• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.249-254
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• 2016

It is imperious to know the reproductive parameters of the subsisting swine breed for profitable farming in Bangladesh. This study was designed to compare the reproductive parameters of sows at hilly areas between the local and crossbred at farm and backyard level. A total of 116 breedable sows were included. The data on age at puberty, litter size, birth weight, weaning weight, gestation length, interval between farrowing and number of piglets born per sow in local and crossbred sows were determined and direct questionnaire method was used for data collection. The present study revealed that age at puberty between farm and backyard system of crossbred sows was $8.88{\pm}0.153$ and $9.85{\pm}0.221$ months, respectively. The farrowing interval was shorter in crossbred sows which were kept in farming system rather than backyard system. The interval between farrowing and onset of estrus was shorter in crossbred sows. The gestation length was almost similar between backyard and farm condition. The number of litter size per sow per farrowing was $8.45{\pm}0.41$ in crossbred and $7.17{\pm}0.250$ in local pigs at backyard system. The birth weight and weaning weight were more in farm conditions than backyard system. The age at puberty in local breed was lower than the crossbred and litter size was $8.45{\pm}0.407$ in crossbred which was higher than local breed $7.17{\pm}0.250$ in backyard system. These results suggest that reproductive parameters of local sow need to be improved for better production and crossbred sows should be reared for obtaining desired productivity.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.147-153
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• 2004

본 실험에서는 수술적 방법을 이용하여 난관 절제술을 실시한 성숙 난자의 회수율과 카데터를 이용한 난자 회수율 그리고 새롭게 고안된 개 난자 회수용 니들을 이용한 회수율을 비교하였으며, 각각의 회수 방법이 성숙난자의 외형에 미치는 영향을 조사한 결과는 12두에서 난관절제술로 채취한 성숙난자의 회수율은 89.7% 이었다. 수술적 회수방법에서는 본 연구실에서 개발한 난자 회수용 니들을 난관내에 삽입-결찰한 후 난관-자궁 접합부에서 난자 회수용 배지를 관류하는 방법으로 평균 83.0%의 회수율을 얻었다. 이 같은 결과는 TomCat 카테터를 이용한 회수율 (68.9%)과 난자 회수용 니들을 결찰하지 않고 관류한 방법 (73.5%) 보다 유의적으로 높은 회수율을 나타내었다 (p<0.05). 또한 난관 절제술과 각각의 수술적 방법으로 회수한 난자의 형태학적 차이는 관찰할 수 없었으나 난관 절제술과 난자회수용 니들을 결찰하여 회수한 난자의 형태와 난질이 Tom Cat 카테터나 결찰하지 않은 니들을 이용하였을 때보다 영향을 덜 받는 경향을 나타내었다 (각각 72.0%, 73.8%와 62.8%, 69.6%).

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.245-250
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• 2011

The aim of this study was to evaluate the post-thawed characteristics of leopard cat semen. In this experiment, semen was collected from two leopard cats (A and B) at wild animal center in Seoul Grand Park in Korea. After collection, the sperms were washed with D-PBS and diluted by the freezing medium (Irvine science, USA) and stored in liquid nitrogen. The post-thawed concentration was $357{\times}10^6sperms/ml$ for A and $97{\times}10^6sperms/ml$ for B. The viability of post-thawed sperm from A and B individual was 24.0% and 19.0%, respectively. Pre-freezing motility of A and B individual semen was 68.54% and 56.65. Leopard cat A had more normal sperm than that of B (69.5% vs. 54.5%). Acrosome integrity analysis detected live (14.5% vs. 9.0%), damage (39.0% vs. 44.0%) and dead (46.0% vs. 47.0%) in leopard cat A and B, respectively. The present results concluded that leopard cat semen can be collected successfully by electro-ejaculation method and cryopreserved successfullyfor future use in different assisted reproductive technologies. The cryopreservation protocol needs to be modified for increasing post-thawed viability of leopard cat spermatozoa.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.282-291
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• 2013

Rapid loss in viability of neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.) seed is a major problem. Present effort was undertaken for developing a set pattern for assessing of viability and vigour in seed of various mother tree age of neem (Age I-06 years, Age II-15 years, Age III-25 years and Age IV->30 years old). Various viability test viz. triphenyle tetrazolium chloride test, electrical conductivity, excised embryo test, and germination test have been performed on seeds obtained from mother tree age classes. Inconsistency was observed with the TTC and EC test in germination of seed in laboratory as well as nursery. While various vigour tests viz. cold test, chemical stress test (methanol stress test), and accelerated ageing test alongwith ageing index, germination test (G%, MGT and GV) and various seedling growth parameters like seedling length (cm), number of leaves, collar diameter (cm), total biomass (g) alongwith mathematical indices i.e. vigour index, sturdiness quotient, volume index, quality index, root shoot ratio in nursery as well have been taken for study and showed better consistency. On the basis present study results of various viability and vigour test indicated that mother tree age class II performed better in comparison to others and it can be recommended for seed collection. Further it is also recommended that viability of neem seed may be assessed using various laboratory tests like excise embryo test and germination test (G%, MGT and GV) and vigour test may be taken preferably by cold germination test, chemical (methanol) stress test, accelerated ageing test in laboratory and germination alongwith various seedling growth parameters seedling length (cm), number of leaves, collar diameter (cm), total biomass (g) alongwith mathematical indices like Vigour Index, Sturdiness quotient, Volume Index, Quality index, root shoot ratio in nursery as discussed in this study.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.29-34
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• 2006

