• Coupled systems mechanics
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.41-58
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• 2016

The study deals with physical modeling of a typical building frame resting on pile raft foundation and embedded in cohesive soil mass using finite element based software ETABS. Both- the elements of superstructure and substructure (i.e., foundation) including soil is assumed to remain in elastic state at all the time. The raft is modelled as a thin plate and the pile and soils are treated as interactive springs. Both- the resistance of the piles as well as that of raft base - are incorporated into the model. Interactions between raft-soil-pile are computed. The proposed method makes it possible to solve the problems of uniformly and large non-uniformly arranged piled rafts in a time saving way using finite element based software ETABS. The effect of the various parameters of the pile raft foundation such as thickness of raft and pile diameter is evaluated on the response of superstructure. The response included the displacement at the top of the frame and bending moment in columns. The soil-structure interaction effect is found to increase displacement and increase the absolute maximum positive and negative moments. The effect of the soil- structure interaction is observed to be significant for the type of foundation and soil considered in the present study.

• Coupled systems mechanics
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.367-384
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• 2014

The study deals with the physical modeling of a typical single storeyed building frame resting on pile foundation and embedded in cohesive soil mass using the finite element based software SAP-IV. Two groups of piles comprising two and three piles, with series and parallel arrangement thereof, are considered. The slab provided at top and bottom of the frame along with the pile cap is idealized as four noded and two dimensional thin shell elements. The beams and columns of the frame, and piles are modeled using two noded one dimensional beam-column element. The soil is modeled using closely spaced discrete linear springs. A parametric study is carried out to investigate the effect of various parameters of the pile foundation, such as spacing in a group and number of piles in a group, on the response of superstructure. The response considered includes the displacement at the top of the frame and bending moment in columns. The soil-structure interaction effect is found to increase the displacement in the range of 38 -133% and to increase the absolute maximum positive and negative moments in the column in the range of 2-12% and 2-11%. The effect of the soil- structure interaction is observed to be significant for the type of foundation and soil considered in this study. The results obtained are compared further with those of Chore et al. (2010), wherein different idealizations were used for modeling the superstructure frame and sub-structure elements (foundation). While fair agreement is observed in the results in either study, the trend of the results obtained in both studies is also same.

• Coupled systems mechanics
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.455-483
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• 2018

The study deals with physical modeling of a typical three storeyed building frame supported by a pile group of four piles ($2{\times}2$) embedded in cohesive soil mass using three dimensional finite element analysis. For the purpose of modeling, the elements such as beams, slabs and columns, of the superstructure frame; and that of the pile foundation such as pile and pile cap are descretized using twenty noded isoparametric continuum elements. The interface between the pile and the soil is idealized using sixteen node isoparametric surface element. The soil elements are modeled using eight nodes, nine nodes and twelve node continuum elements. The present study considers the linear elastic behaviour of the elements of superstructure and substructure (i.e., foundation). The soil is assumed to behave non-linear. The parametric study is carried out for studying the effect of soil- structure interaction on response of the frame on the premise of sub-structure approach. The frame is analyzed initially without considering the effect of the foundation (non-interaction analysis) and then, the pile foundation is evaluated independently to obtain the equivalent stiffness; and these values are used in the interaction analysis. The spacing between the piles in a group is varied to evaluate its effect on the interactive behaviour of frame in the context of two embedment depth ratios. The response of the frame included the horizontal displacement at the level of each storey, shear force in beams, axial force in columns along with the bending moments in beams and columns. The effect of the soil- structure interaction is observed to be significant for the configuration of the pile groups and in the context of non-linear behaviour of soil.

• Interaction and multiscale mechanics
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.397-411
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• 2009

The effect of soil-structure interaction on a simple single storeyed and two bay space frame resting on a pile group embedded in the cohesive soil (clay) with flexible cap is examined in this paper. For this purpose, a more rational approach is resorted to using the three dimensional finite element analysis with realistic assumptions. The members of the superstructure and substructure are descretized using 20 node isoparametric continuum elements while the interface between the soil and pile is modeled using 16 node isoparametric interface elements. Owing to viability in terms of computational resources and memory requirement, the approach of uncoupled analysis is generally preferred to coupled analysis of the system. However, an interactive analysis of the system is presented in this paper where the building frame and pile foundation are considered as a single compatible unit. This study is focused on the interaction between the pile cap and underlying soil. In the parametric study conducted using the coupled analysis, the effect of pile spacing in a pile group and configuration of the pile group is evaluated on the response of superstructure. The responses of the superstructure considered include the displacement at top of the frame and moments in the superstructure columns. The effect of soil-structure interaction is found to be quite significant for the type of foundation used in the study. The percentage variation in the values of displacement obtained using the coupled and uncoupled analysis is found in the range of 4-17 and that for the moment in the range of 3-10. A reasonable agreement is observed in the results obtained using either approach.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.281-289
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• 2016

