• 한국디지털건축인테리어학회논문집
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.5-12
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• 2013

Conceptual and technical design designated as digital architecture has been discussed with disorderly meaning as a conception only. Thus, this study aims at verification of development possibility for the digital architecture by analyzing how works of Frank Gehry have effect on nonlinearity of the digital architecture. Nonlinear characteristics appeared on works of Frank Gehry analyzed on the basis of expression techniques and modeling principle are as follows: 1) Initial works show a trend to gradually change and develop from horizontal and vertical linear structure to nonlinear pattern. 2) From a nonlinear modeling principle, initial works appear the primary deformation elements only, while afterwards, they are gradually developing to a pattern to mix the primary and secondary deformation elements as introduction of digital architecture. 3) Through specific cases, Frank Gehry has conducted attempts with various method for nonlinear pattern expression. 4) From the initial works to the latest works, continuity becomes higher and changed to nonlinear pattern. This study is significant from a viewpoint that it has verified development possibility of digital architecture by analyzing nonlinear trend of digital architecture for Frank Gehry and it is required to conduct multilateral researches related to the digital architecture.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.111-117
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• 2009

The CHRM3 gene is a member of the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor family that plays important roles in the regulation of fundamental physiological functions. The evolutionary mechanism of exon-acquisition and alternative splicing of the CHRM3 gene in relation to transposable elements (TEs) were analyzed using experimental approaches and in silico analysis. Five different transcript variants (T1, T2, T3, T3-1, and T4) derived from three distinct promoter regions (T1: L1HS, T2, T4: original, T3, T3-1: THE1C) were identified. A placenta (T1) and testis (T3 and T3-1)-dominated expression pattern appeared to be controlled by different TEs (L1HS and THE1C) that were integrated into the common ancestor genome during primate evolution. Remarkably, the T1 transcript was formed by the integration event of the human specific L1HS element. Among the 12 different brain regions, the brain stem, olfactory region, and cerebellum showed decreased expression patterns. Evolutionary analysis of splicing sites and alternative splicing suggested that the exon-acquisition event was determined by a selection and conservation mechanism. Furthermore, continuous integration events of transposable elements could produce lineage specific alternative transcripts by providing novel promoters and splicing sites. Taken together, exon-acquisition and alternative splicing events of CHRM3 genes were shown to have occurred through the continuous integration of transposable elements following conservation.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.932-938
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• 2012

얼굴 표정은 상호간 의사소통에 있어 중요한 의미를 갖는 것으로, 인간이 사용하는 다양한 언어보다도 수많은 인간 내면의 감정을 표현할 수 있는 유일한 수단이다. 본 논문에서는 쉽고 자연스러운 얼굴 표정 생성을 위한 근육 모델 기반 3D 얼굴 표정 생성 시스템을 제안한다. 3D 얼굴 모델의 표정 생성을 위하여 Waters의 근육 모델을 기반으로 자연스러운 얼굴 표정 생성에 필요한 근육을 추가하여 사용하고, 표정 생성의 핵심적 요소인 눈썹, 눈, 코, 입, 볼 등의 특징요소들을 중심으로 얼굴 근육과 근육벡터를 이용하여 해부학적으로 서로 연결된 얼굴 근육 움직임의 그룹화를 통해 얼굴 표정 변화의 기본 단위인 AU를 단순화하고 재구성함으로써 쉽고 자연스러운 얼굴 표정을 생성할 수 있도록 하였다.

• 한국의상디자인학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.99-111
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• 2012

This study intends to explore the collaborative expression in the modern fashion design by analyzing the collaboration of motifs symbolizing Korean cultural identity. As for the data research, in order to examine the expressional objects of collaboration in the collections of the fashion designers from Korea and overseas who have applied the Korean culture among their collections posted on the Internet sites, www.firstview.com, and www.style.com from 2005 to 2012 were collected for analysis. 923 pictures used in the analysis sheet. As for the research method, the content analysis method was used. In the modern fashion design, the collaborative expression in the motifs symbolizing Korean cultural identity are limited to tangible expression, intangible expression, integrated expression. The results of this study were as follows. First, in the tangible expression, traditional tangible assets are used in the shapes, items, colors, materials, patterns and details to symbolize uniquely Korean image. The intangible expression, the applicability for Korean intangible assets include the master's (intangible cultural assets) and the craftsmanship of the modern designers being collaborated onto the contemporary customs to express the Korean traditional culture in a realistic or an abstract trend. The hybride expression, it is to represent Korean thoughts and values using the tangible elements. Second, The expressivity of collaboration of each year mostly shows integrated expression, intangible expression and tangible expression were shown respectively. The trend of seasonal collaboration expressivity was muchly the integrated expression in most seasons, and intangible expression and tangible expression followed respectively. It is recognizable that the expressivity of collaboration of each designer was; integrated expression was muchly shown in Lie Sang Bong and Lee Young Hee's works, Duri Jung showed much of intangible expression, and much tangible expressivity was shown in Carolina Herrera.

