• Title/Summary/Keyword: emergence day

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Differences in Nymphal Development, Adult Longevity and Fecundity of the Green Rice Leafhopper, Nepthotettix cincticeps Uhler Fed on Rice Cultivar and Water Foxtail, Alopecurus aequalis Sobol. Var. amurensis Ohwi at Various Temperatures (벼와 벼과 잡초에 따른 끝동매미충 유충의 발육 및 성충의 수명과 산란의 차이)

  • 최주수;박영도
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.11 no.2
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    • pp.121-125
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    • 2001
  • Some attempts were made to investigate the biological characterisitcs of the green rice leafhopper(GLH) , Nepthotettix cincticeps Uhler in terms of nymphal development, emergence ratio. preovipositional period, growth index, adult longevity and fecundity fed on rice cultivar, Chucheongbyeo with no resistance gene and water foxtail, Alpecurus aequalis Sobol. var. amurensis Ohwi at 20 and $25^{\circ}C$ with a 16L;8D photoperiod. Development period of nymph on rice cultivar and water foxtail at $25^{\circ}C$ was shorter than that at 2$0^{\circ}C$ by twofold. The nymphal period of female was about one day longer than that of male. The mean emergence ratio of female and male on rice cultivar and water foxtail was 40.0, 76.7, 38.3, 73.3% at 20 and $25^{\circ}C$, respectively. Preovipositional period on rice cultivar and water foxtail at $25^{\circ}C$ was shorter that at 2$0^{\circ}C$ by twofold. Growth index on rice cultivar adn water foxtail at $25^{\circ}C$was higher than that at 2$0^{\circ}C$ by fourfold. Under the 20 and $25^{\circ}C$ condition, the longevity of female and male was longer on water foxtail than on rice cultivar, but the fecundity of GLH was higher on rice cultivar than on water foxtail. In conculsion, water foxtail seems to be adequate for spring host of GLH.

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Emergence Characteristics of Narrow-ridged Finless Porpoise Neophocaena asiaeorientalis Using Passive Acoustic Survey in the South Sea of South Korea (음향을 이용한 남해 연안에 서식하는 상괭이(Neophocaena asiaeorientalis)의 출현 특성 연구)

  • Choi, Seulgi;Kim, Eunho;Sohn, Hawsun
    • Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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    • v.54 no.6
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    • pp.989-999
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    • 2021
  • The sound of finless porpoises Neophocaena asiaeorientalis was recorded with an acoustic recorder to confirm their emergence in the South Sea of South Korea in February, June, and November 2020. Sea water temperature and salinity were also measured. In addition, a sighting survey was conducted to observe the behavior of the finless porpoises and the marine environment, and the clicks of the finless porpoises were recorded every day. The results showed that they always emerged in the survey area. The finless porpoises mainly foraged, whereas some played or rested. The water temperature range of areas where the finless porpoises emerged was 7.5-23.5℃. Assuming that the number of clicks corresponds to the number of finless porpoises, the finless porpoises emerged the most during spring. The emergence decreased during winter and was the lowest during autumn. The finless porpoises emerged more during the daytime than during the nighttime in all seasons, indicating a temporal difference in the usage of the survey area. This might be due to the movement of prey organisms according to regional characteristics. A long-term survey and research on habitat use and environment is needed to manage and conserve the finless porpoises.

Determination of Sowing Date for Silage Corn Based on Growing Degree Days and Soil Temperature (유효적산온도에 의한 싸이리지옥수수의 파종기결정)

  • Choe, Zhin-Ryong;Joo, Young-Kuk;Song, Moon-Tae;Oh, Ho-Sang;Ann, Dong-Won
    • KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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    • v.35 no.3
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    • pp.254-258
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    • 1990
  • In order to investigate the effect of sowing dates on some agronomical characters and yield of corn in southern part of Korea. a field experiment was carried out at Gyeongnam Provincial Livestock Breeding Station in chinju. Single cross hybrid corn (cv. Suwon #19) was sown from April 13 to June 2 with five-day interval in 1984 and 1984. The relationship between herbage and grain yield and various meterological measurements was evaluated. As the sowing dates were delayed. the days from sowing to seedling emergence were shortened, as more closely affected by the soil temperature at seedling emergence. growth period and was dependent on precipitation and temperature during the growth period. Based on the relationship between herbege dry matter yield of corn and soil temperature at seedling emergence, the estimated critical sowing date for corn in the southern Korea was March 23${\pm}$3.6 days.

