• Anatomy and Cell Biology
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• 제56권4호
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• pp.463-468
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• 2023

The carotid sinus nerve (CSN) is well known as mediating baroreflexes. However, studies of its detailed histological analysis are scant in the literature. Therefore, the current anatomical study sought to better elucidate the microanatomy of the CSN. Ten fresh frozen adult cadavers underwent dissection of the CSN. Then, it was harvested and submitted for histological and immunohistochemical staining. Specimens were all shown to be nerve fibers on histology and immunohistochemistry. We identified tyrosine hydroxylase positive fibers in all CSN specimens. These fibers were always found to be within the CSN and not on its surface i.e., epineurium. Based on our findings, the majority of fibers contained in the CSN are tyrosine positive in nature. Further studies are necessary to understand the true function of this autonomic nerve fibers.

• Anatomy and Cell Biology
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• 제56권3호
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• pp.394-397
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• 2023

The posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) is often involved in pathologies of the posterior cranial fossa. Therefore, a good understanding of the vessel's normal and variant courses is important to the neurosurgeon or neurointerventionalist. During the routine microdissection of the craniocervical junction, an unusual arrangement between the highest denticulate ligament and PICA was observed. On the right side, the PICA was given rise to by the V4 segment of the vertebral artery 9 mm after the artery entered the dura mater of the posterior cranial fossa. The artery made an acute turn around the lateral edge of the highest denticulate ligament to then recur 180 degrees and travel medially toward the brainstem. Invasive procedures that target the PICA should be aware of the variant as described herein.

• 식물분류학회지
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.226-233
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• 2010

속간 계통유연관계 해석을 위한 정보를 제공하기 위하여 현재까지 연구되지 않은 한계령풀의 생식기관 발생학적 형태 연구가 수행되었다. 연구결과 한계령풀의 생식기관 형태는 매자나무과의 다른 속들과 비슷한 점이 많았다. 그럼에도 불구하고, 내주피 내강벽의 발달, 미분화 종피 구조 등과 같은 새로운 생식기관 특징들이 밝혀졌다. 지금까지 계통학적으로 한계령풀속은 매자나무과 내에서 꿩의다리아재비속이나 Leontice속에 가장 가깝다고 인정되고 있는데 이들이 같은 족에 분류되어 있는 것처럼 분자계통학적 유사성과 더불어 많은 형태적인 특징들도 공유하고 있었다. 한계령풀은 기본형의 약벽형성, 분비형 융단세포, 화분모세포의 연속형 세포질분열, 약 열개시 2세포성 성숙화분, 도생배주, 후층성주심, nucellar cap의 발달, 내주피 내강벽의 형성, 마디풀형 배낭형성, 핵형 배유형성, 미분화 종피 패턴 등의 특징을 나타내었다. 과내 Nandina속과의 비교에서는 약의 열개 패턴, 소포자의 세포질 분열패턴, 종자 형태, 종피 유형 등 많은 형태적 특징에서 차이가 있었다. 비록 이 연구에서 근연속인 꿩의다리아재비속이나 Leontice속의 생식기관 정보를 충분히 이용할 수는 없었지만, 한계령풀속은 종자와 종피 형태를 근거로 매자나무과내에서 꿩의다리아재비속과 Leontice속에 가장 가까운 유연관계임을 추론할 수 있었다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.550-560
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• 2022

Background: The effect of ginsenoside Rh2 (G-Rh2) on mast cell-mediated anaphylaxis remains unclear. Herein, we investigated the effects of G-Rh2 on OVA-induced asthmatic mice and on mast cell-mediated anaphylaxis. Methods: Asthma model was established for evaluating airway changes and ear allergy. RPMCs and RBL-2H3 were used for in vitro experiments. Calcium uptake, histamine release and degranulation were detected. ELISA and Western blot measured cytokine and protein levels, respectively. Results: G-Rh2 inhibited OVA-induced airway remodeling, the production of TNF-α, IL-4, IL-8, IL-1β and the degranulation of mast cells of asthmatic mice. G-Rh2 inhibited the activation of Syk and Lyn in lung tissue of OVA-induced asthmatic mice. G-Rh2 inhibited serum IgE production in OVA induced asthmatic mice. Furthermore, G-Rh2 reduced the ear allergy in IgE-sensitized mice. G-Rh2 decreased the ear thickness. In vitro experiments G-Rh2 significantly reduced calcium uptake and inhibited histamine release and degranulation in RPMCs. In addition, G-Rh2 reduced the production of IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-8, and IL-4 in IgE-sensitized RBL-2H3 cells. Interestingly, G-Rh2 was involved in the FcεRI pathway activation of mast cells and the transduction of the Lyn/Syk signaling pathway. G-Rh2 inhibited PI3K activity in a dose-dependent manner. By blocking the antigen-induced phosphorylation of Lyn, Syk, LAT, PLCγ2, PI3K ERK1/2 and Raf-1 expression, G-Rh2 inhibited the NF-κB, AKT-Nrf2, and p38MAPK-Nrf2 pathways. However, G-Rh2 up-regulated Keap-1 expression. Meanwhile, G-Rh2 reduced the levels of p-AKT, p38MAPK and Nrf2 in RBL-2H3 sensitized IgE cells and inhibited NF-κB signaling pathway activation by activating the AKT-Nrf2 and p38MAPK-Nrf2 pathways. Conclusion: G-Rh2 inhibits mast cell-induced allergic inflammation, which might be mediated by the AKT-Nrf2/NF-kB and p38MAPK-Nrf2/NF-κB signaling pathways.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.37-53
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• 2024