본 연구는 개 체외성숙 난자를 안정적으로 생산하기 위하여 채취시기, 난구세포 부착 여부 및 배양액에 EGF와 호르몬을 첨가 후 배양했을 때 체외성숙율에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 1. 미성숙 난포란을 TCM-199 배양액에서 24, 45시간 배양했을 때 체외성숙율은 각각 7.93%, 8.94%로서 48시간 배양했을 때 가장 높은 체외성숙율을 나타냈다. 2. 휴지기, 난포기, 황체기에 채취한 난소로부터 회수한 난자를 20 ng/ml의 EGF가 첨가된 TCM-199 배양액에서 배양했을 때 체외성숙율은 14.3%로서 0, 10 ng/ml의 EGF 첨가군(3.1%, 7.5%)에 비해 높은 체외성숙율을 나타냈다. 3. 난구세포 부착 및 미부착 난자를 48시간 배양했을 때 체외성숙율은 각각 18.8% 및 7.5%로서 난구세포 부착 난자가 미부착 난자보다 높은 체외성숙율을 나타냈다. 4. 난자의 체외성숙 배양 시 0.5 mg/ml FSH, 5 mg/ml LH, 1 mg/ml $E_2$와 FSH+LH, $FSH+LH+E_2$를 첨가한 TCM-199 배양액에서 배양했을 때 체외성숙율은 각각 1.2%, 10.0%, 2.0%와 10.0%, 31.2%로서 호르몬의 병용처리군이 높은 체외성숙율을 나타냈다. 5. 난자의 체외성숙 배양 시 EGF와 FSH, LH, $E_2$ 및 EGF와 FSH+LH, $FSH+LH+E_2$를 첨가한 TCM-199 배양액에서 배양했을 때 체외성숙율은 32.3%, 27.0%, 3.0%와 36.2%, 69.4%로서 EGF와 호르몬 병용 처리군이 높은 체외성숙율을 나타냈다.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.21-28
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• 2012

A study was conducted on four crossbred bulls, used as artificial insemination (AI) sires, to correlate their semen quality with their non return rate (NRR). Semen was collected once a week via an artificial vagina, diluted in egg yolk-citrate and maintained at $+7^{\circ}C$ for three days. It was evaluated for sperm motility, viability, morphology immediately after collection and was examined daily for sperm motility, viability and morphology of acrosome, mid piece and tail for a total of three days. A total of 2016 cows were inseminated by two AI technicians. The proportions of sperm with normal heads were 83.4% (63.7~91.7%), the proportion of spermatozoa exhibiting normal morphology (acrosome, mid piece and tail), motility and viability were 89.2% (82.3~92.0%), 71.3% (61.7~75.0%) and 76.7% (65.7~85.0%), respectively in fresh ejaculates. Sperm motility and sperm viability was significantly ($p$ <0.05) lower in Holstein-Friesian ${\times}$ Local bull than in other bulls during all three days of storage. The overall NRR for four bulls was 82.7% (72.9-87.5%). Bulls with higher sperm motility, viability and normal morphology of spermatozoa of individual bull had significantly (each $p$ <0.05) higher NRR. The highest ($p$ <0.01) NRR (87.5%) was observed in a Red Chittagong bull whose semen qualities were significantly ($p$ <0.05) higher than Holstein-Friesian ${\times}$ Local bull (NNR 72.9%). The results of the present study concluded that NRR at 56 days post AI is related to parameters of semen quality. Therefore, semen evaluation may allow the discarding of bulls with poor fertility in an AI program.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.437-441
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• 1993

The improvement of superior black soybeans could be accomplished through maintenance and use of black soybean collections. A collection of 965 black soybean lines currently grown by farmers was made in 197 locations on spring, 1991. This study was carried out to evaluate them as useful germplasm. Seed characteristics of black soybean collections were evaluated for black soybean breeding for seed quality. The 100-seeds weight of 929 black soybean genotypes were distributed from 6.9 to 48.1 gram. The maximum and minimum 100-seeds weight were derived from Chungnam and Jeonbuk province, respectively. l00-seeds weight was heavier in middle and late maturity group, as maturity was later, whereas no tendency was shown in early maturity group. Length, width and thickness of the collected black soybean seeds were 9.5$\pm$1.5mm, 7.3$\pm1.3mm and 7.3$\pm1.2mm, respectively. Black soybean collections with yellow seed embryo was 72% and the others were green seed embryo.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.35-41
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• 2014