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Effects of Seed Tuber Processing and Cultural methods on Tuber yield of Amorphophallus Konjac. K. (구약감자의 종서처리 및 재배방법이 수량에 미치는 영향)

  • 이희덕
    • KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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    • v.37 no.2
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    • pp.117-122
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    • 1992
  • This experiment was conducted to determine tuber yield increase of Konjac by sowing time, seed tuber split method and cultural methods. Tuber yield per unit area was generally increased in early planting than conventional planting time. Tuber yield of polyethylene film mulching culture among storage methods was high, while the emergence rate of konjac for seedling plus PE mulching, and tunnel culture were prompted by 20 days, and especially seedling was to be greatly controlled due to temperature difference of the day and night at emergence. All of the cutting methods(two and four split method) were higher than conventional method because of increasing number of bulblet, accordingly, that method using seed tuber was profitable for mass propagation. Both botanical characteristics and tuber yield tend to be increased at 30 to 50 percent shading than natural condition.

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Proteolytic Enzyme in the Midgut during Metamorphosis of Pieris rapae L (배추흰나비의 變態에 EK른 中腸內 蛋白質分解酵素)

  • Kim, Hak-Ryul;Yoe, Sung-Moon
    • The Korean Journal of Zoology
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    • v.25 no.2
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    • pp.63-70
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    • 1982
  • The activity, properties, and distribution of midgut protease during metamorphosis in Pieris rapae L. are determined using spectrophotometer, ultracentrifuge and agar gel electrophoresis. Proteolytic activity of midgut reaches the peak just before ecdysis in 5th instar and prepupal stages each but 1 day after ecdysis in pupal stage. Also, optimum pH of midgut protease is pH 8.0 in 5th instar stage, pH 6.5 in prepupal stage, and pH 8.5 immediately before emergence respectively. Protease is found mostly in midght tissue in 5th instar stage but thereafter until just before emergence the enzyme only in lumen contents, suggesting that protease is synthesized in midgut tissue during larval stage and then released into lumen during pupation period.

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Comparative randomized study of propofol target-controlled infusion versus sevoflurane anesthesia for third molar extraction

  • Chung, Patrick K;Dhanrajani, Parmanand
    • Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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    • v.18 no.3
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    • pp.169-175
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    • 2018
  • Background: The objective of this study was to compare hemodynamic and recovery characteristics of total intravenous anesthesia using propofol target-controlled infusion (TCI) versus sevoflurane for extraction of four third molar teeth. Methods: One hundred patients undergoing extraction of four third molar teeth under general anesthesia were randomized to one of two groups. Group 1 received propofol TCI-oxygen for induction and propofol TCI-oxygen-air for maintenance. Group II received a propofol bolus of 2 mg/kg for induction and sevoflurane-oxygen-air for maintenance. Heart rate, mean arterial pressure (MAP), operating time, time to emergence, nausea and vomiting, and sedation and pain scores were measured in each group. Results: Demographic data, including age, gender, weight, and height, were not significantly different between the two groups. The MAP was significantly higher after intubation (P = 0.007) and injection of anesthesia (P = 0.004) in the propofol group than in the sevoflurane group, with significant reflex bradycardia (P = 0.028). The mean time to emergence from anesthesia using propofol was 25 s shorter than that of sevoflurane (P = 0.02). Postoperatively, the propofol group was less sedated than the sevoflurane group at 30 min (0.02 versus 0.12), but this difference was not significant (P = 0.065). Conclusion: Both propofol TCI and sevoflurane are good alternatives for induction and maintenance of anesthesia for short day-case surgery. However, propofol TCI does not blunt the hemodynamic response to sudden, severe stimuli as strongly as sevoflurane, and this limitation may be a cause for concern in patients with cardiac comorbidities.

