitrogen oxides (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO) and heavy metals. Throughout the study, the following results are estimated - PM : 8.671E-05 ∼ 8.724E+01 PM emission (kg) per fuel burned (ton) - SOx : 4.149E-04∼7.877E+01 SOx emission (kg) per fuel burned (ton) - NOx 1.578E-02∼9.857E+00 NOx emission (kg) per fuel burned (ton) - CO : 3.800E-04∼1.291E+00 CO emission (kg) per fuel burned (ton) - Hg : 1.220E+01∼3.108E+02 Hg emission (mg) per fuel burned(ton) From the statistical analysis by Wilcoxon signed ranks test between the emission factors of ours and U.S. EPA's, we can yielded that : p 〉0.05.

• Journal of Drive and Control
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.1-8
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• 2023

The purpose of this study was to investigate and compare the impact of engine load on the emission characteristics of excavator engines, with the aim of improving the method for calculating the emission inventory of construction machinery. The engine load in excavators is directly correlated with the operational workload, and variations in the load factor (LF) can significantly influence the emission inventory. Thus, on-board diagnostic (OBD) data from an excavator at a construction site were systematically collected to measure engine output and emissions. The results revealed discernible differences in emissions based on engine load, even when the average excavator engine performance remained constant. This highlights the significant influence of the type and characteristics of the work being carried out on emission characteristics. Making realistic adjustments to the LF used in emission calculation formulas emerges as a crucial strategy for environmental improvement. Moreover, the analysis of the effects of engine load on emissions from excavators provides valuable insights for enhancing environmental protection measures.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.13 no.7
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• pp.703-710
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• 2004

Petroleum refineries have been considered as an important emission source for atmospheric volatile hazardous air pollutants(HAPs). The emission source includes petroleum refinery processes and process equipment. The control strategy for volatile HAPs requires emission estimations of these pollutants. However, systematic methods of volatile HAPs emission from petroleum refineries have not yet been established. Accordingly, present study surveyed the estimation method of volatile HAPs emitted from the petroleum refinery processes and process equipment. The emission estimation methods for the petroleum refinery processes are applied for 11 petroleum refining facilities: fluidized catalytic cracking, thermal cracking, moving bed catalytic cracking, compressed engine, blowdown system, vacuum distilled column condensator, natural gas or distilled boiler, natural gas or distilled heater, oil boiler, oil heater and flare. Four emission estimation methods applied for the petroleum refinery process equipment are as follows: average emission factor approach, screening ranges approach, EPA correlation approach and unit-specific correlation approach. The process equipment for which emission factors are available are valves, pump seals, connectors, flanges and open-ended lines.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.451-458
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• 2022

In Korea, five major ports have been designated as sulfur oxide emission control areas to reduce air pollutant emissions, in accordance with Article 10 of the "Special Act on Port Air Quality" and Article 32 of the "Ship Pollution Prevention Regulations". As regulations against vessel-originated air pollutants (such as PM, CO2, NOx, and SOx) have been strengthened, the Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries(MOF) enacted rules that newly built public ships should adopt eco-friendly propulsion systems. However, particularly in diesel-electric hybrid propulsion systems,the demand for precise control schemes continues to grow as the fuel saving rate significantly varies depending on the control strategy applied. The conventional Power Take In-Power Take Off(PTI - PTO) mode control adopts a rule-based strategy, but this strategy is applied only in the low-load range and PTI mode; thus, an additional method is required to determine the optimal fuel consumption point. The proposed control method is designed to optimize fuel consumption by applying the equivalent consumption minimization strategy(ECMS) to the PTI - PTO mode by considering the characteristics of the specific fuel oil consumption(SFOC) of the engine in a diesel-electric hybrid propulsion system. To apply this method, a specific fishing vessel model operating on the Korean coast was selected to simulate the load operation environment of the ship. In this study, a 10.2% reduction was achieved in the MATLAB/SimDrive and SimElectric simulation by comparing the fuel consumption and CO2 emissions of the ship to which the conventional rule-based strategy was applied and that to which the ECMS was applied.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.24-29
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• 2001