Laparoscopic ovum pick-up (LOPU) is a convenient method for collecting oocytes in small ruminants. LOPU has the advantage of being a less invasive means of oocyte collection, thereby allowing for a repeated usage of the oocyte donor animals. A total of 25 Korean black goats were used in the winter season (December to February) and LOPU was applied to the goats which had been treated for superovulation more than two times during the last twelve months. Estrus was synchronized with an intravaginal insert containing 0.3 g progesterone for 10 to 12 days. Ovaries were hyperstimulated with eCG 1,000 IU oneshot, FSH with eCG (50 mg / 1,000 IU; 70 mg / 500 IU; 70 mg / 1,000 IU) oneshot or FSH multiple-shot with eCG oneshot ($20mg{\times}6/300IU$) given intramuscularly 72 h prior to LOPU. For these groups, the number of follicles (mean ${\pm}$ SEM) observed which developed to larger than 2 mm in diameter were $1.6{\pm}2.5$, $4.3{\pm}3.1$, $5.5{\pm}4.2$, $6.6{\pm}2.1$ and $8.8{\pm}7.8$, respectively. Oocytes were aspirated by using OPU needles and a vacuum pump. The overall oocyte retrieval rates were 41.4%. Oocytes were matured in TCM-199 supplemented with 10% (w/v) bovine serum albumin + $10{\mu}g/ml$ FSH + $1{\mu}g/ml$ $17{\beta}$-estradiol for 27 h at $39^{\circ}C$ in 5% $CO_2$ in air. Oocytes were parthenogenetically activated by ionomycin combined with 6-diethylaminopurine (6-DMAP). Total oocyte maturation and cleavage rate were 67.3% and 78.8%, respectively. In summary, LOPU is a useful oocyte collection method in Korean black goats that can provide immature oocytes for transgenesis or nuclear transfer.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.115-121
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• 1990

Ultrasonically guided oocyte collection gradually replaces laparoscope in many IVF center. In present study, we compare the efficacy of both methods in our IVF program. Totally 377 cycles which were undertaken in vitro fertilization treatment were divided into 2 groups. Ultrasonically guided transvaginal follicular aspiration was performed in 188 cycles and laparoscopic follicular aspiration was performed in 189 cycles under local anesthesisa. The mean age for both groups was similar. Follicular recruitment was achieved with human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG) or a com bination of clomiphene citrate and hMG or a combination of FSH and hMG. In the ultrasonically guided aspiration group, 1821 follicles were aspirated with 61.8% of recovery rate (1125 oocytes), 81.5% of embryo transfer rate (145 cycles) and (17%), 26 cases intrauterine pregnancies were estabilished. In the laparoscopic group, 604 follicles were aspirated with 68.7% recovery rate (445 oocytes) and a 79.9% ET rate (127 cycles), 11 cases (8.7%) intrauterine pregnancies were estabilished. A valid comparison of these data is not possible because the 2 groups are dissimilar for factors known to influence oocyte development and recovery. No statistically significant differences could be demonstrated between 2 groups in all but the recovery rate and clinical pregnancy rate, In ultrasound group, the clinical pregnancy rate was significantly higher than that of laparoscope group. The potentially detrimental effect of CO2 pnemoperitonium present during laparoscope but not in ultrasound guided recovery on ova quality may underlie the observed difference in the clinical pregnancy rate between the 2 groups. Ultrasound guided aspiration seems to be as effective as laparoscopy in terms of oocyte retrieval and conception rate. Furthermore, the procedure is simple and inexpensive, it may replace laparoscopy as a method for oocyte collection in most patients who undergo IVF.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.239-244
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• 2004

The present study was to investigate the pregnancy rate, gestation length and abortion rate of the recipients which transferred blastocysts produced by in-vivo collection, in-vitro fertilization (IVF) and nuclear transfer (NT). In addition, we investigate the birth weight and survival rate of the calves derived from the same methods. The pregnancy rate was 56.3％ in-vivo blastocysts, significantly higher than 19.4％ in NT blastocysts (p<0.05) but not significantly different from 30.0％ in IVF blastocysts. The abortion rate and the gestation length did not differ among the treatment groups (abortion rate: 0, 22.2 and 16.7％ respectively; gestation length: 278.8, 289.4 and 281.4 days respectively). The mean birth weight was significantly higher in NT calves (39.9kg) than in-vivo calves (25.5kg p<0.05). Recipients of in-vivo blastocysts (n=9) had all normal delivery and all of their calves survived on the 60$^{th}$ day from the birth. Recipients of IVF blastocysts (n=7) had all normal delivery but one of their calves died on the 48$^{th}$ day from the birth. Among recipients of NT blastocysts (n=5), three had normal delivery and two had Caesarean section. Among calves born through normal delivery (n=3) two died just after delivery but those born through Caesarean section all survived on the 60th day from the birth.