• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.15-23
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• 2016

Gelatin soft capsules, manufactured by the press through package(PTP) process, are widely used in the production of multivitamin dietary supplements and other health functional foods. Gelatin capsules can prevent light and air from having a direct contact with the contents in the capsule, and the nutrients inside the capsules are preserved without any loss. In the present study, on the basis of the results on the safety of gelatin capsules. The parameters investigated included degradation of the capsules before their shelf life, capsule deformation, and changes in specific nutrients. Moisture and heat in the production and storage environments of the capsules caused the gelatin to swell and attach some of the inorganic salts in the vitamin contents. Nutritional component analysis showed that B1, B5, B9, and B12 contents were decreased, while mineral elemental analysis shown calcium, chloride, and zinc compound were found to be infused into the gelatin of the capsule shell.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 1995.04b
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• pp.204-208
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• 1995

Copper magnetron anode of a microwave-oven consists of an cylindrical outer-tube and various inner-vanes. The magnetron anode is produced by the complex process ; vane blanking, pipe cutting and sliver-alloy brazing of vanes. Recently, the backward extrusion process for forming vanes has been developed to avoid the complex procedures. The developed process is analyzed by using upper-bound elemental technique(UBET). In the UBET analysis, the upper-bound load, the configuration and the vane-height of final extruded product are determined by minimizing the total power consumption with respect to chosen parameters. To verify theoretical analysis, experiments have been carried out with pure plasticine billets at room temperature, using different web-thickness and number of vanes. The theoretical predictions both for forming load and vane-height are in reasonable agreement with the experimental results.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
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• 2007.10a
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• pp.215-222
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• 2007

Coating of Hot-dip galvannealed steel consists of various Fe-Zn intermetallic compounds. Since the coating is hard and there for is very brittle, the surface of steel sheet is easy to be ruptured during second manufacturing processing. This is called as powdering. In addition, forming equipment might be polluted with debris by powdering. Therefore, various research have been carried out to prohibit powdering fur improving the quality of GA steel. This paper carried out finite element analysis combined with damage model which simulate the failure of local layer of hot-dip galvannealed steel surface during v-bending test. Since the mechanical property of intermetallic compound was unknown exactly, we used the properties calculated from measurements. The specimen was divided into substrate, coating layer and interface layer. Local failure at coating layer or interface layer was simulated when elemental strain reached a prescribed strain.

• International Journal of Railway
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.73-82
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• 2010

Global and local behaviors of a lightly RC shear walls are investigated in this paper. For the sake of cyclic behaviors, nominal ground accelerations of 0.15 g, 0.40 g and 0.55 g which associated with natural periods of the walls are applied as listed in French CAMUS-2000 shake table test. Modified Kent & Park model, Drucker-Prager model for concrete material and $Giufr\acute{e}$-Menegotto-Pinto model for rebar are used for time history analyses using fiber/solids elements respectively. Alternatively, Eulerian beam analysis are discussed by imposing inelastic hinges at the most possible plastic hinge location using modified Takeda's trilinear model with stiffness reduction. Relative displacements, base shears, bending moments of 5-story shear building with 36-tons of mass under bi-lateral seismic excitation are extracted and compared with EC-8, PS-92 and KBC-09 provisions. Multi-scaled degradation process; material damage, elemental fracture and structural failure in turn is discussed in the view of numerical accuracy, efficiency and limitation depending on three different model-based analyses.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.174-181
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• 2001

An upper bound elemental technique(UBET) has been carried out to predict the forming load, the deformation pattern and the extrude length of the lateral extrusion of a spider for the automotive universal joint. For the upper bound analysis, a kinematically admissible velocity field(KAVF) is proposed. From the proposed velocity field, the upper bound load, the deformation pattern and the average length of the extruded billets are determined by minimizing the total energy consumption rate which is a function of unknown velocities at each element. Experiments are carried out with antimony-lead billets at room temperature using the rectangular shape punch. The theoretical prediction of the forming load, the deformation pattern and the extruded length are good in agreement with the experimental results.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.191-198
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• 2000

