• International Journal of Fuzzy Logic and Intelligent Systems
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.87-92
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• 2003

This paper describes a system for tracking multiple faces in an input video sequence using facial convex hull based facial segmentation and robust hausdorff distance. The algorithm adapts skin color reference map in YCbCr color space and hair color reference map in RGB color space for classifying face region. Then, we obtain an initial face model with preprocessing and convex hull. For tracking, this algorithm computes displacement of the point set between frames using a robust hausdorff distance and the best possible displacement is selected. Finally, the initial face model is updated using the displacement. We provide an example to illustrate the proposed tracking algorithm, which efficiently tracks rotating and zooming faces as well as existing multiple faces in video sequences obtained from CCD camera.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.403-410
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• 2022

Flexible and wearable sensing technologies have emerged as a result of developments in interdisciplinary research across several fields, bringing together various subjects such as biology, physics, chemistry, and information technology. Moreover, various types of flexible wearable biocompatible devices, such customized medical equipment, soft robotics, bio-batteries, and electronic skin patches, have been developed over the last several years that are extensively employed to monitor biological signals. As a result, we present an updated overview of new bio-implantable sensor technologies for various applications and a brief review of the state-of-the-art technologies.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.139-144
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• 2022

Advanced tactile sensors are receiving significant attention in various industries such as extended reality, electronic skin, organic user interfaces, and robotics. The capabilities of advanced tactile sensors require a variety of functions, including position sensing, pressure sensing, and material recognition. Moreover, they should comsume less power and be bio-friendly with human contact. Recently, a tactile sensor based on the triboelectrification effect was developed. Triboelectric tactile sensors have the advantages of wide material availability, simple structure, and low manufacturing cost. Because they generate electricity by contact, they have low power consumption compared to conventional tactile sensors such as capacitive and piezoresistive. Furthermore, they have the ability to recognize the contact material as well as execute position and pressure sensing functions using the triboelectrification effect. The aim of this study is to introduce the progress of research on triboelectrification-based tactile sensors with various functions such as position sensing, pressure sensing and contact material recognition.

• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.367-372
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• 2015

In this study, locality of scleroderma was detected. Diagnostic method is difficult for scleroderma (skin curing; Scleroderma), and it is done by comparing the images of the normal subjects to the scleroderma patients, after performing monochrome processing. The saturation, brightness, and contrast are adjusted, and they were converted by using the process of Well Filter. As a result, the images were able to be used to clearly distinguish the symptoms of scleroderma. In addition, in a video of a healthy person, the line of sight of the observation given the image of scleroderma patients above sea level of height as $0^{\circ}$ is to implement the closing process to the rear Well Filter even only in so that the horizontal plane, and out at intervals of graph the amplitude difference of the video have I asked. The diagnostic criteria were determined for the healthy subjects and the scleroderma patients.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.551-557
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• 2013

In intelligent robot research, hand gesture recognition has been an important issue. And techniques that recognize simple gestures are commercialized in smart phone, smart TV for swiping screen or volume control. For gesture recognition, robust hand detection is important and necessary but it is challenging because hand shape is complex and hard to be detected in cluttered background, variant illumination. In this paper, we propose efficient hand detection algorithm for detecting pointing hand for recognition of place where user pointed. To minimize false detections, ROIs are generated within the compact search region using skin color detection result. The ROIs are verified by HOG-SVM and pointing direction is computed by both detection results of head-shoulder and hand. In experiment, it is shown that proposed method shows good performance for hand detection.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Surface Engineering Conference
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• 2018.06a
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• pp.126-126
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• 2018