Parasitism of Trichogramma evanescens and T. ostriniae (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) to Eggs of the Asian Corn Borer, Ostrinia furnacalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) (조명나방(Ostrinia furnacalis) 알에 대한 쌀좀알벌(T. evanescens)과 T. ostriniae의 기생특성)

  • Jung Jin Kyo;Park Jong Ho;Im Dae Joon;Han Tae Man
    • Korean journal of applied entomology
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    • v.44 no.1 s.138
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    • pp.43-50
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    • 2005
  • Parasitism of the egg parasitoid, Trichogramma evanescens, to its main host insect, the Asian corn borer, Ostrinia furnacalis in Korea was compared with that of T. ostriniae that is the dominant species in China on the same host insect. Parasitoid adults of both species emerged more than 50 percent within 4 hours after lights-on in 16L/8D photo period regime and showed a circadian rhythm of emergence. The developmental period from oviposition to emergence in both parasitoids was ca. 11 days and there were no significant differences between the two species and between female and male of each species, either. Both species also showed superparasitism even when the parasitic rates in one egg mass were below 100 percent. Both species oviposited by 5 days after emergence, and maximum longevities of each female adult of both species were 8 day for T. evanescens and 6 day for T. ostriniae. The total number of eggs parasitized by T. evanescens was ca. 38 eggs and ca. 31 eggs by T. ostriniae. Newly emerged female parasitoid laid eggs on about $50\%$ of the host insect egg mass, and the parasitism decreased with the adult age of egg parasitoids in both species. The sex ratio of two species was female-biased about $80\%$.

Growth and Yield of Spring-Grown Potato under Recycled-Paper Mulching

  • Cui, Ri-Xian;Lee, Byun-Woo;Lee, Hac-Lae
    • KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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    • v.46 no.2
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    • pp.150-156
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    • 2001
  • To explore the feasibility of recycled paper mulching in spring-grown potato the changes of soil environments and the growth and yield of potato under non-mulched control and three mulching treatments of recycled paper (RPM), transparent polyethylene film (TPFM), and black polyethylene film (BPFM) were examined over two spring seasons in 1998 and 1999 at Suwon, Korea. The mulching materials were a recycled mulch paper with 110 g/$m^2$ and a thickness of 0.1mm, which was manufactured from old corrugated containers for this experiment and the commercial polyethylene films with a thickness of 0.01mm. RPM lowered the average soil temperature at 5-cm depth during the potato growing period by 03$^{\circ}C$ compared with the control, whereas TPFM and BPFM raised it by 2.$0^{\circ}C$, and 1.8$^{\circ}C$, respectively. On a sunny day during sprout emergence, RPM reduced the maximum soil temperature by about 5$^{\circ}C$, while TPFM and BPFM enhanced it by about 11$^{\circ}C$ and 6.$0^{\circ}C$, respectively. The temperature difference between the control and the mulching treatments decreased with the development of canopy. All the mulching treatments had an advantage in preserving the soil moisture over the control. RPM and BPFM resulted in the effective control of weed by obstructing light transmission onto soil surface, but TPFM had no control effect of weed. Sprout emergence started two to three days earlier in TPFM and BPFM, but one day later in RPM than in the control due to the altered soil temperature by the mulching treatments. However, the final percentage of emergence was notably lower in TPFM than that in the control because of too high soil temperature during daytime, but was not different among the control, RPM, and BPFM. During the early stage of potato growth, the shoot and root growth under RPM was lower compared with the control, but afterwards, RPM outpaced the control. In 1998 experiment, the tuber yield under RPM and BPFM were significantly higher than those of the control and TPFM. In 1999 experiment, there was no significant difference in tuber yield between RPM and the control.