For a characterization of the pretreated waste automotive catalyst the following analysis techniques were applied : EA(Elemental Analysis) BET(Brunaure-Emmett-Teller) and ICP-AES(Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry). The combustion activity of waste automotive catalyst was investigated for methanol acetaldehyde and toluene as model VOCs in a fixed bed reactor. carbon deposit amount was decreased with increasing catalyst showed a good catalytic activity for VOCs combustion at 40$0^{\circ}C$. Catalytic activity for methanol acetaldehyde and toluence combustion was very excellent and decreased with mileage. The catalytic activity of a waste automotive catalyst for methanol combustion increased after acid treatment. The acid effect of catalytic activity was summarized as follows: HNO3>HCI>H2SO4>CH3COOH. The waste automotive catalyst regenerated by the pretreatment method might have a excellent catalytic activity for VOCs combustion.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.71-74
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• 1991

Uncertainty analyses accompanied by the measurement of the velocity vectors in 3-D cavity flows are carried out. Twenty-one elemental errors are esimated or calculated according to the ANIS/ASME uncertainty analysis manual. Error components associater with the PIV(Particle Imaging Velocimetry) are reasonably small and the errors caused by the flow characteristics are fairly large, which confirm the reliability of the PIV measurement and also give good information to the planning phase of the experiment by discriminating the most critical parameter. The present study reveals that vector length expressed by pixels is the most influential. Calculated relative uncertainty for the all experimental conditions is ranging about 5-10% in terms of the representative velocity 0.5U. U is here the belt velocity on the cavity apparatus. Approximating equations to show the relative rss uncertainties are given and graphic representations are followed for the easier understanding of the uncertainty, existing in the velocity profiles of the cavity flow.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.209-212
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• 1998

Methylan, a polysaccharide produced from Methylobacterium organophilum, was chemically modified by adding diethylaminoethyl (DEAE) group to the backbone of methylan. The structure of DEAE-methylan was determined by measuring its nitrogen content obtained from an elemental analysis. From the analysis of mass spectrum, the DEAE group in DEAE-methylan was also confirmed by determining diethylaminoethene as a separate form of DEAE. Mercury adsorption of DEAE-methylan was higher than that of native methylan. This fact was valid for a variety of pH, reaction times, metal concentrations, and polysaccharide concentrations. In particular, native methylan and DEAE-methylan adsorbed 16% (w/w) and 18% (w/w) for mercury after 30 min at pH 7, respectively. The increase in mercury adsorption of DEAE-methylan may be resulted from mercury adsorption by the lone pair electron of nitrogen atom in DEAE group.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2012.11a
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• pp.183-186
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• 2012

The characteristics of particulate matters (PM) from an exhaust gas for conventional and low temperature diesel combustion (LTC) in a compression ignition engine was experimentally investigated by the elemental, thermogravimetric analysis. Morphology of PM was also studied by the transmission electron microscopy. PM for LTC shows that it contains more volatile hydrocarbons, which can be easily evaporated than conventional regime. PM for LTC is comprised of smaller primary particles.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.28 no.12
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• pp.2382-2388
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• 2007

A series of dimethine cyanine dyes were synthesized in a fast, efficient and high yield by the condensation of quaternary salts with 1H-indole-3-carbaldehyde in the presence of piperidine under solvent-free microwave irradiation. The products were identified by 1H NMR, IR, UV-Vis spectra and elemental analysis. The absorption and fluorescence properties of these dyes were investigated both experimentally and theoretically. Calculations performed at a combination of time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) and the polarizable continuum model (PCM) reproduced the π-π* type absorption bands of the dyes. Regression analysis was used for studying theoretical results of the absorption maxima in different solvents. Compared with experimental counterparts, estimated overall uncertainties in the absorption maxima were about ±2%.