최근 차세대 디스플레이인 flexible 하고 transparent 한 디스플레이 개발이 진행 중 이며, 이러한 디스플레이가 개발 되기 위해 백 플레인으로 사용되는 Thin Film Transistor (TFT) 또한 차세대 디스플레이 못지 않게 연구가 진행 되고 있다. 기존의 무기물을 기반으로 하고 Rigid한 TFT는 현재 많은 곳에 적용이 되어 사람들이 사용 하고 있다. 하지만 이미 시장은 포화상태이며 차세대 디스플레이 컨셉인 flexible 하고 투명한 것과 맞지 않는다. 그래서 유연하며 투명한 특성을 가진 TFT에 대한 연구가 활발히 진행 되고 있으며 많은 성과를 이루었다. 이러한 소자를 이용하여 훗날 Electronic-skin(e-skin)이라 부르는 전자 피부를 활용하여 실시간 모니터링 할 수 있는 헬스 케어 분야 등에 활용 가치 또한 높다. 현재 유연하며 투명한 기판 및 물질 개발에 많은 연구 개발이 진행 되고 있다. 하지만 유연한 기판을 사용하여 TFT를 제작한 후 stress나 bending에 대한 내구성과 안정성, 신뢰성 등이 무기물을 기반으로 한 TFT에 비해 좋지 않은 실정이다. 따라서 유연하며 투명한 기판을 사용한 TFT에 대한 안정성, 신뢰성 등을 확보하여야 한다. 본 연구 에서는 유연한 기판을 사용하여 TFT를 제작 한 후, TFT특성과 안정성을 확보하는 것을 목표로 실험을 진행하였다. 우리는 Mo전극과 Parylene 기판을 사용하여 유연한 TFT소자를 탑 게이트 구조로 제작 하였고 Rigid한 Glass기판 위에 Floating Process를 진행하기 위해 PVA층을 코팅 후 그 위에 Parylene을 CVD로 증착 하고 IGZO를 Sputter를 사용해 증착했다. Parylene은 DI Water 70도에서 Floating 공정을 통해 Rigid 기판에서 탈착 시켰다. 유연한 기판 위에 TFT를 제작 후 bending에 대한 특성 변화 및 안정성에 대한 측정을 실시하였다. Bending에 대한 특성 변화는 우수한 결과가 나왔지만 안정성 측정 중 Negative Bias Stress(NBS) 상에서 비정상적인 On Current Drop 현상이 발생 되었다. Parylene과 Channel층 사이 interface roughness로 인해 charge trap이 되고 이로 인해 On Current Drop 이라는 현상으로 나타났다. 그래서 우리는 Parylene 기판과 Channel 층간의 surface roughness를 개선하기 위한 방법으로 UV Treatment를 사용하였고 시간을 다르게 하여 surface 개선을 진행했다. Treatment 시간을 증가 시킴에 따라 Surface roughness가 많이 좋아 졌으며, Surface를 개선하고자 비정상적인 On Current Drop 현상이 없어졌으며 위 실험으로 Polymer의 surface roughness에 따라 TFT에 대한 안정성에 대한 신뢰성이 확보 될 수 있는 것을 확인 하였다.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.63 no.4
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• pp.34.1-34.9
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• 2023

Dogs exhibit patterns of health issues that vary by life stage. An understanding of disease incidence with respect to breed and age/life stage could be an important component of canine health management and welfare. This study aimed to describe the age-specific disease incidence of 3 small dog breeds that attended veterinary clinics in the Republic of Korea, based on data from electronic veterinary medical records (EVMRs). A total of 40,785 EVMRs from Maltese (n = 21,355), Miniature Poodle (n = 11,658) and Shih Tzu dogs (n = 7,772) were analyzed. Common health problems in 3 small dog breeds were 'diseases of the skin' and 'diseases of the ear,' respectively. Among dogs aged ≤ 3 years, 'preventive medicine' was the most common cause cited for veterinary clinic visits. Among dogs aged 4 to 8 years, the most frequent health problems were 'diseases of the skin.' Among dogs aged 9 to 13 years, 'heart diseases,' 'kidney diseases,' 'mammary gland tumor,' and 'neoplasia (unspecified)' were considerably more frequent, compared to the rates in dogs ≤3 years. Among dogs aged ≥ 14 years, 'heart diseases' and 'sneezing/cough' were the main health problems. In all breeds, the frequencies of 'diseases of circulatory system,' 'diseases of respiratory system,' 'diseases of the nervous system,' 'endocrine' and 'neoplasia' increased rapidly with aging. This surveillance could inform strategies for disease screening tests and management based on life stage in these dog breeds and enable more effective health management.