Structural experiment result showed that PHC(d=600mm) Pile used as a common compression member could resist 83.6 ~ 91.6 tonf of ultimate tension force, if the adhesion of P.C. bar of PHC pile to the concrete foundation is strengthened. Considering a proper safety factor to ultimate tension strength, PHC pile can substitute the anti-floating anchor, or reduce the number of anchors. For this purpose, pullout resistance behavior of a Bored pile embedded in real ground as well as structural tension strength of PHC pile must be evaluated. This study performed the static pullout tests to evaluate the pullout behavior of bored pile, and compared the test results with design value of side resistance. To evaluate the pullout resistance easily, static pullout test results were compared with dynamic loading test results using PDA. As a result, cement paste of the bored pile was hardened which is after 15 days, LH side resistance design value corresponded well to the Static pullout test results, also to the side resistance evaluated by dynamic loading test.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.365-376
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• 2016

Population of urban areas is rapidly increased due to urbanization. This situation leads to lack of surface space. So, underground space has been developed for resolving the problem of congested urban areas. Many studies have researched for this situation. However, previous studies mainly focused on behaviour of structures. Researches about behaviour of soil are lacked. For this reason, this study has investigated interactive behaviour between embedded pile and its surrounding ground due to tunnelling. Soil deformation is observed by the close range photogrammetric method and image processing in the model test. These data are compared with numerical analysis.

• Geotechnical Engineering
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.153-166
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• 1998

This paper shows the results of a series of model tests on the behavior of steel pipe pile which is subjected to lateral and inclined loads in homogeneous and non-homogeneous Nak-dong River sands. Non-homogeneous soil consisted of two layers, upper and lower layer. The purpose of the present paper is to investigate the effect of ratio of lower layer height to embedded pile length, ratio of soil modules of upper layer to lower layer and inclined load on the behavior of single pile. These effects can be quantified only by the results of model tests. As a result. in non-homogeneous sand soil, it is shown that the lateral behavior depends upon the ratio of soil modules of upper layer to lower layer more than other factors. And it was found that the relationship between the deflection ratio of non-homogeneous sand to homogeneous sand and the ratio of lower layer height to embedded pile length can be fitted to exponential function of H/L by model tests results. For the inclined load applied, it is shown that the bending moment-depth relationship is not similar to the case of laterally loaded pile and the depth of maximum bending moment at relative density of 90% increases about 70% more than the pile only loaded laterally.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.65-80
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• 1999

This paper shows the results of a series of model tests on the behavior of single flexible pile, which is subjected to lateral load, in non-homogeneous Nak-Dong River sands, consisting of two layers. The purpose of the present paper is to investigate the effects of ratio of lower layer thickness to embedded pile length, ratio of soil modulus of upper layer to lower one, and pile head constraint condition on the characteristics of lateral behavior of single pile. These effects can be quantified only by the results of model tests. Based on the results of model tests, in non-homogeneous sand, it was found that the lateral behavior depends upon the ratio of soil modulus of upper layer to lower one. And, in respect of deflection, it was found that the relationship between the deflection ratio of non-homogeneous to homogeneous sand and the ratio of lower layer thickness to embedded pile length can be fitted to exponential function of H/L and lateral load by model tests results. Also, in respect of maximum bending moment, it was found that the relationship H/L and $MBM_{fixed-head}/MBM_{free-head}$ can be fitted to linear function of H/L by model test results.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.29 no.12
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• pp.57-67
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• 2013

Micropile technology has evolved continuously since its instruction by Fernando Lizzi in the 1950s. The effects of group micropile have been researched by many researchers. The effects of group micropile differ and change with pile length, pile spacing (S), pile angle (${\theta}$) and pile embedded conditions. In the present study, the effects of resistance increase and settlement reduction from micropiles were investigated through a series of axial load tests. For the study, axial load tests were performed using mat, group micropiles and micropiled-raft (MPR) in various pile spacing and pile angle conditions. As the result, the effects of resistance of micropiled-raft were 80% (3D) to 110% (7D) of the total resistance of mat and group micropile. The effects of settlement restraint of micropiled-raft were 20% (S=3D, ${\theta}=45^{\circ}$) to 70% (7D, ${\theta}=15^{\circ}$) of settlement of mat foundation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.19 no.3 s.67
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• pp.95-100
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• 2004

H-pile can be more easily driven than pipe pile by pile driver and shows high skin friction and plugging effect. And lately It is well grown that the high strength H-pile has been widely used f3r pile foundations. To compare the skin frictions of H piles under different density soil conditions, this paper presents results of a series of model tests on vertically loaded group piles. Model piles made of steel embedded in weathered granite soil were used in this study. Pile arrangements $(2\times2,\;3\tunes3)$, pile space(2D, 4D, 6D), and soil density$(D_r=40\%,\;80\%)$ were tested. The main results obtained from the model tests can be summarized as follows. The series of tests found that compression load for group piles increases as number of piles increase and piles space ratic decrease to $D_r=40\%$ of soil density. The analysis also found that the theoretical value of skin friction for group piles is greater than practical value as piles space ratio increases to $D_r=40\%$ of soil density. Piles showed the greatest difference of the skin friction in case that the pile space ratio(S/D) is 6. The theoretical value by Meyerhof and DM-7 showed 1.83 times and 1.32 times respectively as great as practical value in case of S/D=6 and $2\times2$.