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Establishment of the Successive Rearing Method of Cabbage Butterfly, Pieris rapae L. in a Room Condition (배추흰나비의 실내 계대사육법 확립)

  • 설광열;김남정
    • Korean journal of applied entomology
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    • v.40 no.2
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    • pp.131-136
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    • 2001
  • Cabbage butterfly, Pieris rapae was reared in a room to establish a year-round rearing system. The eggs oviposited by the parent fed on host plant showed 89.2% of hatchability and hatched in 3.9 days after oviposition. The larval period was 18.1 days under high temperature, long day condition ($25^{\circ}C$, 16L : 8D), showing 97.8% pupal ratio and emergence rate. However, under low temperature, short day condition ($21^{\circ}C$, 10L : 14D) the larval period extended to 23.6 days and the pupal ratio was 70%. All of those pupae went into diapause. The oviposition preference experiment on different hosts (Chinese cabbage, cabbage, tulip and kale) showed that hot-water extract was preferred over methanol extracts or squeezed raw juices. The host preference showed that Chinese cabbage was less preferred than the other three. The artificial ovipositing kit was constructed for the oviposition in a room. The 48-hours old eggs could be stored for 7 days at$ 5^{\circ}C$ and showed 70% of hatchability. Non-diapausing pupae could be stored for 30 days at 5 to $15^{\circ}C$, showing 85% of emergence rate. However, the pupae stored at $5^{\circ}C$ showed longer storage period and higher emergence rate. The systematic successive rearing method of cabbage butterfly in a room was completed, based on the above experiments.

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Genetic variation of sensitivity to photoperiod and accumulated temperature in soybean mini core collection lines

  • Islam, Md Rasadul;Fujita, Daisuke;Zheng, Shao-Hui
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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    • 2017.06a
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    • pp.77-77
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    • 2017
  • The sensitivities to photoperiod and temperature give guidance to choose an adaptable genotype for specific area in soybean production. However, there is insufficient information about the variation of sensitivities to photoperiod and temperature with wide genetic background. We investigated the sensitivities to photoperiod and temperature using 82 soybean mini core collection lines provided by NIAS gene bank of Japan. The seeds were sown on 28 May and 4 August in 2015, 24 May and 5 August in 2016 at field in Saga, Japan ($33^{\circ}$ 14' 32'' N, $130^{\circ}$ 17' 28'' E) for the early (average photoperiod and temperature: 15.2 h and $25.1^{\circ}C$) and late (13.6 h and $27.2^{\circ}C$) sowing respectively. The plants were also grown in the growth chamber under 12 h photoperiod with three temperature regimes (day/night temperature: $25/18^{\circ}C$, $28/22^{\circ}C$ and $33/28^{\circ}C$). Emergence date, days to first flower were recorded with 10 plants in the field and 2 plants in the growth chamber for each line. The data for daily average temperatures and photoperiodic hours were collected from weather station. The days from emergence to first flower open (DEF) were varied from 23-92 (2015 and 2016) in early sowing whereas 18-68 (2015) and 18-59 (2016) in late sowing. The shortened DEF in late sowing could be caused by both short photoperiod and high temperature in late sowing. However, the accumulated temperatures during emergence to first flower open (ATEF) were less variable in comparison with DEF, suggesting the ATEF is dependent mostly on the photoperiod. The ATEF were found same between early and late sowing in some early flowering lines (e.g. $686.7^{\circ}C$ and $687.6^{\circ}C$ in HEUKDAELIPS, $728.8^{\circ}C$ and $706.3^{\circ}C$ in WILLIAMS'82) which indicated that these would be insensitive to day length. In the growth chamber experiment, the variation in both DEF and ATEF was a little greater at low temperature ($25/18^{\circ}C$) but almost same at middle ($28/22^{\circ}C$) and high ($33/28^{\circ}C$) temperatures. Since the less differences in ATEF were found between the three temperatures, it is suggested that the temperature plays only a quantitative effect on the flower initiation, and the large ATEF in some lines may indicate the stronger photosensitivity even at 12 h or longer juvenile phase. Some lines with the lowest ATEF regardless of growth conditions, such as FISKEBY V, KE 32 (ATEF: 559.6-666.5, 587.7-709.5) might lack the sensitivities to both photoperiod and temperature. The results suggested that soybean genotypes has wider variation in sensitivity to photoperiod, whereas less variation to temperature.

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