• Composites Research
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.378-393
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• 2022

As an emerging power generation technology, triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have received increasing attention due to their boundless promise in energy harvesting and self-powered sensing applications. The recent rise of soft robotics has sparked widespread enthusiasm for developing flexible and soft sensors and actuators. TENGs have been regarded as promising power sources for driving actuators and self-powered sensors, providing a unique approach for the development of soft robots with soft sensors and actuators. In this review, TENG-based soft robots with different morphologies and different functions are introduced. Among them, the design of biomimetic soft robots that imitate the structure, surface morphology, material properties, and sensing/generating mechanisms of nature has greatly benefited in improving the performance of TENGs. In addition, various bionic soft robots have been well improved compared to previous driving methods due to the simple structure, self-powering characteristics, and tunable output of TENGs. Furthermore, we provide a comprehensive review of various studies within specific areas of TENG-enabled soft robotics applications. We first explore various recently developed TENG-based soft robots and a comparative analysis of various device structures, surface morphologies, and nature-inspired materials, and the resulting improvements in TENG performance. Various ubiquitous sensing principles and generation mechanisms used in nature and their analogous artificial TENG designs are demonstrated. Finally, biomimetic applications of TENG enabled in tactile displays as well as in wearable devices, artificial electronic skin and other devices are discussed. System designs, challenges and prospects of TENGs-based sensing and actuation devices in the practical application of soft robotics are analyzed.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.141-148
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• 2023

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to investigate on the application of the yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) lasers for acupoints irradiation. Methods : We conducted a systematic search for peer-reviewed studies published from inception to November 2023, in the following electronic databases: PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science in English, Science ON, Oriental Medicine Advanced Searching Integrated System (OASIS) and Research Information Sharing Service (RISS) in Korean, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and Wanfang in Chinese, and Japan Science Technology Information Aggregator, Electronic (J-STAGE) and Citation Information by NII (CiNii) in Japanese. Inclusion criteria were original articles including clinical and experimental studies related with YAG lasers for acupoints including Ashi or meridian sinews. Results : Among the 8 selected studies, there were 7 studies on human subjects and 1 study on animals, 7 studies on Nd:YAG (1,064 nm) laser, and 1 study on Er:YAG (2,940 nm) laser. A total of 16 acupoints were used, 15 of which were in the face and 1 of which was located in the foot. In addition, there were two studies using Ashi. 4 studies looked at the effect of pain relief, 2 studies looked at safety, 1 study looked at changes in blood flow, and 1 study looked at the effect of skin care. There were no reported adverse events, and the YAG laser was confirmed to be safe and effective in pain relief, beautifying the skin, and increasing blood flow. Conclusions : We suggest that high intensity YAG lasers can be applied to laser acupuncture or laser moxibustion. YAG lasers are considered to be worth using for various clinical indications of Korean medicine because of photobiomodulation effects, analgesic action, and deep penetration depth. Further scientific research and clinical evidences should be warranted.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea CI
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.64-70
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• 2007

Raman spectroscopy is known to have strong potential for providing noninvasive dermatological diagnosis of skin cancer. According to the previous work, various well known methods including maximum a posteriori probability (MAP) and multilayer perceptron networks (MLP) showed competitive results. Since even the small errors often leads to a fatal result, we investigated the method that reduces classification error perfectly by screening out some ambiguous patterns. Those ambiguous patterns can be examined by routine biopsy. We incorporated an ambiguous pattern class in MAP, linear classifier using minimum squared error (MSE), MLP and reduced coulomb energy networks (RCE). The experiments involving 216 confocal Raman spectra showed that every methods could perfectly classify BCC by screening out some ambiguous patterns. The best results were obtained with MSE. According to the experimental results, MSE gives perfect classification by screening out 8.8% of test patterns.