Background: To train dental hygienists to utilize knowledge in practice, an integrated curriculum based on the competencies of dental hygienists is expanding; however, in the field of basic dental hygiene the curriculum is still fragmented and based on segmented knowledge. This study developed an integrated curriculum based on the competencies of dental hygienists in Anatomy, Histology & Embryology, Physiology, which are subjects for basic dental hygiene that have high linkage and overlap. Methods: After selecting the learning objectives for the integrated curriculum from those of Anatomy, Histology & Embryology, Physiology, the duties of the dental hygienist in relation to the learning objectives were analyzed. Learning objectives were combined with the duties of a dental hygienist to derive competencies for an integrated curriculum. Referring to the syllabus and learning objectives for each subject, the weekly educational content, learning objectives, and credits of the integrated curriculum were derived. After conducting a Delphi survey to validate the competency and content of the derived integrated curriculum, an integrated curriculum was developed. Results: By using the first and second Delphi surveys, four competencies were developed for dental hygienists that can be achieved through an integrated basic dental hygiene curriculum. In addition, an integrated curriculum including the courses Anatomy, Histology & Embryology, Physiology, Structure and Function of the Human Body/Head/Neck, and Structure and Function of the Oral Cavity was established. Conclusion: This study presents a specific example for developing a competency-based integrated curriculum that can be used as a framework to derive a competency-based integrated curriculum among subjects that can be integrated according to the linkage of learning contents and the competencies that can be achieved.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.95-97
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• 1981

Cystic intrathoracic lesions of foregut origin are now well recognized and account for approximately 10% of lesions presenting as mediastinal tumors. The terminology used to describe mediastinal endodermal cysts has been confused and sometimes ambiguous. The embryological derivation of these lesions has been the cause of much speculation. It Is suggested that these lesions should be classified Into three main categories based on embryology bronchogenic cyst[resulting from a defect of lung budding], Intramural esophageal cyst[true duplication], and enteric cyst[resulting from the split notochord syndrome]. This communication describes a 26 year old man with intramural esophageal cyst who was diagnosed as posterior medlastlnai tumor preoperatively and cured with extirpation of the cyst.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.32-34
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• 2014

Anomalous aortic origin of the left subclavian artery (LSCA) from the left pulmonary artery (LPA) is a rare congenital cardiac malformation. We describe a case of LSCA from the LPA via ductus arteriosus in association with a double-outlet right ventricle, which never has been reported previously in Korea.

• 한국동물학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.49-56
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• 1977

Mexican axolotl(Ambystoma mexicanum)의 생활사, 기원, 실험실내에서의 유지 및 교배방법 등을 소개한다. 이 종은 난자형성과 발생의 연구면에서 몇가지 대단히 유리한 점을 가지고 있다. 즉 큰 염색체를 가진 대형의 난자를 보유하고 있는 점, 난자가 수란관을 통과하는 동안 총배설강내에서 수정하는 점, 초기 배아의 실험발생학, 세포학 및 생화학적 연구에 쉽사리 이용할 수 있다는 점과, 무엇보다도 난자형성과 배발생동안의 여러 가지 중요한 기능에 영향을 미치는 30여개 이상의 유전자를 이용하여 유전자조절현상을 밝혀낼 수 있다는 점이다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제62권3호
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• pp.288-295
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• 2019

In 2011, the International League against Epilepsy (ILAE) proposed a first international consensus of the classification of focal cortical dysplasia (FCD). This FCD classification had been widely used in worldwide. In this review paper, the authors would like to give helpful comments for better understanding of the current FCD classification. Especially, the basic concepts of FCD type I, such as "radial", "tangential" and "microcolumn" will be discussed with figures. In addition, the limitations, genetic progress and prospect of FCD will be suggested.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제35권9호
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• pp.2818-2824
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• 2014

Trp residue is considered as one of the important constituents in antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) as it presence secured good activities in many cases. However, it is preferable to be changed because of their sensitivity towards light. We have synthesized the short Trp-rich AMP Pac-525 and its analogues to investigate the possibility of His(chx) as possible replacement analogue for Trp in AMPs. Based on the assay result of the antibacterial activity including anti-MRSA activity, His(chx) is considered as good candidate for the Trp replacement. Through these study, we found that His(chx) had several merits to design therapeutic antimicrobial agents compare to Trp in terms of i) increasing antibacterial activity without hemolytic activity, ii) successful in designing the short peptide (only four residues), iii) having anti-MRSA activity, iv) overcoming the light sensitivity. Furthermore, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and dye leakage experiments suggested that P11 and P16 containing His(chx) kill bacteria via forming pore/ion channels on bacterial cell membranes.