• 한국디자인학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국디자인학회 2003년도 가을학술발표대회
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• pp.60-61
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• 2003

• 한국동물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국동물학회 2000년도 한국생물과학협회 학술발표대회
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• pp.197.2-198
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• 2000

No Abstract, See Full Text

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.37-48
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• 2014

사회감성은 다양한 사회적 네트워크가 형성됨으로서 우리생활에서 의사소통의 질적 관점에서 중요한 요인으로 대두되고 있다. 이러한 사회감성을 이해하기 위해서 감성의 어휘적 의미와 표현에서 보여 지는 유의성을 검증하고 분석하여 사회감성의 복합적인 의미를 이해하고자 한다. 본 연구에서 의사소통의 대표적인 채널인 SNS(Social Network Service)상에서 감성표현 결과를 이용하여 그 의미와 표현에 대한 척도를 구하고 군집분석을 통해서 그 차이를 깊이 있게 이해하려고 하였다. 분석결과 사회감성요인은 부정적 평가 요인 항목이 긍정적 요인에 비교하여 비중이 높은 반면, 사회감성 표현은 긍정적인 표현이 상당히 많이 제시되는 것으로 나타났다. 사회감성요인에 대한 분류에서 기본 감성이나 유인가로 구분이 가능한 반면에 감성표현에서는 사회감성에서 요구되는 부가적인 내용을 복합적인 의미로 내포하고 있으며 양가적 내용 특성 포함하고 있다.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:소프트웨어및응용
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.570-579
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• 2005

표정인식 연구는 맨$\cdot$머신 인터페이스 개발, 개인 식별, 가상모델에 의한 표정복원 등 응용가치의 무한한 가능성과 함께 다양한 분야에서 연구되고 있다 본 논문에서는 인간의 기본정서 중 행복, 분노, 놀람, 슬픔에 대한 4가지 표정을 얼굴의 강체 움직임이 없는 얼굴동영상으로부터 간단히 표정인식 할 수 있는 방법을 제안한다. 먼저, 얼굴 및 표정을 결정하는 요소들과 각 요소의 특징영역들을 색상, 크기 그리고 위치정보를 이용하여 자동으로 검출한다. 다음으로 Gradient Method를 이용하여 추정한 광류 값으로 특징영역들에 대한 방향패턴을 결정한 후, 본 연구가 제안한 방향모델을 이용하여 방향패턴에 대한 매칭을 행한다. 각 정서를 대표하는 방향모델과의 패턴 매칭에서 그 조합 값이 최소를 나타내는 부분이 가장 유사한 정서임을 판단하고 표정인식을 행한다. 마지막으로 실험을 통하여 본 논문의 유효성을 확인한다.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제40권8호
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• pp.577-586
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• 2017

Phytocystatins (PhyCYSs) are plant-specific proteinaceous inhibitors that are implicated in protein turnover and stress responses. Here, we characterized a PhyCYS from Arabidopsis thaliana, which was designated AtCYS5. RT-qPCR analysis showed that the expression of AtCYS5 in germinating seeds was induced by heat stress (HS) and exogenous abscisic acid (ABA) treatment. Analysis of the expression of the ${\beta}-glucuronidase$ reporter gene under the control of the AtCYS5 promoter showed that AtCYS5 expression during seed germination was induced by HS and ABA. Constitutive overexpression of AtCYS5 driven by the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter led to enhanced HS tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis, which was characterized by higher fresh weight and root length compared to wild-type (WT) and knockout (cys5) plants grown under HS conditions. The HS tolerance of AtCYS5-overexpressing transgenic plants was associated with increased insensitivity to exogenous ABA during both seed germination and post-germination compared to WT and cys5. Although no HS elements were identified in the 5'-flanking region of AtCYS5, canonical ABA-responsive elements (ABREs) were detected. AtCYS5 was upregulated in ABAtreated protoplasts transiently co-expressing this gene and genes encoding bZIP ABRE-binding factors (ABFs and AREB3). In the absence of ABA, ABF1 and ABF3 directly bound to the ABREs in the AtCYS5 promoter, which activated the transcription of this gene in the presence of ABA. These results suggest that an ABA-dependent pathway plays a positive role in the HS-responsive expression of AtCYS5 during seed germination and post-germination growth.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.107-111
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• 2005

C. elegans DLK-1 has been reported to play an important role in synaptogenesis by shaping the structure of presynaptic terminal. In this study, we investigated the expression pattern and regulation of the dlk-1 gene in C. elegans. To determine the expression pattern, we made a dlk-1::gfp fusion construct, named pPDdg1, which consisted of -2.2 kb 5' upstream region, the first exon, the first intron, and a part of the second exon of the dlk-1 gene. By microinjecting this construct into the worm, we observed that the DLK-1::GFP was expressed mainly in neurons. We next examined the regulatory elements of gene expression by deletion analysis of pPDdg1. Removal of a large portion of the 5' upstream region (${\Delta}-361$ to -2246) of the gene had little effect on the expression pattern, whereas deletion of the first intron led to elimination of the DLK-1::GFP expression in most of the neurons. Our results suggest that the first intron of the C. elegans dlk-1 gene contains the regulatory element critical for gene expression.