Adaptive valve timing control is one of the promising techniques to accomplish the optimized mixture formation and combustion depending on the load and speed, which is needed to meet the future challenges in reducing fuel consumption and exhaust emissions. The behavior and the effect of adaptive valve timing control system has been investigated by computer simulation, which simulates the gas dynamics in engines. Improved fuel economy can be achieved by reduction of pumping loss under low and mid load conditions. EIVC(Early Intake Valve Closing) strategy turns out to be superior to LIVC(Late Intake Valve Closing) strategy in reducing fuel consumption. Deterioration of combustion quality can be overcome by introducing LIVO(Late Intake Valve Opening) strategy, which increases turbulent intensity in cylinders. Furthermore, LIVO can reduce HC emission by decreasing the required amount of fuel to be injected during cold start.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.48
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• pp.27-56
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• 2010

Pollution emissions from international shipping and port activities have a significant impact on public health and global climate changes. The purpose of this paper is to review the status of pollution mitigation measures implemented to date in port industry and find out some implications for Korean ports. For this aim, the clean air strategies of the world major ports including six USA ports (Los Angeles/Long Beach, Now York/New Jersey, and Seattle and Tacoma), two European ports (Rotterdam and Gothenburg) and Busan Port were considered. Various measures to reduce emission from ports are evaluated by sectors-ocean going vessels, cargo handling equipments, truck and rail-, on the basis of categories such as reduction control technologies, operational changes and market-based measures. The policy implications of this paper are as follows. First, Clean Air Act Plans of Korean ports are required as soon as possible. Second, integrated approach is required to reduce emission effectively. Finally, the effect of port-related emission reduction can be maximized when various measures are conducted on a regional basis including neighboring ports. Furthermore, regional or global-based approach is useful to guarantee the level playing field among ports.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.98-104
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• 2014

The technologies employing spray-guided type combustion system for ultra-lean combustion direct injection engine is focused as a promising technology for satisfying emission regulations and improving fuel economy. In the present study, control and design optimization of lean-burn LPG direct injection engine was carried out with control strategy and injection position changes. Inter-injection spark ignition strategy was applied and the effect of the strategy was assessed at relatively higher load operation condition than previous researches. In order to create richer mixture in the vicinity of spark plug electrode, relative distance between the dead-end of injector and the electrode of spark plug was changed.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.81-89
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• 2014

This study researched on the effect of HP/LP-EGR system to improve fuel consumption of Low Temperature Combustion Engine. Firstly, low temperature combustion engine with HP/LP-EGR system was established using 6.0L wastegate turbocharger HDDI engine. And suppliable EGR rate of the engine was proven to be enough to realize stable low temperature combustion. Then, optimum operating strategy was founded to develop fuel consumption of the engine. Control parameters were HP/LP-EGR valve and IPCV(Intake Pressure Control Valve) duty. Experiments method was that characteristics of the engine were measured and analyzed according to HP/LP-EGR strategies while EGR rate was fixed. Operating range for the strategy were divided into three parts, low load for low temperature combustion, high load for conventional diesel combustion, and transient condition. Finally, with the above strategy of this study, BSFC of the engine was improved about 2% compared to the base engine, and emission level, NOx and PM, met Tier4Final emission regulation.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.327-334
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• 2014

Emission reduction of $CH_4$ (methane gas) from rice paddy soil is a very important measure for climate change mitigation in agricultural sector. In this study, we investigated the changes in crop yield and $CH_4$ emissions in response to application of biochar and fertilizers. The experimental site is located in Hwasung, Kyunggido and experimental design is the split-plot method with three replicates. Treatments included rice straw (RS) and biochar (BC) amendments nested with the conventional NPK fertilizer (NPK) and slow release fertilizer (SRF). Control was also prepared with the soil with the conventional NPK fertilization with no amendment. Measurement of $CH_4$ emission was conducted during the growing season of 2014 using a dynamic chamber method. The results showed that application of rice straw increased daily $CH_4$ emission rate by 15%, while application of biochar reduced daily $CH_4$ emission rate by 38%. When we combined biochar application with slow release fertilizer, $CH_4$ emission was reduced by 45%. Further, the crop yield was also increased in all treatments compared with the control except for the treatment of rice straw application with slow release fertilizer. Overall results imply that biochar amendment to agricultural soil can be an effective strategy to decrease annual $CH_4$ emission with no reduction in crop yield.