• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.499-506
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• 1998

Recently almost wastes except recycled garbage are dumped into landfill site in Korea. Landfills are significant compounds (NMOCS) are produced. NMOCS include reactive volative organic compound (VOC) and hazardous air pollutants. LAEEM (Landfill Air Emissions Estimation Model) developed by Control Technology Center, V.S. EPA is used to estimate a mount of landfill gas from all landfills. As the result, landfill gas 4,121,000 ton, carbon dioxide 2,951,000 ton, methane 1,1120,000 ton are estimated as emissions from all landfills in Korea.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.110-124
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• 2007

In this study, the control efficiency of odorous compounds was measured from diverse control process units of 14 individual companies located within the Ban-Wall industrial complex of Ansan city, Korea (January to July 2005), To quantify the control efficiency levels of major odorous compounds, we collected odor samples from both the front and rear side of 17 control process units ($N=17{\times}2=34$). If the control efficiency is compared for each of 32 compounds between different process units, wet scrubber (WS) was found to be the most effective unit in terms of the sum of pollutants showing the positive control signals. Although the WS system shows generally a good control pattern for VOC, it is not the case for most index odorous pollutants; only 3 out of 12 index compounds were found to show positive control efficiencies. The results of the study also indicated that the control efficiency differ greatly between different industrial sectors and/or control process types. In the case of leather industry, carbonyl compounds were found to exhibit the highest control efficiency with its values varying from 19 to 90%. On the other hand, in the case of metal production sector, VOC recorded the maximum control efficiency with values varying from 18 to 79%. According to this study, most air pollution control facilities operated in most companies show fairly poor control efficiencies for most malodor compounds. Hence, to obtain best control efficiency of odorous pollutant emission, acquisition of better information on source characteristics and establishment of effective control technologies are highly demanding.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.18 no.10
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• pp.1123-1134
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• 2009

This study was designed to evaluate qualitatively and quantitatively the pollutant compositions, which were emitted from three types of mosquito repellents(MRs)(mat-, liquid-vaporized, and coil-type) by utilizing a 50-L environmental chamber. A qualitative analysis revealed that 42 compounds were detected on the gas chromatography/mass spectrometer system, and that the detection frequency depended upon chemical types. Nine of the 42 compounds exhibited a detection frequency of 100%. Four aromatic compounds(benzene, ethyl benzene, toluene, and xylene) were detected in all test MRs. The concentration equilibriums in the environmental chamber were achieved within 180 min after sample introduction. The coil-type MR represented higher chamber concentrations as compared with the mat- or liquid-vaporized-type MR, with respect to the target compounds except for naphthalene. In particular, the chamber concentrations of ethyl benzene, associated with the use of coil-type MR, were between 0.9 and $65\;mg\;m^{-3}$ whereas those of mat- and liquid-vaporized-type MRs we~e between 0.5 and $2.0\;mg\;m^{-3}$and 0.3 and $1.4\;mg\;m^{-3}$, respectively. However, naphthalene concentrations in the chamber, where a liquid-vaporized-type MR was placed, were measured as between 17.8 and $56.3\;mg\;m^{-3}$, but not detected in the chamber, where a mat- or coil-type MR was placed. The empirical model fitted well with the time-series concentrations in the environmental chamber(in most cases, determination coefficient, $R^2$ ≿ 0.9), thereby suggesting that the model was suitable for testing emissions. In regards to the target compounds except for benzene, although they were emitted from the MRs, health risk from individual exposure to them were estimated not to be significant when comparing exposure levels with no observed adverse exposure levels or lowest observed adverse exposure levels of corresponding compounds. However, it was concluded that the use of MRs could be an important indoor source as regards benzene.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.679-692
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• 2006

The carbonyl compounds in the atmosphere belong to one of the regulatory pollutants for the malodor control designated by the Korean Ministry of Environment(KMOE). In the present study, the emission concentration levels of carbonyl compounds were measured along with a number of criteria odor pollutants from a total of 47 individual companies(June 2004 to January 2005). The results of our study showed that a number of carbonyl compounds(such as formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acetone, and butyraldehyde) maintained significantly high mean concentrations of 298 to 372 ppb. In contrast, other carbonyl compounds were low enough with the mean valves of 0.54 to 19.1 ppb. It was found that except for such industries as metal production or leather processing, their emissions were generally quite significant. If the measured values were evaluated in terms of malodor intensity, butyraldehyde appeared to be the most significant contributor to the malodor release. According to the measurements made in strong source areas, it can be concluded that several carbonyl compounds(acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde, butyraldehyde, isovaleraldehyde, and valeraldehyde) are useful enough to diagnose malodor release from those source areas. It should also be addressed that a number of carbonyl compounds added newly as the result of malodor control legislation were not sensitive enough to diagnose malodor release from such sources.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.33 no.7
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• pp.2145-2148
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• 2012

A new thiourea based receptor (1) was synthesized and applied to fluoride ion recognition in acetonitrile solution. Receptor 1 displayed dual changes in absorption and fluorescence emission intensities selectively for fluoride ions. The interaction of 1 with fluoride undergoes a deprotonation process that is confirmed by $^1H$ NMR titration.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.250-260
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• 2007

It was investigated that the emission characteristics of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from small and medium companies located on industrial complexes in Metropolitan area. The emission characteristics are intermittent sources in which VOCs emissions are highly depends on the working condition. Optimized ventilation system to improve air quality in working area for the three typical companies were installed. Adsorption characteristics of major VOCs such as MEK, IPA, and toluene emitted front the companies were investigated for design of the activated carbon vessel as a VOCs control facility in each company. Concentration of total hydrocarbon and gas amounts needed to ventilation were also used as a design parameter. Mixed adsorbent to improve adsorption characteristics of problematic solvents like IPA and the design guideline of the activated carbon vessel have been suggested.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.325-336
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• 2006

The presence of volatile organic compounds (VOC), produced and released from both anthropogenic and natural sources, can accelerate the degradation of air quality in the surrounding area. In this study, we investigated the emission concentrations of VOC based on a total of 115 sample analysis made from 47 companies (representing 17 types of industry) at the Ban Wall industrial complex (Jun. 2004 to Jan. 2005). Through a statistical analysis of these measurement data, we inspected the emission characteristics of VOC in relation with industrial type and processing unit. When these data were compared each other, toluene was found to record the highest value of 423 ppb followed by ethylbenzene (68.3 ppb), m, p-xylene (43.6 ppb), o-xylene (27.2 ppb), styrene (23.9 ppb), and benzene (16.4 pub). In addition, by converting these VOC concentration data into malodor intensity, we attempted to account for their distribution patterns in terms of relative contribution to the malodor formation. The results of odor intensity conversion generally indicated that the odor intensities of individual VOC do not exceed the degree of 1. When our VOC results were compared against other odorous compounds measured concurrently, the results were highly contrasting each other. Despite relative insignificance as odorous compounds, these VOCs are generally found ubiquitously and in abundant quantities in this strong source area.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.223-230
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• 2014

This study examined emission characteristics of far-infrared ray, formaldehyde, volatile organic compounds and deodorization rate of particleboard prepared at different target board densities and resin content levels, using the xylem part of Broussonetia Kazinoki Sieb. The deodorization rate increased, as the target density of board and resin content increased. Emission rates of the far-infrared ray and total volatile organic compounds (TVOCs) were 0.892~0.899, and $0.074mg/m^2{\cdot}h$ for particleboard prepared with the resin content of 13% and target density of $0.6g/cm^3$ while the deodorization rate was 80~90% for the same particleboard. The formaldehyde emission factor ranged from $0.004mg/m^2{\cdot}h$ to $0.006mg/m^2{\cdot}h$ for all particleboard fabricated at different resin content and target densities. These results indicate that particleboard prepared from the xylem part of Broussonetia Kazinoki Sieb have a potential as a building construction material.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.215-226
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• 2005

In this study, we investigated the emission concentrations of 31 odorous compounds from various emission sources of 37 individual companies located within the Ban Wal industrial complex of Ansan city, Korea. In the course of our study, we attempted to evaluate emission characteristics of different industrial activities and relative significance of different odorous components . Based on our measurements of odorous compounds, we were able to find a line of evidence to draw a conclusion that a number of odorous compounds can be used as indices to specifically point out the influence of certain industrial activities. It was found that hydrogen sulfide and trimethyl amine record the highest contribution from leather industry. Likewise, acetaldehyde showed its maximum contribution from food-beverage sector, while ammonia for paper-mill, pulp production sector. On the other hand, the results of styrene and most YOC including BTEX were not useful, as their concentrations were not significantly high enough to judge from such respect.

• Proceedings of the Korea Air Pollution Research Association Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.402-402
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• 2005